閱讀高階完成考研強(qiáng)化階段測(cè)評(píng)

考研英語(yǔ)強(qiáng)化階段試題(共12題Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Sometimesit’sjusthardtochoose.You’reinarestaurantandthewaiterhashispenattheready.Asyouhesitate,hegraduallybeginstotakeacloseinterestintheceiling,hisfingernails,theninyourdiningpartner.Eachdishonthe esablurasyourollyoureyesupanddowninagrowingpanic.Finally,youdesperayoptforsomethingthatturnsouttobewhatyouhate.Itseemsthatweneeddevicestoprotectusfromourhopelessnessatdecidingbetween57barelydifferentiatedvarietiesofstuff—betheyTVchannels,gourmetcoffee,downloadableringtones,orperhaps,ultimayeveninterchangeablelovers.Thisthoughtisopposedtoourernment’sphilosophy,whichsuggeststhatgreaterchoiceoverrailways,electricityrsandeducationwillmakeushappy.Inmyexperience,theydoanythingPerhapsthehappiestpeoplearethosewhodonothavemuchchoiceandaren’tconfrontedbythemiseryofendlesschoice.True,thatmiserymaynotbeobvioustopeoplewhodon’thaveavarietyofluxuries.IfyouliveinMadagascar,say,whereaveragelifeexpectancyisbelow40andtheydon’thavedigitalTVorStarbucks,youmightnotbeimpressedbytheanxietyandperpetualstressourdecision-makingparalysiscauses.Choicewasn’tsupposedtomakepeoplemiserable.Itwassupposedtobethehallmarkofself-determinationthatwesocherishinmodemsociety.Butitobviouslyisn’t:evermorechoiceincreasesthefeelingofmissedopportunities,andthisleadstoself-blamewhenchoicesfailtomeetexpectations.Whatistobedone?AnewbookbyanAmericansocialscientist,BarrySchwartz,calledTheParadoxofChoice,suggeststhatreducingchoicescanlimitanxiety.Schwartzoffersaself-helpguidetogooddecision-makingthathelpsustolimitourchoicestoamanageablenumber,andultimayderivegreatersatisfactionfromthechoiceswemake.ButonceyourealizethatyourSchwartzianfiltersaredeprivingyouofsomethingyoumighthavefoundenjoyable,youwillexperiencethesameanxietyasbefore,worryingthatyoumadethewrongdecisionindrawingupyourchoice-limitingfilters.Arguably,wewillalwaysbedoomedtobuyers’remorseandthemiseryitentails.TheproblemofchoiceisperhapsmoredifficultthanSchwartzallows.道、咖啡、可的鈴聲，或者最終甚至是可以相互交換的。這種想法與我們的運(yùn)作哲學(xué)正好相反，后者認(rèn)為在鐵blurn.模糊，模糊不清的事物panicn.，驚慌differentiatev.區(qū)別；區(qū)分luxuryn.奢侈品hallmarkn.標(biāo)志，特征remorsen.懊悔，悔恨 1Thewaitermentionedinthefirstparagraphwouldagreethatgivenavarietyof [A]itispossibletogettoknowhiscustomer’s[B]itisimpoliteforhiscustomertoorderwith[C]itisdifficultforhiscustomertoexpectquality[D]itiscommonforhiscustomertohesitateinorderinga Thewaitermentionedinthefirstparagraphwouldagreethatgivenavarietyof [A]itispossibletogettoknowhiscustomer’spartner[B]itisimpoliteforhiscustomertoorderwithhesitation[C]itisdifficultforhiscustomertoexpectquality[D]itiscommonforhiscustomertohesitateinorderinga答案為D。細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段的結(jié)構(gòu)很清晰，第一句是句：有時(shí)候要做出選擇就是很難。接下來(lái)作者列舉了一個(gè)具體的場(chǎng)景，該場(chǎng)景描述的是顧客在點(diǎn)菜時(shí)猶豫不決，而服務(wù)生就逐漸對(duì)一些與點(diǎn)菜毫不相關(guān)的事情產(chǎn)生?？梢?jiàn)，在服務(wù)生的眼中，顧客點(diǎn)菜時(shí)猶豫不決是很常見(jiàn)的。因此選項(xiàng)D是正確答案。 2Itisimpliedthatitis ernment’sintention [A]improvethequalityofTV[B]trytooffergreaterchoiceoverpublicservice[C]makepeoplerealizethatsomeloversare[D]encouragethedownloadingofavarietyofring Itisimpliedthatitis ernment’sintention .文章暗示的意圖 [A]improvethequalityofTV[B]trytooffergreaterchoiceoverpublicservicesystems盡力在公共服務(wù)體系方面提供選[c]makepeoplerealizethatsomeloversare[D]encouragethedownloadingofavarietyofringtones鼓勵(lì)各種鈴答案為B。