初中英語 被動語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)課件

第21講:被動語態(tài)之用法歸納語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,表示句子中主語和謂語動詞的關(guān)系,主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。只有及物動詞才能用于被動語態(tài)。

一．被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)：

1.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：

am/is/are+動詞的過去分詞

2.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：

was/were+動詞的過去分詞

3.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：

willbe+動詞的過去分詞

4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)：

am/is/are+being+動詞的過去分詞

5.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：

have/has+been+動詞的過去分詞

6.情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：

情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞

二．被動語態(tài)的基本用法:

(1)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時

TheGreatWallisenjoyedbymillionsofpeopleallovertheworld

Englishiswidelyspokenintheworldnow.

(2)不知道或沒必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時

Mr.Wangisinvitedtothemeetingtoday.

Theproblemisdealtwithnow.

(3)當(dāng)說話人需要強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀時

Itissaidthatshewasabeautywhenshewasyoung.

三．主動主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的變法：

口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂變bedone,時不變，數(shù)格必須隨被變。

注：1.主動、被動的時態(tài)要一致。

2.主動、被動的句式要一致。

3.變成的被動語態(tài)的主語與謂語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。

語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換不被動語態(tài)的步驟

1,把原主動句中的賓語轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)的主語

2,把動詞改為被動語態(tài)形式即"be+過去分詞"。

3,原來主動語態(tài)句子中的主語,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的賓格形式出現(xiàn)(因為by是介詞,后面需跟賓格作介詞的賓語。)以指明做事的人或物,如果沒有必要,可以省略。

4,其它成分不變

5,被動語態(tài)中"by+賓語"的省略

被動語態(tài)句式中的"by+賓語"表示及物動詞所表示動作的執(zhí)行者,但是在遇到以下情況時,表示動作執(zhí)行者"by+賓語"常常被省略。

(1)動作執(zhí)行者不確定時

Paperismadefromwood.

Manypeoplearekilledintrafficaccidentseveryyear.

(2)不必表明動作執(zhí)行者時

Englishisalsospokenasthesecondlanguageaswellasoneoftheofficiallanguages

Footballisplayedinmostschools。

(3)動作執(zhí)行者為一般大眾時

BothEnglishandSpanisharespokeninthisarea.

一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的基本句式

(1)肯定式:主語+was/were+過去分詞+by

ItwasmadeinBeijingRen'aiEducationInstitute.

(2)否定式:主語+was/were+not+過去分詞+by

Shewasnotgivenapanitingbyhim.

Thisquestionwasnotdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday.

(3)一般疑問句:Was/Were+主語+過去分詞+by?

Wasitmadeofbamboo?

(4)特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+was/were+過去分詞+by

Whatwasismadeof?

教你一招

如果句子為一般現(xiàn)在時,主動語態(tài)用do/does,被動語態(tài)用is/am/are

如果句子為一般過去時,主動語態(tài)用did,被動語態(tài)用was/were.

由情態(tài)動詞構(gòu)成的被動語態(tài)的基本句式

(1)肯定式:主語+情態(tài)動詞+be+過去-Watercanbechangedintoice.

Sheoughttotidyupherbedroom----Herbedroomoughttobetidiedup.

Youshouldbuyadictionaryatonce----Adictionaryshouldbeboughtatoncebyyou.

(2)否定式:主語+情態(tài)動詞+not+be+過去分詞+by

Youmustnottakeoutanybooks.-Anybooksmustn'tbetakenoutbyyou.

Theyneedn'tlookafterthelittlechild----Thelittlechildneedn'tbelookedafter(bythem)

(3)疑問句:情態(tài)動詞+主語+be+過去分詞+by

Canyouuseit?------Canitbeused?

常見的情態(tài)動詞有:can,may,oughtto,must,dare,need,should.

主動語態(tài)不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的情況:

1,當(dāng)賓語是反身代詞時ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Parker.

2,當(dāng)謂語是表示狀態(tài)的及物動詞時Doesthepairofnewshoessuityou?

Wewillhaveameeting.

