(浙江省選考)10月高考英語專題一高頻詞匯分類集訓(xùn)與語篇訓(xùn)練話題十四熱點(diǎn)話題

(浙江省選考)10月高考英語專題一高頻詞匯分類集訓(xùn)與語篇訓(xùn)練話題十四熱點(diǎn)話題LtDPAGEPAGE4話題十四熱點(diǎn)話題1．a(chǎn)ccidentn．事故；偶然的事件，意外byaccident偶然地2．benefitv．有益于；有助于；受益n．優(yōu)勢；益處benefitfrom/by從……中受益beofbenefitto＝bebeneficialto對……有益forone’sbenefit＝forthebenefitofsb.為某人的利益3．challengevt.懷疑；挑戰(zhàn)n．挑戰(zhàn)；難題；質(zhì)疑achallengeto對……的挑戰(zhàn)challengesb.to(do)sth.向某人挑戰(zhàn)(做)……4．competev．競爭；比賽competein...參加……的比賽atrisk處于危險(xiǎn)之中attheriskofsth./doingsth.冒著……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)take/runtheriskofdoingsth.冒險(xiǎn)做某事14．sacrificevt.犧牲，獻(xiàn)出；獻(xiàn)祭n．犧牲；供奉；祭品sacrificesth.todosth.犧牲……去做……sacrificefor為……作出犧牲15．servev．提供(食物)，端上(飯菜)；服役；供職于；服務(wù)；用作servesth.tosb.＝servesb.sth.給某人端上某物serveas當(dāng)作；作為16．sheltern．住所；藏身之處；庇護(hù)；避難所；遮蓋物v．庇護(hù)；躲避shelter...from...保護(hù)……免于……undertheshelterof在……的庇護(hù)下17．survivevi.幸存；活下來surviveon靠……存活下來18．trickn．詭計(jì)；騙局；惡作劇；戲弄v．欺騙playatrick/trickson/uponsb.欺騙某人；捉弄某人trickosth./into(doing)sth.誘使某人做某事19．volunteern．志愿者v．自愿做，義務(wù)做volunteertodo...自愿做……20．trouble短語getintotrouble陷入麻煩；陷入困境beintrouble有麻煩；碰到困難withouttrouble毫不費(fèi)力的，沒有麻煩的havetroublewithsth./(in)doing...(做)……有困難takethetroubletodo...不辭勞苦地做……Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Shehasafewthousanddollarsputawayforher(retire)．2．Tomrisked(lose)hisjobtohelpyououtofthetrouble.3．Theyoungmanvolunteered(stop)thedrunkenmenfromfighting.4．general，about10%ofthecandidatesareeventuallyofferedpositions.5．Hedreamedofmakingfortune.6．Wehopeyoursuggestionwillcontributeto(solve)theproblem.7．There’sbeensomefierce(compete)forthetitle.8．Mikefounda(challenge)jobasacomputerprogrammer.9．Astayinthecountrywillbe(benefit)tohishealth.10．Theycameacrossitaccident.11．wasamercythatshewasn’tseriouslyhurtandwaswaitinguntiltherescuearrived.12．It’sjustpossibleIgavethemthewrongdirections.13．Hepretended(know)theanswertotheproblemalready.14．Treesshelterthehousethewind.15．Itwillgreatlyincreaseyourchancesof(survive)．Ⅱ.根據(jù)要求完成句子1．他受到了贊揚(yáng)，因?yàn)樗爸ｋU(xiǎn)撲滅了大火。(一句多譯)①②2．在失去引擎動力之后，船員們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己只能任憑風(fēng)力擺布了。(mercy)Havinglostenginepower，theboat’screw.3．ThesestudentsarefortunatetohavesuchagoodEnglishteacher.(用it作形式主語改寫)4．Thenewregulationwillbeofbenefittoeveryoneconcerned.①(用beneficial改寫)②(用benefitfrom改寫)③(用benefit改寫)5．我們沒費(fèi)吹灰之力就找到了他的辦公室。(一句多譯)①②(一)閱讀理解Howoftendoyoucheckyourphone?AccordingtoastudyledbyNottinghamTrentUniversityinBritain，theaveragepersonlooksattheirphones86timesaday.Updatingtheirstatusonsocialmediaplatformsalsomadepeoplereachfortheirelectroniccompanionfrequently.Eventheparticipantsthoughtthatwasalot:thisfigureistwiceasoftenastheythoughttheydid.Ourphonesmightbeshapingourbehaviormorethanwerealize.Doyouactuallylookatyoursurroundingsmorethanatyourphone?Isitrudetocheckyourphonewhensomeoneistalkingtoyou?SherryTurkleinterviewedhundredsofcollegestudentsaboutthis.She’saprofessorofsocialstudiesattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Theytalkedaboutsomethingtheycalled“theruleofthree”．Therulehastodowithbeingconsideratetoothersdespitetheallure(誘惑力)ofthelittleflatbox.Turkleexplains,“Ifyougotodinnerwithfriends，youdon’twanttolookdownatyourphoneuntilyouseethatthreepeoplearelookingupintheconversation.Sothere’sanewrulewhereyoudon’tlookdownunlessthreepeoplearelookingupinordertokeepalittleconversationalive.”Actually，ifyouarecleverenoughyoumightuseyourphoneasatooltoconnectwithpeoplenexttoyou.Sharingabitofyourlifewiththemcanbringyouclosertogether.Andyoucanalsoinviteeveryonetotakeaselfie(自拍照)withyou.Butthebestthingtodealwithmobilephoneaddictionistogocoldturkeyandleavethemachinebehindoccasionallyorjustswitchitoffandkeepitfirmlyinyourpocketforawhile.1．