推理題。首先根據(jù)題干中的 nnt’sntnton定位至文章第二段例數(shù)第二句，Thsthoughtsopposdeushpp.這句話(huà)中的Thsthought指的就是該段首句所說(shuō)的看起來(lái)我們似乎需要一些來(lái)保護(hù)自己，使自己免受從57種鮮有差別的物品中做選擇時(shí)那種絕望感的困擾。而的哲學(xué)好和這種想法相反，認(rèn)為，在鐵路、電力供應(yīng)和教育方面提供的選擇可以讓我們快樂(lè)。選項(xiàng)A和D均屬不相關(guān)信息，應(yīng)排除；選項(xiàng)C太荒謬，憑就可以排除；正確答案是B選項(xiàng)，公共服務(wù)體系就是將原文中的鐵路、電力供應(yīng)和教育抽象化了。 3Wecaninferthattheauthor’sattitudetowardschoiceis [A]themorechoicewehave,themoredomwecan[B]endlesschoicehasonlymadeusmore[C]itiseasyforpeopletomakeawrongdecisionwithfew[D]beforewemakedecisions,wewantasmanychoicesas Wecaninferthattheauthor’sattitudetowardschoiceis [A]themorechoicewehave，themoredomwecan[B]endlesschoicehasonlymadeusmore[C]itiseasyforpeopletomakeawrongdecisionwithfew[D]beforewemakedecisions，wewantasmanychoicesas答案為B的句是有的時(shí)候要做出選擇就是如此；第二段開(kāi)頭說(shuō)看起來(lái)我們似乎需要一些來(lái)保護(hù)自己，使自己免受從57種鮮有差別的物品中做選擇時(shí)那種絕望感的困擾就我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)看，這些東西根本沒(méi)法讓人快樂(lè)。選項(xiàng)B與該句意思相同，是正確答案。原文thydonthngbut中but后面省略的部分就是eushpp。 4FromBarrySchwartz’sbook,TheParadoxofChoice,wecan mendationtips [A]howtohandlethesituationofcapitalist[B]howtodealwithyourexpense[C]howtoavoidthefeelingofmissed[D]howtosavemoneybymakingaright FromBarrySchwartz’sbook，TheParadoxofChoice，wecan mendationtips. [A]howtohandlethesituationof[B]howtodealwithyourexpense[D]howtosavemoneybymakingaright 答案為C。細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第四段說(shuō)，擇得了的出達(dá)預(yù)期效果時(shí)又會(huì)令我們自責(zé)。該怎么辦這是提出要解決的問(wèn)題，接著就向讀者介紹《選擇的悖論》一建議：減少選擇可以減少焦慮感因此選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。選項(xiàng)A、B和D原文均未提到。 5WemayconcludethatitisNOToneoftheauthor’spurposes [A]stresstheproblemof[C]makeanysisofbuyers’[D]promotethenewbookTheParadoxof WemayconcludethatitisNOToneoftheauthor’spurposes [A]stresstheproblemofchoice[B]discussdecision-making[C]make ysisofbuyers’[D]promotethenewbookTheParadoxof答案為D。是非判斷題。本文的結(jié)構(gòu)是：作者在開(kāi)篇就提出了選擇的問(wèn)題，選擇是令人痛苦的；接著討論了做選擇會(huì)什么樣的焦慮以及避免焦慮的建議；最后說(shuō)這些建議了你可能會(huì)有的樂(lè)趣，你又將經(jīng)歷與做選擇時(shí)一樣的痛苦。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D不是作者的寫(xiě)作目的，因此是正確答案。Manythingsmakepeoplethinksareweird—theoddhours,thenonconformity,theclovecigarettes.However,theweirdestmaybethis:s’onlyjobsaretoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeellousy.Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moresbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boring.Inthe20thcentury,classicalmusicbecamemoreatonal,visualartmoreSure,therehavebeenexceptions,butitwouldnotbeastretchtosaythatforthepastcenturyorso,seriousarthasbeenatwarwithhappiness.In1824,Beethovencompletedhis"OdetoJoy".In1962,novelistAnthonyBurgessuseditinAClockworkOrangeasthefavoritemusicofhisultra-violentantihero.Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemodemtimeshaveseensuchmisery.Butthemasonmayactuallybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchhappinessintheworldtoday.