壓力為什么能讓你變胖？等2則外刊閱讀訓(xùn)練-高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)

外刊精讀精練壓力為什么能讓你變胖？導(dǎo)讀：每天要面對來自生活、工作的壓力對于很多現(xiàn)代人來說已是家常便飯，但隨之而來的是由壓力引起的健康隱患，包括睡眠不足和心臟疾病等。你知道嗎，除此之外，壓力還可以使人的體重增加，甚至導(dǎo)致肥胖？本集《外刊精讀》討論壓力可能讓人變胖的原因。一、語篇泛讀Vocabulary:nutritionandhealth詞匯：營養(yǎng)和健康Haveyoueverhadastressfulday?Manypeopledointhecourseoftheirdailylives.Andonthesehigh-pressuredays,theymightfindthemselvesreachingfora

sugarysnack.Perhapsthisispartoftheirdailyroutine.Orperhapsonthisparticularday,their

self-control

isabitlowandtheyfeel

compelled

totake

asugarhit.Stressisnatural.Thatfeelingofstrainorpressureisabiologicalresponse,andundertherightcircumstancescanbeagreatsourceofmotivation.However,toomuchstress,especially

chronicstress,hasbeenlinkedto

sleepdisruption,ahigherlikelihoodofa

stroke,heart-attack,

ulcer

or

depression,amongotherthings.

Butwhyshouldstressmakeaperson

comforteat?Dr.GilesYeo,amemberoftheBBC’sTrustMe,I’maDoctorteam,gottogetherwithscientistsfromLeedsUniversitytoconductanexperimentintotheeffectofstresson

bloodsugar.Dr.Yeowassubjectedtoastresstest.Inthefirststage,hewasforcedtoanswermathematicalquestionsrapidly.Inthesecond,hehadtoimmersehishandinabathofice-coldwaterforaperiodoftime.Beforeandafterthesetests,theLeedsscientistswouldmeasureDrYeo’sbloodsugarlevels.Thesearethelevelswhichrisewhenweeatasourbodytakesintheenergyofthefood.Inahealthyperson,theselevelsquicklyreturntonormal.However,whenDrYeowasbeingdeliberatelysubjectedtostress,hisbloodsugartooksixtimeslongertodropthanona

stress-free

day.Whenwebecomestressed,ourbodiesenter‘fightorflight’mode.Becauseourbodybelievesit’sunderattack,itreleases

glucose

intothebloodtoprovideenergyformuscles.However,ifwedon’tusethatenergy,ourbodythenreleases

insulin

tomakethebloodsugarlevelsdrop.Thisdropcausesahungerresponse:youwanttoeat.Andwhatyouparticularlycraveissugaryfood,whichrapidlyreplenishestheenergyyouhavelost.Ifthishappensrepeatedly,overalongenoughperiod,these

high-calorie

foodscanleadto

obesity.Sowhatcanwedoto

combat

the

stress?InanarticlefortheBBC,DrMichaelMosleyrecommends‘stress-busting’techniques,likeexercise,gardening,mindfulnessoranotheractivitythatyouenjoy.Buthisstrongestrecommendationistryingtogetagoodnight’ssleep.ArecentstudycarriedoutbyresearchersatKing'sCollege,Londonfoundthatifyoudeprivedpeopleofsleep,theywouldconsume,onaverage,anextra385kcalperday,whichisequivalenttothecaloriesinalargemuffin.So,trysleepingtodecreasestress,andasaresultmakeiteasierto

keepyourself

alittle

trimmer.二、詞匯表sugarysnack含糖的零食

self-control自控力

compelled不得不地

asugarhit由糖帶來的一時的刺激

chronicstress慢性壓力，長期不斷的壓力

sleepdisruption睡眠中斷

stroke中風(fēng)

heart-attack心臟病發(fā)作

ulcer潰瘍

depression抑郁，憂郁

comforteat安慰性飲食

bloodsugar血糖

stress-free無壓力的

glucose葡萄糖

insulin胰島素

high-calorie高熱量的

obesity肥胖

combatstress克服、對抗壓力

stress-busting減壓的

keepyourselftrimmer使你保持苗條身材三、測試與練習(xí)閱讀課文并回答問題。1.Trueorfalse:

Stressisalwaysnegative.2.