四．特殊情況的被動語態(tài)：

1.帶雙賓語的被動語態(tài)：

動詞+sb(間賓)+sth(直賓)

口訣：如遇雙賓語，一般變間賓，若把直賓變，to/for間賓連。

1).give/pass/show與介詞to搭配。

givesbsth——sb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tosb.

2).buy/make/cook與介詞for搭配。

buysbsth——sb+bebought+sth或sth+bebought+forsb

Hegavemeabook

I____________abookbyhim.

Abook_____________mebyhim.

Mymothermademeacake.

I_________acakebymymother

Acake____________mebymymother.

2.帶省to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的被動語態(tài)：動詞+sb+dosth.

口訣：感使動詞真叫怪，to來to去記心懷，主動語態(tài)to離去被動語態(tài)to回來。

動詞：make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watch

makesbdosth----sb+be+made+todosth

Thebossmadetheworkersworkallday

Theworkers____________workalldaybytheboss.

3.see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doingsth句型中變被動語態(tài)時doing不變。

IheardTomsingingjustnow

Tom_______________bymejustnow.

4.以動詞短語作謂語的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。

Weshouldtakecareoftheold.

Theoldshould_____________________.

五．注意事項：

1.有些及物動詞或動詞短語不能用于被動語態(tài)：

last,have,own…..belongto,suit…fine,

2.不及物動詞是沒有被動語態(tài)：

happen,takeplace,appear,hold(容納)

3.系動詞是沒有被動語態(tài)：Look,feel,sound,smell,taste….

Thedishtastesgood.

4.有些詞組沒有被動語態(tài)：sellwell,writewell,ridewell,drivewell

Thiskindofskirtsellswell.

5.need表示需要時，后面常接doing形式表示被動意義，相當(dāng)于tobedone.

Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=

Allthecomputersneed_______________.

6.在too…to…及enoughto…結(jié)構(gòu)中有時表示被動意義。

Theproblemistoodifficulttosolve.第21講:被動語態(tài)之重要考點■將語態(tài)與主謂一致結(jié)合起來命題

1.Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager______toworkonlineathome.

A.encourages

B.encourage

C.isencouraged

D.areencouraged

解析：主語是alltheemployees(復(fù)數(shù))，而不是themanager，排除答案A和C；又因alltheemployees與encourage是被動關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)，排除B，故選D。

2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_______tothenationasagift.

A.isoffered

B.hasoffered

C.areoffered

D.haveoffered

解析：alibrary是offer的承受者，要用被動語態(tài)，排除B和D；又因主語(library)是單數(shù)，排除C；故選A。注意：withfivethousandbooks是alibrary是定語。

■將語態(tài)與虛擬語氣結(jié)合起來命題

—Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe______toMiamibuttoNewYork?

—Iagree,buttheproblemis______hehasrefusedto.

A.willnotbesent;that

B.notbesent;that

C.shouldnotbesent;what

D.shouldnotsend;what

解析：因he與send是被動關(guān)系，排除D；又因it(is)necessary后的that從句的謂語要用“(should+)動詞原形”，排除選項A；答句中的表語從句不缺任何句子成分，用that；故選B。

■將語態(tài)與倒裝結(jié)合起來命題

Onlyaftermyfriendcame______.

A.didthecomputerrepaired

B.berepairedthecomputer

C.wasthecomputerrepaired

D.thecomputerwasrepaired

解析：因thecomputer與repair是被動關(guān)系，排除A；又因only加狀語置于句首，要用部分倒裝，排除選項D和B；故選C。

■將固定短語中的名詞作主語來增加句子理解難度

Goodcaremust______babies,particularlywhiletheyareill.

A.take

B.takeof

C.betaken

D.betakenof

解析：由固定短語takegoodcareof(好好照看)是可知，goodcare與take是被動關(guān)系，排除A和B；選項C中又漏掉了of；故選D。

■在語境中將語態(tài)與時態(tài)結(jié)合起來命題

1.Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople______toeatmorefruitandvegetables.