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandlicy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.TodaythemessagesthattheaverageWesternerisbombardedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andrelentlesslyhappy.Sincethesemessageshaveanagenda—topryourwalletsfromourpockets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseembogus."Celebrate!"commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattack.Whatweforget—whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting—isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedsomeonetolusthatitisOKnottobehappy,thatsadnessmakeshappinessdeeper.AsthewineconnoisseurmovieSidewayslsus,itisthekissofdecayandmortalitythatmakesgrapejuiceintoPinotNoir.Weneedarttolus,asreligiononcedid,thatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,isabreathoffreshair.weirda.奇異 lousya.令人不快 insipida.平淡的，乏味atonala.無(wú)調(diào) skepticala.懷疑bombardv.不斷，不斷提出問(wèn) relentlesslyad.持續(xù)bogusa.假裝的，arthritisn.關(guān)節(jié)mortalityn. 6Whatisthestrangest [A]Theywearspecial[B]Theyrarelyworkinthe[C]Theymainlydepictdistressing[D]Theyareliabletotakeillegal Whatisthestrangestabout[B]Theyrarelyworkinthe[C]Theymainlydepictdistressing[D]Theyareliabletotakeillegal答案為C。細(xì)節(jié)題。原文第一句話(huà)就說(shuō)，很多事情致使人們覺(jué)得藝術(shù)家們怪誕詭異個(gè)現(xiàn)象：他們唯一的工作就是探究各種情感，而他們所選擇的探究重點(diǎn)卻是那些令人不快的情感。這道題考查的其實(shí)就是考生對(duì)詞匯ous的理解，該詞意為ypnfulorunpsnt非常痛苦的或不愉快的，因此，正確答案應(yīng)該是C選項(xiàng)。 7Theexamplethat"OdetoJoy"wasusedinBurgess’snovelismeanttoillustrate [B]violentpeoplehaveastrongdesiretobe[C]seriousartisoftencontradictorywith[D]musicisenjoyedbygoodandbadpeople Theexamplethat“OdetoJoy”wasusedinBurgess’snovelismeanttoillustrate [A]musiciansandnovelistsshare ic[C]seriousartisoftencontradictorywith[D]musicisenjoyedbygoodandbadpeople答案為C。例證題。我們知道，作者舉例不是為了說(shuō)明事實(shí)而是為了證明觀(guān)點(diǎn)，因此解答例證題的關(guān)鍵是能否找到例子要說(shuō)明的觀(guān)點(diǎn)或者支持此觀(guān)點(diǎn)的例子，而非能否看懂例子本身。根據(jù)歡樂(lè)頌可以定位到文章第二段，第一句就是本段的觀(guān)點(diǎn)：嚴(yán)肅藝術(shù)一直與歡樂(lè)格格不入。顯然后面小說(shuō)這個(gè)例子就是用來(lái)說(shuō)明這一觀(guān)點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A音樂(lè)家和小說(shuō)家有相似的藝術(shù)品位是個(gè)貌似客觀(guān)的選項(xiàng)，實(shí)際上是對(duì)例子的詮釋?zhuān)抢右f(shuō)明的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。 8Theword"Celebrex"inthe [A]misleadspeopleintobuyingdangerous[B]remindspeopleofacheerful[C]boastsoftheeffectivenessofa[D]comesfromareligious Theword“Celebrex”inthe .中Celebrex這個(gè) [A]misleadspeopleintobuyingdangerous[B]remindspeopleofacheerful[C]boastsoftheeffectivenessofa[D]comesfromareligious答案為B。詞匯題。說(shuō)到，考生們可能會(huì)想到誤導(dǎo)、吹捧之類(lèi)的字眼兒，這也是選項(xiàng)A和C的干擾性所在。第四段末尾提到這種叫Cbrx的藥物時(shí)，確實(shí)提到其副作用——可能會(huì)提高患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但不能由此推出A選項(xiàng)。Cbrx這個(gè)品牌讓人聯(lián)想起brt慶祝這個(gè)詞，而文中也說(shuō)該要人們brt，而人們只有在遇到高興的事情時(shí)才會(huì)慶祝，結(jié)合本文的可知B選項(xiàng)是正確答案。 9Howcouldtheeconomydependonourforgetting[A]Theeconomywouldnotbeboostedifeverybodywas[B]Therearemanynewproductsdesignedforthe[C]Wepayheavilyforforgettingthings[D]Peoplewillspendmoremoneyifwebelieveineasy Howcouldtheeconomydependonourforgettingthings經(jīng)濟(jì)是怎樣依賴(lài)我們的遺忘的?[A]Theeconomywouldnotbeboostedifeverybodywassatisfied.[B]Therearemanynewproductsdesignedfortheforgetful.[C]Wepayheavilyforforgettingthings[D]Peoplewillspendmoremoneyifwebelieveineasy 答案為D。細(xì)節(jié)題。原文末段首句講到，忘了不快的我的這種遺忘。言下之意是，人們認(rèn)為就是無(wú)痛苦的快樂(lè)，是可以輕易獲得的，這支撐了我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)即人們花10Whatdoestheauthorimplywiththemovie[A]Happinesscanbefoundthroughpainsand[C]Happinessmakessadness[D]Happinessisnotagood WhatdoestheauthorimplywiththemovieSideways?