Whathaschronicstressbeenlinkedto?3.

HowmuchlongerdidittakeDrYeo’sbloodsugartodropafterthestresstestthanonastress-freeday?4.

Whydowecravesugaryfoodinparticularwhenourbloodsugarislow?5.

Howcanwebestcombatstress?請在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。1.

John!That’smorethanenoughchocolatenow.You’llbeill.Havesome______.

sugarysnack

self-control

bloodsugar

high-calorie2.

He’sakleptomaniac.Itmeanshe’s______tosteal.Hecan’thelpit.It’spelled

chronic

disruption

stress-free3.

Whenmymotherwaspregnant,shereally______figs.stroke

depression

craved

combatted4.

Withtheavailabilityofcheaphigh-caloriefoods,theUKnowhasaproblemwith______.chronicstress

sleepdisruption

depression

obesity5.

Sincehebrokeupwithher,Janehasn’tstopped______.She’sgettingreallybig.sugarhitting

heart-attacking

comforteating

combattingstress【參考答案】

閱讀課文并回答問題。1.Trueorfalse:

Stressisalwaysnegative.

False.Thatfeelingofstrainorpressureisabiologicalresponse,andundertherightcircumstancescanbeagreatsourceofmotivation.2.Whathaschronicstressbeenlinkedto?

Ithasbeenlinkedtosleepdisruption,ahigherlikelihoodofastroke,heart-attack,ulcerordepression,amongotherthings.3.HowmuchlongerdidittakeDrYeo’sbloodsugartodropafterthestresstestthanonastress-freeday?

WhenDrYeowasbeingdeliberatelysubjectedtostress,hisbloodsugartooksixtimeslongertodropthanonastress-freeday.4.Whydowecravesugaryfoodinparticularwhenourbloodsugarislow?

Sugaryfoodrapidlyreplenishestheenergyyouhavelost.

5.Howcanwebestcombatstress?

Wecanbestcombatstressbytryingtogetagoodnight’ssleep.

請在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。1.John!That’smorethanenoughchocolatenow.You’llbeill.Havesome

self-control.2.He’sakleptomaniac.Itmeanshe’s

compelled

tosteal.Hecan’thelpit.It’sbiological.3.Whenmymotherwaspregnant,shereally

craved

figs.4.Withtheavailabilityofcheaphigh-caloriefoods,theUKnowhasaproblemwith

obesity.5.Sincehebrokeupwithher,Janehasn’tstopped

comforteating.She’sgettingreallybig.多晚算太晚？導(dǎo)讀：你也許聽說過“betterlatethannever晚來總比不來強”這個說法。那么，到底多晚算太晚？生活在不同文化背景中的人，對時間的概念、對“遲到”的定義大相徑庭。本集《外刊精讀》帶你了解來自不同國家的人對“遲到”的定義和看法。一、語篇泛讀Vocabulary:time詞匯：時間Timeflies,orsotheysay.Nomatterwhereyouare,humansareconstantlymeasuringandcheckingtime.Someofusaregoodatit–planninganddoingthingsway

aheadoftime

-whileothersarealwaystryingto

beattheclock

anddothings

attheeleventhhour.Andthat’sonlyifyou’re

ontime.Whataboutifyouare

behindtime?Tardiness

canbeserious.Ifyouwereoneminutelateforwork,wouldyouresign?Itmaysoundextremetomanyofus,butthatisexactlywhatoccurredintheUKupperchamberofparliament,theHouseofLords,inJanuary2018.InternationaldevelopmentministerLordBatesarrivedoneminutelate,and,asaresult,wasunabletoanswera

scheduled

question.Insteadoftryingto

makeupforlosttime,asmanymightdo,heresignedonthespot.Heapologizedforhisdiscourtesyandstatedthathewasashamed.Hisresignation,though,wasnotacceptedbytheUKprimeminister.So,how

late

istoolate?Manyculturestake

punctuality

veryseriously,whereasothersseemtoaccept

lagging

behindasjustthenormalwayofthings.MembersoftheBBCfromvariousdifferentcultureswereaskedabouttheconceptof

