中石油2023通用英語(yǔ)選讀課文42Becoming-Wealthy-It's-Up-to-You致富取決于你自己

42BecomingWealthy:It'sUptoYou致富取決于你自己1.Critics<評(píng)論家>oftenspeakof“therich”withnone-too-subtle<微妙的>disdain<n/vt蔑視>,asifthoseattheverytopoftheincomeladderarealldishonest<狡詐的>peopleorasifbecomingrichisdifficultandmeansothersmustbecomepoorer.Whilewewouldbethefirsttoadmitthatsomerichpeoplearedishonest,wemustaddthatachievingthestatus<n身份，地位，情形，狀況>of“therich”(defined,say,byhavinganetworth<凈收入，凈值>of$1,000,000)isnotparticularlydifficult,contraryto<和…相反>popular<普通的>wisdom<常識(shí)，知識(shí)>.Therulesforacquiringsubstantial<adj大量的，堅(jiān)固的，物質(zhì)的，實(shí)質(zhì)的>wealtharefew,simple.ThisfactsuggeststhatbecomingrichformostAmericansisamatterofchoice.1、評(píng)論家們一說起富人往往帶有明顯的蔑視。就好像收入高的層次的人們都是狡詐之人，或者意味著成為富有階層不容易而且必須以其他人變得更窮為代價(jià)。首先我們承認(rèn)有些富人不誠(chéng)實(shí)，但我們必須補(bǔ)充一點(diǎn)：與普遍的認(rèn)識(shí)相反，達(dá)到富人階層(例如定義為擁有凈收入一百萬美元)并不是特別難。獲取可觀財(cái)富的規(guī)則只有幾條，而且簡(jiǎn)單。這就意味著對(duì)于大多數(shù)美國(guó)人來說想不想變富是一個(gè)選擇的問題。2.Oneoftherulesforbeingrichistoavoidfrivolous<adj無意義的，無價(jià)值的>temptations<n誘惑>.Thatiseasiersaidthandone,andwedonotnecessarilyrecommend<建議>thatallpeopleshouldleadapureandjoylesslife.Wemeanonlytopointout<指出>thatthegreatmajorityofthosefourpercentofAmericanswhohave$1,000,000innetworthgettowheretheyarebecausetheycontroltheirpleasures.Forexample,richAmericansbuycarsthatareonaverage<平均地>onlyslightlymoreexpensivethanthoselesswealthyAmericansbuy.2、變?yōu)楦挥械囊?guī)則之一是避免無重要意義的誘惑。說起來容易做起來難，而且我們也無意建議所有人都該過著平淡無味的生活。我們只是想指出那些占美國(guó)人口百分之四的凈收入達(dá)一百萬美元的大多數(shù)人之所以達(dá)到今天的富有，就是因?yàn)樗麄兛酥屏俗约旱南順?。例如，富有的美?guó)人買的汽車平均來講只是略好于那些不太富有的人的汽車。3.Beingabletosaveandaccumulate<v積聚，堆積>considerable<adj相當(dāng)大、多的，相當(dāng)可觀的>wealthisnotautomatic<adj自動(dòng)的，無意識(shí)的n自動(dòng)機(jī)械>.Peoplemusthaveareasonable<合理的，適當(dāng)?shù)?gt;incomeinordertosaveamountsthatwillmakeforwealth,whichrequiresseveralauxiliary<adj輔助的>rulesforachievinganincomelevelthatwillallowforaminimum<adj最小的，最低的n最小值，最小化>savinglevel.Formost-thosewithouttherequisite<adj必要的，需要的n必需品>luck,inheritance<n遺產(chǎn)，遺傳>,specialtalents,orgoodideas-becomingrichmeansgettinganeducation.Fewpeoplewhodropoutof<不參與，退出>highschoolwillberich.Theincomeofhighschooldropouts<n綴學(xué)者，退學(xué)學(xué)生，中途退學(xué)，綴學(xué)學(xué)生>isabouttwo-thirdsthatofAmericanswithahighschooldiploma<n畢業(yè)文憑，學(xué)位證書，證書，獎(jiǎng)狀>.3、能夠節(jié)省和積累可觀的財(cái)富不是自動(dòng)的。要想省一定量的錢來足以積累成為財(cái)富，人們必須有適當(dāng)?shù)氖杖?。為達(dá)到能夠允許最低節(jié)省錢的收入水平還需要幾個(gè)輔助規(guī)則。對(duì)大多數(shù)沒有必要的運(yùn)氣、繼承的財(cái)產(chǎn)、特殊的天才或好想法的人們成為富有就意味著受教育。高中就輟學(xué)的人很少變?yōu)楦挥械摹８咧休z學(xué)人的收入是擁有高中畢業(yè)文憑的人收入的三分之二。