作者以《杯酒人生》暗示什么?[A]Happinesscanbefoundthroughpainsandefforts.[B]Happinesscomeswheneverything[D]Happinessisnotagood答案為A恰是腐壞和之物。這句話(huà)以s正如開(kāi)頭，和前面一句話(huà)應(yīng)該是對(duì)等關(guān)系，其實(shí)就是sdnssshppnssdp的比喻，說(shuō)明快樂(lè)和痛苦的關(guān)系，與文章相扣。因此A選項(xiàng)是正確答案。 11Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Onebasicweaknessinaconservationsystembasedwhollyoneconomicmotivesisthatmostmembersofthelandcommunityhavenoeconomicvalue.Yetthesecreaturesaremembersofthebioticcommunityand,ifitsstabilitydependsonitsintegrity,theyareentitledtocontinuance.Whenoneofthesenoneconomiccategoriesisthreatenedand,ifwehappentoloveit,weinventexcusestogiveiteconomicimportance.Atthebeginningofthecenturysongbirdsweresupposedtobedisappearing.(1)Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.Theevidencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.Itispainfultoreadtheseroundaboutaccountstoday.Wehavenolandethicyet,(2)butwehaveatleastdrawnnearerthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.Aparallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymlsandfish-eatingbirds.(3)Timewasbiologistssomewhatoverworkedtheevidencethatthesecreaturespreservethehealthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweak,orthattheypreyonlyon“worthlesss”species.Hereagain,theevidencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.Itisonlyinrecentyearsthatwehearthemorehonestargumentthatpredatorsaremembersofthecommunity,andthatnospecialinteresthastherighttoexterminatethemforthesakeofabenefit,realorfancied,toitself.Somespeciesoftreeshavebeen“readoutoftheparty”byeconomics-mindedersbecausetheygrowtooslowly,orhavetoolowasalevaluetopayastimbercrops.(4)InEurope,whereryisecologicallymoreadvanced,the mercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofthenativecommunity,tobepassuch,withinreason.Moreover,somehavebeenfoundtohaveavaluablefunctioninbuildingupsoilfertility.Theinterdependenceoftheanditsconstituenttreespecies,groundflora,andfaunaistakenforgranted.Tosumup:asystemofconservationbasedsolelyoneconomicself-interestishopelesslylopsided.(5)Ittendstoignore,andthuseventuallytoeliminate,manyelementsinthelandcommunitythatlackcommercialvalue,butthatareessentialtoitshealthyfunctioning.Itassumes,falsely,thattheeconomicpartsofthebioticclockwillfunctionwithouttheeconomicparts.科學(xué)家們迅速進(jìn)行救援，但 顯然站不住腳，這些的大意是，如果鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)不能控制昆蟲(chóng)的數(shù)量，昆蟲(chóng)便會(huì)將人類(lèi)吞噬。但是我們至少已經(jīng)幾乎承認(rèn)，不管鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)對(duì)我們而言有沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值，出于其本身固有的權(quán)利，它們都應(yīng)生存下去。曾經(jīng)有段時(shí)間，科學(xué)家們有點(diǎn)了這樣一種，即這些生物通過(guò)殺死體弱者來(lái)保持獵物種群的健康，或者說(shuō)它們僅僅捕食“沒(méi)有價(jià)值的”物種。在林業(yè)生態(tài)更為發(fā)達(dá)的歐洲，沒(méi)有的樹(shù)種被合理地視為土生森林群落的成員，因此會(huì)得到相應(yīng)的保護(hù)。這種保護(hù)系統(tǒng)往往忽視陸地群落中諸多缺乏、但對(duì)陸地群落健康運(yùn)行至關(guān)重要的物種，而最終導(dǎo)致它們的?？茖W(xué)家們迅速進(jìn)行救援，但 顯然站不住腳，這些的大意是，如果鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)不能控制昆蟲(chóng)的數(shù)量，昆蟲(chóng)便會(huì)將人類(lèi)吞噬。但是我們至少已經(jīng)幾乎承認(rèn)，不管鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)對(duì)我們而言有沒(méi)有經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值，出于其本身固有的權(quán)利，它們都應(yīng)生存下去。