2023年考研英語二真題及答案

14考研英語二真題及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave__1___thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___2___.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3___amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.Ofevengreater___5___isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI___7__bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,___8___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored16.[A][B]combined[C]settled[D]associated17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without3R9E!u0M&F;R)y'a1X!gSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Whatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent。21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?[A]Abighouse[B]Aspecialtour[C]Astylishcar[D]Arichmeal22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat[A]consumersaresometimesirrational[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuriesText2AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley‘sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat______.[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s______[A]rapidwatching[B]consciouschoice[C]intuitiveresponse[D]automaticself-defence28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto______[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities[B]believeintheirattractiveness[C]coveruptheirdepressions[D]oversimplifytheirillusions29.Theword“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclosestinmeaningto_____.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]particularly[D]aggressively30.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisself-enhancer’sparadisebecausepeoplecan_____.[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsidesText4Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting£4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2023,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.36.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector__[A]hasattractedmuchattention[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility[D]haslostitsrealvalueineconomy37.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas__[A]increaseditshomesupply[B]offeredspendingopportunities[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases[D]disappointedthegovernment38.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay_______.[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing[B]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes[C]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt[D]releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast39.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould_______.[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders[B]lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments[D]relievetheministersofresponsibilities40.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2023,thegovernmentmay______.[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing[B]reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector%]/H0e!`)Z"O&c3~!Y9K#C#C6e8P)[)`(h(G*y.t8p.n+ASectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat’sperpetuallyhalffall.Butthat’sexactlythekindoffalsedeerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldn’trecommend.“Healthyoptimistsmeansbeingintouchwithreality.”saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor,AccordingtoBen-Shalar,realisticoptimistsarethesewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.Ben-Shalarusesthreeoptimisticexercisers.Whenhefeelsdown-sag,aftergivingabadlecture-hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.HeremindshimselfthatmoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.Nextisreconstruction,Heanalyzestheweaklecture,leaninglessons,forthefutureaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesn’t.Finally,thereisperspective,whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegroundschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesn’tmatter.

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c3^1]-u;X.L!T&A"w3z"c5d5D/n/u#VSectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:SupposeyouaregoingtostudyabroadandshareanapartmentwithJohn,alocalstudent.Writehimtoemailto1)tellhimaboutyourlivinghabits,and2)askforadviceaboutlivingthere.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonanswersheet.Donotuseyourownname.PartB48.Directions:WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET.(15points)Youshouldinterpretthechart,andgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

答案

SectionIUseofEnglish1、【答案】Bconcluded!j$F(d;f0`&E#c!x(I1^7^【解析】題干中，一系列的研究已經(jīng)_____，事實(shí)上，正常體重的人的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要高于超重的人。根據(jù)句義，后面的部分實(shí)際上是研究的結(jié)論，因此concluded

符合題意，其他選項(xiàng)denied(否認(rèn))與意義相反，doubled(翻倍)與題意較遠(yuǎn)，ensured(確保)不符合題意，因?yàn)檠芯坎荒艽_保后面的事實(shí)，只能得出后面的事實(shí)作為結(jié)論。所以正確答案為B。,O*c)g&h1b2C#[1\(L2、【答案】Aprotective(Z-b3@'L$n+|9H/P#E/R【解析】題干中，對于某些健康情況，超重事實(shí)上是有_____。根據(jù)前文研究的結(jié)論，超重能減少罹患疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，說明超重具有一定的保護(hù)作用。Dangerous

和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻煩，不符合題意，所以正確答案為A。/n)E

p3_!C/c5t3、【答案】Clikewise&f6S

c$j;F8G【解析】第三句話中，較重的女人患缺鈣的比例低于較瘦的女人。_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示順接的詞語。A選項(xiàng)instead表示逆接的句意關(guān)系，B選項(xiàng)however也表示逆接，D選項(xiàng)therefore表示因此，只有C選項(xiàng)likewise意為同樣地;也，而且。因此正確答案為C。,S/q