Whydoestheauthormention“Howoftendoyoucheckyourphone？”inthefirstparagraph?A．Tostresstheimportanceofmobilephones.B．Toencouragereaderstousemobilephonesmore.C．Tointroduceatopictobediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs.D．Toknowhowreadersupdatetheirstatusonsocialmediaplatforms.2．IfJohnwasaparticipantusingthemobilephoneasoftenastheaverageinthestudy，howmanytimesdidhethinkhelookedathisphoneaweek?A．172. B．301.C．602. D．1204.3．What’sthepurposeof“theruleofthree”？A．Tokeepaconversationgoing.B．Tolookdownatyourphoneregularly.C．Totellreadershowtobeconsideratetoothers.D．Toremindreadersoftheimportanceofmobilephones.4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtherightwaytoavoidbeingaddictedtothemobilephone?A．Leavingithomesometimeswhenyougoout.B．GoingtoTurkeyforaholidayonceinawhile.C．Turnitoffonpurposenowandthen.D．Hideitsomewhereforthemoment.(二)七選五Bothmenandwomenarelivinglongerthesedaysinindustrializedcountries.5Ingeneral，theycanexpecttolivesixorsevenyearsmorethanmen.Onereasonforthisisbiological.Oneimportantbiologicalfactorthathelpswomenlivelongeristhedifferenceinhormonesbetweenmenandwomen.6Betweentheagesofabout12and50，womenproducehormonesthatareinvolvedinfertility(生育能力)．Thesehormonesalsohaveapositiveeffectontheheartandthebloodflow.Infact，womenarelesslikelytohavehighbloodpressureortodiefromheartattacks.7Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygetsicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen.Thecommoncoldisagoodexample:women，onaverage，getfewercoldsthanmen.8Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowgenesinfluenceaging，buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawoman’sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemoreslowlythanaman’s.Othersthinkthataman’sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.9A．However，women，onaverage，livelonger.B．Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart.C．Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes.D．Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway.E．Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities.F．Therefore，womenarehealthierthanmenandcanliveabetterlife.G．Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolvariousbodyfunctions.(三)完形填空AsIwastakingawalkwithmymom，Iaskedher，“Haveyoutakentheseniorbusyet？”IheldmybreathasIwaitedforher10.“Oh，yes.Ihave，”shesaid.“Howwasit？”Isaidthewordsas11asIcouldtoshowmyexcitement，eventhoughIsensedtheanswerwasnotgoingtobe12.Shesighedheavily，“Nooneever13onthatbus.Theyallsittherequietlyandlooksad.Ionlyseeaboutthirteen14oldladiesandmen.”My15forhersituationgraspedmystomach.Mydadhadrecentlypassedaway，andhissuddenleavemademymother16andfrightened.Forfifty-sevenyears，mydadhadwalkedbyherside.Momneverlearnedto17，soDaddrovehereverywhere.Now，herwheelsweregone，asonegrandchildsoproperly18hersituation.Iknewsheneededgreat19tomakethedecisiontotaketheseniorbus.However，Ifirmlybelievedthe20wouldn’tlasttoolong，forMomwassooutgoingandactivethatshecouldchatwithalmosteverybodywhomshemetinthestreet.Severaldayslater，whenIcametovisither，Iasked，“Dotheytalktoyounow？”