曾經(jīng)有段時(shí)間，科學(xué)家們有點(diǎn)了這樣一種，即這些生物通過(guò)殺死體弱者來(lái)保持獵物種群的健康，或者說(shuō)它們僅僅捕食“沒(méi)有價(jià)值的”物種。在林業(yè)生態(tài)更為發(fā)達(dá)的歐洲，沒(méi)有的樹(shù)種被合理地視為土生森林群落的成員，因此會(huì)得到這種保護(hù)系統(tǒng)往往忽視陸地群落中諸多缺乏、但對(duì)陸地群落健康運(yùn)行至關(guān)重要的物種，而最終導(dǎo)致它們的。本句的主干為scientistsjumpedtotherescue…。with引導(dǎo)的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)；totheeffect本句的主干為ehave…dawnnearerthepoint…。ofadmttngthat…作主句賓語(yǔ)pont的后置定語(yǔ)，其中that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作動(dòng)名詞admitting的賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句中又包含一個(gè)由regardessof引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)作讓步狀語(yǔ)。本句主干為T(mén)imewaswhen…。when引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句的主干為：biologistsoverworkedtheevidence；本句的主干為…thetreespeciesarerecognizedasmembers…。inEurope為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，其后where引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)其進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，tobep assuch在句中作插入語(yǔ)，withinreason作方式狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)arerecognized。本句主干為Ittendstoignoreand…toeliminatemanyelements…。tendstoignoreand…to 12Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)SincethedaysofAristotle,asearchforuniversalprincipleshascharacterizedthescientificenterprise.Insomeways,thisquestforcommonalitiesdefinesscience.Newton’slawsofmotionandDarwinianevolutioneachbindahostofdifferentphenomenaintoasingleexplicatoryframework.(1)Inphysics,oneapproachtakesthisimpulseforunificationtoitsextreme,andseeksatheoryofeverything—asinglegenerativeequationforallwesee.Itis inglessclear,however,thatsuchatheorywouldbeasimplification,giventhedimensionsanduniversesthatitmightentail,nonetheless,unificationofsortsremainsamajorgoal.Thistendencyinthenaturalscienceshaslongbeenevidentinthesocialsciencestoo.(2)Here,Darwinismseemstoofferjustificationforitallhumanssharecommonoriginsitseemsreasonabletosupposethatculturaldiversitycouldalsobetracedtomoreconstrainedbeginnings.Justasthebewilderingvarietyofhumancourtshipritualsmightallbeconsideredformsofualselection,perhapstheworld’slanguages,music,socialandreligiouscustomsandevenhistoryareernedbyuniversalfeatures.(3)Tofilteroutwhatisuniquefromwhatissharedmightenableustounderstandhowcomplexculturalbehavioraroseandwhatguidesitinevolutionaryorcognitiveterms.That,atleast,isthehope.Butacomparativestudyoflinguistictraitspublishedonlinetodaysarealitycheck.RussellGrayattheUniversityofAucklandandhiscolleaguesconsidertheevolutionofgrrsinthelightoftwopreviousattemptstofinduniversalityinlanguage.ThemostfamousoftheseeffortswasinitiatedbyNoamChomsky,whosuggestedthathumansarebornwithaninnatelanguage—acquisitioncapacitythatdictatesauniversalgrr.Afewgenerativerulesarethensufficienttounfoldtheentirefundamentalstructureofalanguage,whichiswhychildrencanlearnitso(4)Thesecond,byJoshuaGreenberg,takesamoreempiricalapproachtouniversalityidentifyingtraits(particularlyinwordorder)sharedbymanylanguagewhichareconsideredtorepresentbiasesthatresultfromcognitiveconstraints.Grayandhiscolleagueshaveputthemtothetestbyexaminingfourfamilytreesthatbetweenthemrepresentmorethan2,000languages.(5)Chomsky’sgrrshouldshowpatternsoflanguagechangethatareindependentofthefamilytreeorthepathwaytrackedthroughit.WhereasGreenbergianuniversalitypredictsstrongco-dependenciesbetweenpartic