U!T!b*Q3s%Q%?0O4、【答案】Aindicator

【解析】本句話中，_____，一定程度上超重，經(jīng)常是健康的_____。A選項(xiàng)，表示指示器，指標(biāo)。B選項(xiàng)objective表示客觀;C選項(xiàng)origin表示來源，D選項(xiàng)example表示例子。根據(jù)前面的文章內(nèi)容，已經(jīng)明確指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指標(biāo)。因此正確答案為A。5、【答案】Dconcern-S7i$_4s2F$D$P-u【解析】本句話的句意是，需要更加_____是，很難對肥胖加以定義。A、impact(印象);B、relevance(相關(guān)性);C、assistance(輔助);D、concern(關(guān)注)。前文已經(jīng)說到肥胖事實(shí)上有利健康，但是又面臨一個問題，到底如何去定義肥胖，因此需要更加關(guān)注的是對肥的定義，其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，所以正確答案為D。6、【答案】Aintermsof)E0p

^0W"B)D#S%z,A9y【解析】題干中,肥胖經(jīng)常______體質(zhì)指數(shù)，或稱為BMI來定義。A、intermsof

，根據(jù)……，就……而言。B、Incaseof表示在某種情況下，

C、infavorof

表示贊成，以……來取代，D、inrespectof，關(guān)于……。因此正確答案為A。在醫(yī)學(xué)研究和臨床測試中經(jīng)常使用BMI作為衡量受試者健康的重要指標(biāo)，希望考生能夠記住這一背景知識，方便日后做題。7、【答案】Cequals

【解析】本題題干中BMI_____體重除以身高的平方，這里是用文字?jǐn)⑹隽薆MI指數(shù)得出的方法，也就是一個數(shù)學(xué)公式，所以equal符合題意。Ameasure(測量)、Bdetermine表示確定;Dmodify(修訂)。句義就是BMI等于體重除以身高的平方。8、【答案】Cinturn

【解析】本題題干中，肥胖_____能夠分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和極度肥胖。A、inessence(事實(shí)上、實(shí)際上);B、incontrast(相反地);C、inturn(依次);D、inpart(部分地)。本句是將肥胖依次分級，所以正確答案為C。0w9^"t2s9X8E9、【答案】Dstraightforward.m0~7x4]3]6R【解析】題干中，相比之下，這樣的數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看起來_____，實(shí)際上不是的。A、complicated(復(fù)雜);B、conservative(保守)、C、variable(可變的);D、straightforward(直截了當(dāng));這里的數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指的就是肥胖指數(shù)，肥胖指數(shù)分為三類，而且算法比較簡單，所以A復(fù)雜不正確，B選項(xiàng)保守，用于描述一種數(shù)學(xué)公式，不恰當(dāng)，一名患者或一名受試者的BMI一般是確定的，因此可變的也不符合題意，D選項(xiàng)straightforward表示直截了當(dāng)，符合題意，因此正確答案為D。.P,]'U)J%G+@1D5~7e3n10、【答案】Bwhile2a*L#m'n"`(?"y%w【解析】本句中，一些人有很高的BMI，實(shí)際上身材正好，_____其他人有較低的BMI指數(shù)，可能_____。從前半句我們可以看出，有些人的BMI指數(shù)很高，應(yīng)該屬于體重肥胖的人，事實(shí)上身材正好，這里說明的是反常的現(xiàn)象，后半句是其他人的BMI指數(shù)較低，而_____較差。A、so(所以);B、while(而);C、since(因?yàn)?;D、unless(除非)四個選項(xiàng)中只有while有轉(zhuǎn)折的含義，其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，所以正確答案為B。+}$X5s:|.O2K9[11、【答案】Ashape*{1~&C4q"E6]&p)V-L【解析】本題可以簡化為：Some…arefit,whileothers…maybeinpoor.不難看出，前后意義相反，且fit(體型健康)與inpoor

對應(yīng)，與之最相關(guān)是Ashape(外形)，故為正確答案。"精神"、"均衡"、"品味"都相差比較遠(yuǎn)，可以排除。12、【答案】Bqualify