She21andtherewasasparkle(火花)inhereyes.Itdidn’ttakeageniustofigureoutthatthe22hadchanged.“Itwassillythatallofusjustsatthere23sayingaword.SoonemorningwhenI24，Igreetedthemandthenremarkedthatwhatanicedayitwas.Soon，theybeganto25andwechattedhappily.Nowwearefriendsandalwayshavesomegood26onthebus，”shereplied.Mymotherheldthekeytothe27oftheotherlonelypeopleonthatbus.Asmileandsome28wordswereallittook.Shesowedtinyseedsof29forherselfandherfriendsonthebus.10．A.order B．instructionC．a(chǎn)nswer D．request11．A.fluently B．cheerfullyC．patiently D．quietly12．A.typical B．reasonableC．similar D．positive13．A.talks B．eatsC．drinks D．sleeps14．A.conservative B．depressedC．surprised D．cautious15．A.anger B．excitementC．sympathy D．forgiveness16．A.stubborn B．selfishC．a(chǎn)cute D．lonely17．A.drive B．cookC．dance D．paint18．A.planned B．describedC．copied D．handled19．A.support B．expectationC．patience D．courage20．A.silence B．friendshipC．a(chǎn)rgument D．impression21．A.complained B．smiledC．sobbed D．a(chǎn)ppeared22．A.situation B．hardshipC．decision D．topic23．A.for B．byC．without D．a(chǎn)fter24．A.passedby B．gotonC．stoodup D．setout25．A.apologize B．escapeC．bother D．respond26．A.conversations B．suggestionsC．examples D．a(chǎn)nalysis27．A.fortune B．heartsC．remarks D．relationship28．A.sensitive B．responsibleC．friendly D．official29．A.honesty B．happinessC．imagination D．freedom完形填空題所提供的是一篇具有完整意義的短文，其段與段、句與句、甚至詞與詞之間都有不可分割的、千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。因此考生在做題時(shí)不要只注意設(shè)空處所在的短語、句子或段落，還要善于從上下文中尋找相關(guān)的提示信息?？忌梢岳谜蛲茢喾?、逆向推斷法和正向逆合聯(lián)合推斷法尋找相關(guān)信息。正向推斷法要求考生利用已知信息推斷下文未知信息，當(dāng)然這兒所指的上文已知信息并不僅僅是靠近空格的上文已知信息，也包括離空格較遠(yuǎn)的甚至文章開頭的上文已知信息。考生應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀并分析上文內(nèi)容，弄清事實(shí)，并思考下文的發(fā)展方向，從而推斷下文的未知信息。逆向推斷法要求考生利用下文已知信息反向推斷上文未知信息，當(dāng)然這里所說的下文信息不僅指離空格較近的信息，還指離空格較遠(yuǎn)的甚至文章結(jié)尾處的下文信息。當(dāng)利用上文已知信息無法準(zhǔn)確推斷下文未知信息時(shí)，不能著急，應(yīng)沉著冷靜地閱讀下文，看下文哪些事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)是上文未知信息的延伸和發(fā)展，并由此推斷出空格處的未知信息。

答案解析話題詞匯梳理與對應(yīng)訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.1.retirement2.losing3.tostop4.Ipetition8.challenging9.beneficial10.by11.It12.that13.tohaveknown14.from15.survivalⅡ.1.①Hewaspraisedbecauseheriskedhislifetoputoutthebigfire.②Hewaspraisedbecausehetook/rantheriskoflosinghislifetoputoutthebigfire.2．foundthemselvesatthemercyofwind3．ItisfortunatethatthesestudentshavesuchagoodEnglishteacher.4．①Thenewregulationwillbebeneficialtoeveryoneconcerned.②Everyoneconcernedwillbenefitfromthenewregulation.③Thenewregulationwillbenefiteveryoneconcerned.5．①Wehadnotrouble(in)findinghisoffice.②Wefoundhisofficewithouttrouble.話題語篇訓(xùn)練(一)eq\x(語篇解讀你每天會查看手機(jī)多少次？你是不是玩手機(jī)上癮了？如何避免手機(jī)上癮？)1．C[寫作意圖題。作者開篇就以一個(gè)問題“Howoftendoyoucheckyourphone？”問讀者，其目的是引出下文將要討論的話題。]2．B[數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)第一段第二句及第二段第一句可知，據(jù)調(diào)查他們每天看手機(jī)的次數(shù)是86次，而這一實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)是他們所認(rèn)為的次數(shù)的兩倍。因此他認(rèn)為的一周看手機(jī)的次數(shù)應(yīng)為：86÷2×7＝301。]3．A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合第四段中Turkle的解釋“Sothere’sanewrulewhereyoudon’tlookdownunlessthreepeoplearelookingupinordertokeepalittleconservationalive.”可知，“三原則”的用意是使會話活躍地進(jìn)行。]4．B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者對避免手機(jī)上癮的建議是快速戒除(gocoldturkey)使用手機(jī)成癮的嗜好；偶爾不帶手機(jī)或關(guān)機(jī)并放在你的衣兜里一會兒不拿出來。故排除選項(xiàng)A、C和D。](二)5.A6.G