4.Tohaveagoodchanceatbeingrich,though,mostindividuals<人（口語(yǔ)）；某種類型的人>(asidefromtheluckyones)willneedatleastacollegeeducation,whichjustaboutwilldoubletheirincomesoverwhattheywouldhaveearnedwithonlyahighschooldiploma.Aprofessionaldegreewillresultin<導(dǎo)致>anaverageannualincomeofabouttwicethatofcollegegraduates(orsixtimestheincomeofahighschooldropout).Thismeansthatthosewhoinvest<投資>ineducationdonothavetosaveashighapercentageofincometobecomerichatretirement.However,inallprobability,educatedAmericanswillbericheratretirementsimplybecausetheywillbeabletosavemorealongthewayandbecausetheyarelikelytobesmarterandcanachieveahigherrateofreturnontheirsavings.4、但是要想有好機(jī)會(huì)變富有，大多數(shù)(除了幸運(yùn)的)至少需要受到大學(xué)教育，與只有高中文憑的相比，大學(xué)的教育可使他們的收入翻一番。大學(xué)以上的學(xué)歷會(huì)導(dǎo)致比大學(xué)畢業(yè)的年平均收入增加一倍(或是高中輟學(xué)人的六倍)。這就意味著在教育上投資的人要想在退休時(shí)致富、不必節(jié)省同樣高比例的收入。但是極為可能的是受過良好教育的美國(guó)人之所以在退休時(shí)更富有是因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谶^去的歲月里積攢得更多，而且他們可能更明智，獲取更高的存款的投資回報(bào)率。5.Thefirstauxiliaryruleforbecomingrichistostayinschoolor,ifoutofschool,gobacktoit.Ofcourse,tostayinschoolisnotenoughandtheywilllearnsomethingworththetimeandeffort.Itneverhasbeeneasiertogetaneducation.Publicschoolsarefreeforthetaking.Collegecostshavebeenrisingsteadily<adv安穩(wěn)地，有規(guī)律地>relativetofamilyincomelevelformorethanadecade.However,therateofreturnonacollegeeducationhasbeenrisingaswell,makingtheinvestmentagooddeal.Meanwhile<同時(shí)>,thecostofself-educationhasfallenwiththemultitude<n大量，多數(shù)，群眾，眾多>ofsourcesofknowledgeandinformationavailableonCD-ROMsandtheInternet.5、致富的第一條輔助規(guī)則是堅(jiān)持修完學(xué)業(yè)，即使走出了校門也要回去。當(dāng)然留在學(xué)校還不夠，還要學(xué)習(xí)一些值得學(xué)習(xí)的知識(shí)。歷來受教育都不是容易的事情。上公立中學(xué)免學(xué)費(fèi)。十幾年來，相對(duì)于家庭收入水平，上大學(xué)的費(fèi)用一直在穩(wěn)步上升。然而，高等教育的回報(bào)率也在上升，這使得投資劃算，成為很好的交易。同時(shí)，由于從CD-ROM和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上可獲取大量的知識(shí)和信息，自學(xué)的費(fèi)用已經(jīng)降低。6.Thesecondauxiliaryruleforbecomingrichistopickyoureducationcarefully.Teacherswillfindgettingrichtougherthanengineers,given<prep.考慮到>thattheformer<前者>canexpecttoearnhalfasmuchovertheircareers.Historyandmusicprofessorscanexpecttoearnlessthanaccountingprofessors.Forthatmatter,historyandmusicprofessorscanexpecttoearnalotlessthantheirstudentswhomajorinbusiness.6、致富的第二條輔助規(guī)則是要精心地選好所受的教育?？紤]到在工作期間教師的工薪預(yù)期是工程師的二分之一，前者致富要更難。教歷史和音樂的教授預(yù)期要比會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)教授薪水少。正因?yàn)槿绱耍瑲v史和音樂教授預(yù)期要比他們的專業(yè)為商業(yè)的學(xué)生薪水少得多。