【解析】本題順應(yīng)前文意義：有一些人體型很好，有些人體型體型肥胖。接下來舉例說有些專業(yè)足球運(yùn)動員是肥胖的，"開始"不符;"處在"也不符合句意;"退休"內(nèi)容無關(guān);"被認(rèn)為"符合句意，正確。7m-P2i$A!@13、【答案】Cnormal

【解析】本句不難理解：有些人脂肪過高，但是BMI卻。所需詞匯明顯是正向的，排除A、B;D屬中性，且不符合句意，C(正常的)契合，為正確答案。(L5f0g5f9F4U-m'N.I$k*D14、【答案】Dtendency

【解析】本題解題關(guān)鍵是后半句：tostigmatizeobesity(抵毀肥胖)，作為劃線部分的后置定語，將四個選項(xiàng)"選擇""理由""機(jī)會""傾向"代入劃線處，最符合句意的是D(傾向)。后面一句也進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了(出現(xiàn)在媒體中的肥胖者臉都是打了馬賽馬的)。9l3{)E8b9`5a"{15、【答案】Cpictured,L&P9~)@*I【解析】空格所在句提到了媒體，根據(jù)語境，上句講到當(dāng)今我們都污蔑肥胖，所以本句的意思應(yīng)該是媒體污蔑肥胖，四個選項(xiàng)中，跟媒體相關(guān)系的詞匯只有Cpicture

意思為刻畫，描寫，描述。%m-w/l9y6[16、【答案】Dassociated,t

p9u

C2F!l!P【解析】空格所在句的意思是與肥胖_____的原型包括懶惰，缺乏意志力，對成功的期望值不高?？崭窈竺嫣岬降膽卸瑁狈σ庵玖蛯Τ晒Φ钠谕挡桓叨际桥c肥胖相關(guān)的表現(xiàn)，分析四個選項(xiàng)，A.

與。。。相比;B

與。。。相結(jié)合;C.和。。。和解;都不符合題意，只有D與。。。相聯(lián)系，相關(guān)符合句意。17、【答案】Aeven'~$a)t&|:@1I$X&d'~-L8q【解析】空格所在句的意思是_____小孩子蔑視超重，而且對身材的嘲笑一直是學(xué)校的一個問題。本空格缺少一個副詞，根據(jù)語境記憶常識，此處應(yīng)該填入表示讓步關(guān)系的詞匯，分析四個選項(xiàng)，只有Aeven

即使符合題意。$q*U

i1f8t18、【答案】Dgrounded

【解析】根據(jù)語境，空前講到對肥胖的負(fù)面態(tài)度，空后講到對健康的關(guān)注，激發(fā)一批反肥胖的____。本句沒有出現(xiàn)任何轉(zhuǎn)折詞，說明空前后所表達(dá)的意思是一致的，反對肥胖，是基于對健康的關(guān)注，分析四個選項(xiàng)，能夠表達(dá)此意思的詞匯，只有選項(xiàng)Dgrounded,意思是基于。19、【答案】Dpolicies

【解析】解答此題需要聯(lián)系空格后面緊跟著的句子?？蘸蟮木渥映霈F(xiàn)了一系列表示同一個語義場的詞匯，比如

hospitalsystem;ban;manyemployersinstitute,

指向的意思是一個系統(tǒng)中所出臺的政策的問題，瀏覽四個選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)policies

符合題意，直接入選。(X-M1B.m#s20、【答案】Bagainst

【解析】本段的主題是反對肥胖，本句話屬于細(xì)節(jié)的句子，用來支持這個主題，空格所在句講到米歇爾奧巴馬已經(jīng)發(fā)起了一個高知名度的_____兒童肥胖，甚至告訴奧茲博士，它代表了我們國家最大的安全威脅?？崭裰腥鄙僭~匯應(yīng)該含有反對，反抗的意思，縱觀四個選項(xiàng)，只有Bagainst