A.persuade

B.willpersuade

C.bepersuaded

D.arepersuaded

解析：因people與persuade是被動關(guān)系，排除A和B。又因為主語是一般將來時，條件句中用一般現(xiàn)在時，所以選D。

2.Hundredsofjobs______ifthefactorycloses.

A.lose

B.willbelost

C.arelost

D.willlost

解析：因lose與jobs是被動關(guān)系，排除A和D；又因條件狀語從句是一般現(xiàn)在時，主句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)當(dāng)是一般將來時，故選B。

3.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth______eachyear.

A.werewashedaway

B.isbeingwashedaway

C.arewashingaway

D.arebeingwashedaway

解析：因goodearth(沃土)與washaway(沖走)是被動關(guān)系，排除C；又因quantitiesof…作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，排除B；指近階段(近些年)正在發(fā)生的事，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，排除A；故選D。

4.—Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.It______forweeks

A.hasn’tcleaned

B.didn’tclean

C.wasn’tcleaned

D.hasn’tbeencleaned

解析：由is和forweeks可知，要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，排除B和C；又因It(Thewindow)與clean是被動關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)，所以選D。

5.—GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.Didyougotothewedding?

—No,I______.Didtheyhaveabigwedding?

A.wasnotinvited

B.havenotbeeninvited

C.hadn’tbeeninvited

D.didn’tinvite第21講:被動語態(tài)之專項練習(xí)被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)共分兩大部分，第一部分適合初中學(xué)生練習(xí)，第二部分是專門供高中生使用的。

一、被動語態(tài)專項習(xí)題（適合初中）

1

(

)1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.

A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound

(

)2English____inCanada.

A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken

(

)3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.

A.oftensingsB.oftensang

C.isoftensangD.isoftensung

(

)4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.

A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade

(

)5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.

A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused

2

(

)1Ourroommust___clean.

A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep

(

)2-I'dliketobuythatcoat.

-I'msorry.___.

A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold

(

)3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.

A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding

(

)4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.

A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft

(

)5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.

A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed

(

)6Hisnewbook___nextmonth.

A.willbepublishedB.ispublishing

C.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished

3

(

)1Japanese___ineverycountry.

A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking

(

)2Thesepapers___yet.

A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwritten

C.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten

(

)3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.

A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't

4

(

)1-Myshoesarewornout.

A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.

C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?

(

)2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.

A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are

()3___thesedesksbeneeded?

A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do

5

(

)1Why___totalkaboutityesterday?

A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheld

C.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld

(

)2Whowasthebook___?

A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby

(

)3Where___theseboxesmade?

A.wasB.wereC.isD.am

6

(

)1Theflowers___often.

A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater

(

)2Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.

A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow

(

)3Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.

A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended

7

(

)1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.

A.isgoingtoberebuilt

B.willrebuilt

C.aregoingtoberebuilt

D.aregoingtorebuilt

(

)2Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.

A.isgoingtobeshown

B.willshown

C.willshow

D.isshown

(

)3Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.

A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuild

C.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild

8

(

)1Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.

A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept

(

)2Thepot___for___hotwater.

A.used;keepingB.wasused;keeping

C.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep

(

)3Tea___inthesouthofChina.

A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow

(

)4Thebridges___twoyearsago.

WOIt'saHaidiantopproblem

A.isbuilt

B.built

C.werebuilt

D.wasbuilt

(

)5Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather.

A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung

9

(

)1Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.

A.bestoppedtothrow

B.bestoppedfromthrowing

C.stoptothrow

D.stopfromthrowing

(

)2Theteapot___water.

A.isfilledwith

B.filledof

C.fullingof

D.filled

(

)3Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.

A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento

(

)4Oldpeoplemust___.

A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafter

C.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell

10

(

)1Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.

A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareof

C.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare

(

)2Theywere___atthesuddennoise.

A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens

(

)3Thesewalls___stone.

A.aremadeofB.madeofuC.aremadeintoD.madeinto

11

(

)1Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.

A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid

(

)2Thepapers___tothem.