7.Thethirdauxiliaryruleforbecomingrichistomarrysomeonewithanequalorhighereducation,andthenstaymarried.Byitself,marriageseemstoprovideastable<adj穩(wěn)定的，安定的，堅(jiān)固的>institutional<習(xí)以為常的>setting<環(huán)境；背景>thatpromotes<vt促進(jìn)，發(fā)揚(yáng)，提升>greaterearnings,whichaffordsgreatersavings.Marriedcouplesnotonlyearnmorethannon-marriedpeople,theytendtoeconomizeonthecostsofrunningtheirhouseholds,allowingthemtosaveandinvestathigherrate.Moreover,thebindinglegalcontracts<有約束力的合法契約>atthefoundation<建立，基礎(chǔ)>ofmarriages,whichreflecttheirpersonalcommitments<n承諾，委托事項(xiàng)，承擔(dān)義務(wù)>toeachother,givethecoupleanaddedeconomicincentive<n動(dòng)力，激勵(lì)adj激勵(lì)的>toinvestinthejointassets<n財(cái)產(chǎn)，資產(chǎn)>oftheunion<共同>.7、第三條致富的輔助規(guī)則是與受教育水平和你相等或高于你的人結(jié)婚，然后保持婚姻狀態(tài)?；橐霰旧硭坪跆峁┮粋€(gè)穩(wěn)定的處所，穩(wěn)定的處所又能促進(jìn)掙更多的錢，從更多的錢中抽得出更多的存款。結(jié)婚的夫妻不僅比不結(jié)婚的掙得多，而且在家庭運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的支出中，他們往往節(jié)省，使得他們存錢和投資的比例更高。而且建立婚姻時(shí)有約束力的合法契約表現(xiàn)了他們對(duì)彼此的承諾，在經(jīng)濟(jì)上給雙方增加了向婚姻共同財(cái)產(chǎn)投資的動(dòng)力。8.Thefourthauxiliaryruleistobeabletoworkandsaveforalongtime.Alcoholics<n嗜酒者alcoholicadj含酒精的>anddrugaddicts<吸毒者addictvt使沉溺，上癮n入迷的人，有癮的人>whoarenotyetrichareunlikelycandidates<最后命運(yùn)或結(jié)局如何已顯然可見者>forbecomingso.Theywillbeunabletoworklongandhardenoughtoearntherequisite<基本的，需要的>incomes,andtheircareerswillbefullofinstability,iftheycanevenhavecareers.Mostwilldrink,inject<vt注射，注入>,orsmokeupwhateverincomestheyearn;theirsuppliersundoubtedlywillgetrichattheexpenseof<以…為代價(jià)，在損害…的情況下，歸…付費(fèi)>theircustomers-theaddicts.8、第四條輔助規(guī)則是能夠長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作和積累。還未致富的嗜酒者和吸毒者不太可能變?yōu)楦挥?。他們不能持久而努力的工作而掙得維持生計(jì)所必須的收入，而且即使有職業(yè)他們的工作會(huì)充滿不穩(wěn)定性。大多數(shù)人會(huì)酗酒、注射毒品、吸毒，而耗盡他們掙來的所有收入。而毒品供應(yīng)商將毫無疑問地以犧牲其顧客-癮君子為代價(jià)而發(fā)財(cái)。9.Fromourperspective<n觀點(diǎn)，看法>,becomingrichisreallyamatterofchoice.Opportunitytodosoabound<vi大量存在，充滿>.Ofcourse,recognizingthatyoucanchoosetobecomerichdoesnotmeanthatyoushould.Aswehavenoted,choosingtobecomerichrequiressacrifices<n犧牲，獻(xiàn)身，供奉，祭品v犧牲，獻(xiàn)出，供奉>thatmanypeoplequiterationally<adv理智地，理性地，講道理地>havechosennottomake.Onecanleadaliferichinsatisfactionandaccomplishment<成就，完成>withoutbecomingrichfinancially,andnothingwehavewrittenhereismeanttosuggestotherwise<另外，別的方式>.9、在我們看來(fromone’sperspective以某人的看法)，致富的確是選擇的問題。機(jī)會(huì)到處存在。當(dāng)然意識(shí)到可以選擇致富并不意味著應(yīng)該致富。正像我們所見，選擇致富需要犧牲，很多人很理智地不選擇發(fā)財(cái)。一個(gè)人雖然金錢上不富有，但可以生活得滿意而有成就。本篇所寫的內(nèi)容無意提相反建議。