符合題意。,t3M-F.O(V.CSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA:f1q6G$a

N2fText1%N+P7k4Q(s(x,`0k'{21、【答案】BAspecialtour"^4b&V8G%m9E%k6b!L【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。答案定位在第二段的"itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences…likeinterestingtrips…"，意思是"花錢消費(fèi)在經(jīng)歷方面更好……，比如說有趣的旅行……"，由此可以得知答案是B選項(xiàng)"一場特別的旅行"。22、【答案】Acritical

【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。答案定位在第三段的"somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit"，意思是"普通美國人一年花兩個月的時(shí)間看電視，并且看電視幾乎不可能更愉快"，因此可以得知作者對于看電視的態(tài)度是A選項(xiàng)"批判的"。)P1|$u)t*k;G

W23、【答案】Draritygenerallyincreasespleasure&I%_.z)k1p

`#A$}"J/f2f"@【解析】觀點(diǎn)例證題。答案定位在第三段，文章中提到McRib這個例子，用這個例子證明的論點(diǎn)是"luxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly"，大意是"有節(jié)制地消費(fèi)奢侈品最令人愉悅"，D選項(xiàng)正是這句論點(diǎn)句的同義替換。.X.|5\$C-a)n$i"r24、【答案】Bmayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。答案定位在最后一段的最后一句"mostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent"，大意是"大多數(shù)人看完這本書后，認(rèn)為物有所值"，因此可以推知B選項(xiàng)是正確答案。

@"z#w$a8I+u0w7Y25、【答案】Abalancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

【解析】主旨題?？v觀全文可知，全文主要談?wù)摶ㄥX消費(fèi)和心情愉悅之間的關(guān)系，因此答案定位在A選項(xiàng)。Text2)P.^;o-G/I-R6b%S4|"T26、【答案】Aourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh4C#G

m0M(u"p8A(|'e

O-a【解析】題目問

"根據(jù)第一段，社會心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?"對應(yīng)于文章第一段第三句"社會心理學(xué)家對所謂的‘高于均數(shù)效應(yīng)’或者‘虛幻的優(yōu)越感’進(jìn)行大量的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)我們中70%的人認(rèn)為自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力在平均水平之上……—這些數(shù)據(jù)明顯都是不可能的。"由此可知，我們對自己評價(jià)過高。故答案為[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh。27、【答案】Cintuitiveresponse

【解析】題目問"視覺識別被認(rèn)為是人們的什么?"對應(yīng)于文章第三段第三句"視覺識別是自動的心理過程，這個過程依靠直覺快速發(fā)生，且并不是故意的。"由此可知，視覺識別被認(rèn)為是人們的直覺反應(yīng)。故答案為[C]intuitiveresponse。28、【答案】Bbelieveintheirattractiveness

【解析】題目問"Epley發(fā)現(xiàn)有更高自尊的人傾向于怎樣"。對應(yīng)到第四段，第二句講到"沒有證據(jù)顯示那些自我提升最多的人這樣做是為了掩飾自己的不安全，接著講到：事實(shí)上，那些認(rèn)為自己的形象高于吸引力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人就是那些表現(xiàn)出更高自尊的人，故答案為[B]believeintheirattractiveness。29、【答案】[A]instinctively%x,q5U;^+J5k:P6B5t【解析】題目問"最接近viscerally的意思的是?"。對應(yīng)到第五段，viscerally所在句講到"許多人討厭照片中的自己，從某種層面上說，他們甚至不承認(rèn)照片中的人是他們自己。"而下文又講到facebook是自我拔高者的天堂，在那里人們可以分享最滿意的的照片。"由此可知，viscerally在本句中是"本質(zhì)上地"意思，故答案為[A]instinctively。30、【答案】[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides

【解析】題干問"我們可以推理出臉書(facebook)之所以是一個自我拔高者的天堂，是因?yàn)槿藗兛梢宰鍪裁?"對應(yīng)于文章最后一段的第二句，該句講到"在臉書(facebook)中，人們可以分享最滿意的照片。"下文接著講到"不是人們不誠實(shí)，而是人們展示了自己最理想的形象。"故答案為