timekeeping

intheirnativecountriesandrespondedwitharaftofanswers.BBCemployeesfromLatinAmerica,RwandaandSriLankasaidthattherearemoreflexibleattitudestotimekeepingintheircultures.InLatinAmerica,thingsmayhappenfiveminutes,20minutes,anhouroreventwoaftertheywereplanned.Whereas,inSriLanka,latenessisapartofthedailyroutine.Thisisbecauseofpoorinfrastructureandheavytrafficconditions.InRwanda,thosewhoattendto

deadlines

with

rigid

timekeeping

aresaidtobe‘likeatypicalEuropean’.Thisisinaplacewhereitisnotunusualtoarriveat11amforameetingwhichstartedatnine.Ontheotherhand,GermanandJapaneseemployeesmentionedastricteradherencetotime.InJapan,itiscommontomakeanefforttoarrive

withtimetospare

foranappointment.Thosewhoarrived

atthestrokeof

ninetoameetingstartingatninea.m.wouldbeconsideredlate.InGermany,however,ifadinnerpartyweretobeginateight,apersonwhohadarrivedfiveminutes

prior,maywalkaroundtheblocktoensurethattheyarriveateight

onthedot.Itseemsthattheanswerissubjective,andwhatisconsideredacceptableisbasedonculture.Thatsaid,ifyoudon’tmindwaiting,itmightbebesttoattendyourappointments

ingoodtime.Andiftheworstcomestotheworst,remembertheoldEnglishproverb.

Betterlatethannever.二、詞匯表timeflies時光飛逝

aheadoftime提前

beattheclock“戰(zhàn)勝時間”，提前完成工作，趕時間（做某事）

attheeleventhhour在最后一刻，在最后時刻

ontime按時，準時

behindtime遲到

tardiness延遲，拖拉

scheduled已安排的

makeupforlosttime彌補失去的時間

late晚的，遲的

punctuality

準時性，守時

lag掉隊，滯后

timekeeping守時

deadline截至日期，最后期限

rigidtimekeeping嚴格的時間規(guī)定

withtimetospare有富余時間

atthestrokeof剛好在…的時候

prior在…之前

onthedot準時

ingoodtime提早，有充裕時間的

betterlatethannever晚來總比不來強；遲做總比不做好三、測試與練習(xí)

閱讀課文并回答問題。1.WhatdidLordBatesdowhenhearrivedlateattheHouseofLordsinJanuary2018?2.Trueorfalse:

Allcultureshavethesameattitudetowardspunctuality.3.Whichthreeculturesmentionedinthetexthaveamoreflexibleattitudetotimekeeping?4.WhatwouldGermanpeopledoiftheyfoundthemselvesfiveminutesearlyforaparty?5.Whichwordinthetextmeans‘rudeness’?

請在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。1.LadiesandGentlemen.Duetoourspeedytakeoffandthecalmweather,Iampleasedtosaywearecurrently15minutes______.ontime

behindtime

late

aheadoftime2.Ifyou’regoingtoworkontherailroad,you’llneed______.Youcan’tbelatebyevenhalfaminute.tardiness

scheduled

onthedot

rigidtimekeeping3.TheregistersaidIwaslate,butactuallyIarrived5minutes______totherecordedtime.ingoodtime

prior

withtimetospare

lagging4.TheysaythattheghostwillappearonOctober31st______midnight.ontime

scheduled

atthestrokeof

onthedot5.Ihadtoquit.Ilovedthework,butIcouldn’tdealwithallthe______.Youneverhadenoughtimetodoanything.tardiness

deadlines

lagging

ingoodtime【參考答案】閱讀課文并回答問題。1.WhatdidLordBatesdowhenhearrivedoneminutelateattheHouseofLordsinJanuary2018?

Heapologisedforhisdiscourtesyandstatedthathewasashamed.Hethenresignedonthespot.

2.Trueorfalse:

Allcultureshavethesameattitudetowardspunctuality.

False.

Manyculturestakepunctualityveryseriously,whereasothersseem