課后練習(xí)：1.Criticsoftenspeakof"therich"withnone-too-subtle_____,asifthoseattheverytopoftheincomeladderarealldishonestpeopleorasifbecomingrichisdifficultandmeansothersmustbecomepoorer.AdisappointmentBdisappearCdisdainDdisadvantage2.Whilewewouldbethefirsttoadmitthatsomerichpeoplearedishonest,wemustaddthatachievingthestatusof"therich"(defined,say,byhavinganetworthof$1,000,000)isnotparticularlydifficult,____popularwisdom.AcomparedtoBcontrarytoCcontracttoDcomplicatedby3.ThisfactsuggeststhatbecomingrichformostAmericansisamatterof____.AchooseBchoseCchoiceDchosen4.Oneoftherulesforbeingrichistoavoid_____temptations.AfrightBfrivolousCenormousDfriendly5.Thatiseasiersaidthandoneandwedonotnecessarilyrecommendthatallpeople_____apureandjoylesslife.AtoleadBmakeCshouldleadDshouldmake6.WemeanonlytopointoutthatthegreatmajorityofthosefourpercentofAmericanswho____$1.000,000innetworthgetto_____theyarebecausetheycontroltheirpleasures.Ahas/whereBhave/whereChad/whereDhave/what7.Forexample,richAmericansbuycarsthatareonaverageonlyslightlymoreexpensivethan_____lesswealthyAmericansbuy.AthatBthoseCtheseDthe8.Beingabletosaveandaccumulate_____wealthisnotautomatic.AconsiderateBcomfortableCconsiderableDmany9.Peoplemusthaveareasonableincomeinordertosaveamountsthatwill____wealth,whichrequiresseveralauxiliaryrulesforachievinganincomelevelthatwillallowforaminimumsavinglevel.AmakeofBmakeforCmakeinDmakeout10.Forthosewithoutinheritance,specialtalents,orgoodideas,becomingrichmeans_____aneducation.AtogetBgettingCtogettingDgiving11.Theincomeofhighschooldropoutsisabouttwo-thirds_____ofAmericanswithahighschooldiploma.A/BasCthatDthose12.Tohaveagoodchanceatbeingrich,though,mostindividuals(_____theluckyones)willneedatleastacollegeeducation,whichjustaboutwilldoubletheirincomesoverwhattheywouldhaveearnedwithonlyahighschooldiploma.AasBforCasideforDasto13.Aprofessionaldegreewill_____anaverageannualincomeofabouttwicethatofcollegegraduates(orsixtimesdieincomeofahighschooldropout).AresultfromBresultinCresultDresultant14.Thismeansthatthosewho_____ineducationdonothavetosaveashighapercentageofincometobecomerich_____retirement.Apay/atBcost/uponCinvest/atDspend/on15.However,inallprobability,educatedAmericanswillbericheratretirementsimplybecausetheywillbeabletosavemorealongthewayandbecausetheyarelikelytobesmarterandcanachieveahigherrateof____ontheirsavings.AturnBreturnCretellDturning16.Collegecostshavebeenrisingsteadily___familyincomelevelformorethanadecade.ArelatedtoBrelatingtoCrelativetoDrelationshipto17.Meanwhile,thecostofself-education_____themultitudeofsourcesofknowledgeandinformationavailableonCD-ROMsandtheInternet.AisfallenwithBfellasChasfallenwithDisfeltby18.Teacherswillfindgettingrichtougherthanengineers,_____theformercanexpecttoearnhalfasmuchovertheircareers.AgivingBgiveCgivenwhat