[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides。Text4

I1u;I"`"i8X36、【答案】[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors

【解析】根據(jù)本題題干中的關(guān)鍵詞housingsector可以對應(yīng)到文章的第二段，中間說的很多，我們注意到最后有but出現(xiàn)，最后應(yīng)該是作者真正想要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)，另外這里用了themostsignificant

最高級，所以最后這個是最重要的一個原因，politicallycharged和選項(xiàng)B的politicalfactors有對應(yīng)關(guān)系，故選Binvolvescertainpoliticalfactors。A項(xiàng)的吸引注意沒有提及，C項(xiàng)的承擔(dān)太多責(zé)任，原文說的shouldertheblame，D項(xiàng)說的喪失價(jià)值，原文說的是不善于表明真正價(jià)值，兩者不一致，故排除。8L:z2]:y/a;A,V/R0x8\37、【答案】[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases*w5Q'a'T)O&P#v2v'C9F【解析】經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房曾受到政府的偏見。答案定位到文章第三段最后一句話Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.

政府需要把歷史的偏見放在一邊并且采取一些策略解決我們迫切的住房需求。Suffered

是過去式，是對于原文history

的同義反復(fù)，biases

是對原文prejudices的同義反復(fù)。/\+?.|$M+t7`'[38、【答案】[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing7|$V&f1^2Q%x/U3]【解析】根據(jù)人名GeorgeOsborne定位得知，此人將會讓當(dāng)?shù)卣脕韮斶€建房借貸的限額變得更加寬松，并且在借貸限額放寬的情況下，將會另有60,000所房屋在未來的五年中建立，并由此拉動國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的百分之零點(diǎn)六。因此A(允許更大的政府的建房借貸)是正確的，而B(禁止當(dāng)?shù)卣ǚ?，C(準(zhǔn)備減少建房借貸)，D(發(fā)布國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長的預(yù)報(bào))都與原文意思不符。(P6U-R$^/s:r39、【答案】[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments

【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)文章題干定位到第五段，題干考察的是對穩(wěn)定的租賃環(huán)境的理解。A項(xiàng)的意思是"減少注冊供應(yīng)者的成本"，其中"成本一詞"并未在文中出現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有。B項(xiàng)的意思是"減少政府接介入的影響"，其中"政府介入"并未在文中出現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有。B項(xiàng)的意思是"有助于為新發(fā)展提供資金支持"，其中"為新發(fā)展提供資金支持"對應(yīng)文中的"fundnewdevelopments";C選項(xiàng)中的"contributeto"(意思是有助于)對英文中的haveasignificantimpact(意思是有重要影響)，符合正解的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)原則，所以是正確選項(xiàng)。7Q6|*m:X,a4[40、【答案】[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector

【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第三行?？疾斓氖?023年以后政府的可能性動作。A項(xiàng)的意思是"推行更多的政策來支持住房"與原文意義相反。B項(xiàng)的意思是重新審視大規(guī)模公共撥款的需求，與原文倒數(shù)第二段意義相違背。C項(xiàng)的意思是更新可負(fù)擔(dān)的住房撥款項(xiàng)目并沒有提到renew一詞。D項(xiàng)的意思是停止對住房部門的大額資助，與原文的倒數(shù)第二句相匹配，故為正確選項(xiàng)。"P7Q1Q.L+A.A+PSectionIIITranslation'q4Y5H*H9M"S!I46、)h4|9U;d(g2u*C/M【參考譯文】+c'T3x2f$G4s!G*d$\大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為樂觀是無盡的歡樂，如同總是有半杯水的杯子。但那是一種絕不會為積極心理學(xué)家所稱道的虛假的快樂。哈佛大學(xué)的TalBen-Shahar教授說，"健康的樂觀主義意味著要活在現(xiàn)實(shí)之中。"在Ben-Shahar看來，現(xiàn)實(shí)的樂觀主義者會因勢利導(dǎo)，而非求全責(zé)備。Ben-Shahar

會使用三種樂觀的方法。比如說，當(dāng)他因搞砸了一場演講而倍感郁悶的時(shí)候，他會告訴自己這是很正常的事，提醒自己：并不是每一次演講都可以獲得諾貝爾獎，總會有一些人的演講