A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown

(

)3Thecoat___hersister.

A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto

12

(

)1I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.

A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven

(

)2Goodcare____suchthings.

A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetaken

C.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof

(

)3Shewill____goodcare____.

A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou

13

(

)1Theteachermadehim___hishomework.

A.todoB.doC.didD.done

(

)2Theboy___streetswithoutpayintheolddays.

A.wasmadetocleanB.madeclean

C.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean

(

)3Thesechildren____dance.

A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto

14

(

)1Thesestones___well.

A.arefitted

B.fit

C.fits

D.isfitted

(

)2Thebike___500yuan.

A.wascost

B.costed

C.cost

D.iscosted

(

)3Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.

A.washad

B.washeld

C.held

D.had

15

(

)1Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.

A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace

(

)2Youcan'tusethecomputer,it____.

A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown

(

)3Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.

A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened

(

)4Thewatchhasoften___down.

A.satB.lainC.brokenD.fell

16

(

)1Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.

A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken

(

)2Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe1960s.

A.arewrittenB.werewritten

C.arewritingD.werewriting

(

)3Whattime___thedoor___everyday?

A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close

17

(

)1Canhe___himself?

A.getdressB.getdressedC.getsdressedD.insteadof

(

)2Hefellfromhisbikeand___.

A.ishurtB.getshurtC.gothurtD.hurt

(

)3Lookout,pleasekeepawayfromthefire,oryourtrouserswill__

A.burntB.burnC.burningD.getburn

18

(

)1Theapple___verysweet.

A.istastedB.taste-C.tastesD.aretasting

(

)2You___morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.

A.seeB.watchC.lookD.lookat

(

)3Whatyousaid___.likeagoodidea.

A.heardB.listenedC.soundD.sounded

19

(

)1-WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay?

-Wonderful.Itisworth___asecondtime.

A.watchingB.watchedC.seenD.seeing

(

)2Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed___.

A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned

(

)3Thebookisworth___.

A.seeingB.readingC.seenD.read

參考答案：

1.1-5BDDDC

2.1-6BCBBCA3.1-3ABB

4.1-3ABA5.1-3BDB

6.1-3BAD

7.1-3ABA

8.1-5DBBCD

9.1-4BADD

10.1-3BBA

11.1-3BAC

12.1-3DDB

13.1-3BAA

14.1-4BCB

15.1-4BDAC

16.1-3ABC

17.1-3BCD

18.1-3CCD

19.1-3ACB

被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)（適合高中）

一、選擇題（2×15=30分）

(

)1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?

A.Is;built

B.Was;built

C.Does;build

D.Did;build

(

)2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.

A.hasbeenhappened

B.washappened

C.ishappened

D.happened

(

)3.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina.

A.isgrown

B.aregrown

C.grows

D.grow

(

)4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.

A.isvisited

B.willbevisited

C.hasbeenvisited

D.wasvisited

(

)5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.

A.isgiven

B.hasbeengiven

C.willbegiven

D.gives

(

)6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?

A.areplanted

B.willplant

C.havebeenplanted

D.planted

(

)7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.

A.aredoing

B.arebeingdone

C.hasbeendone

D.willbedone

(

)8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.

A.did;use

B.was;used

C.is;used

D.are;used

(

)9.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.

A.knows

B.knew

C.isknown

D.wasknown

(

)10.Who_____thisbook_____?

A.did;written

B.was;writtenby

C.did;written

D.was;written

(

)11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.

A.wastoldus

B.wastoldtous

C.istoldus

D.toldus

(

)12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.

A.jump

B.jumps

C.jumped

D.tojump

(

)13.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.

A.puts

B.canbeput

C.canbeputted

D.canput

(

)14.Olderpeople____well.

A.looksafter

B.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter

(

)15.Ourteacher______carefully.

A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelisten

C.belistened

D.islistened

二、用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的正確形式填空。（1×20=20分）(請注意時態(tài)和語態(tài)兩個方面噢)

1.It'ssaid(據(jù)說)thatthelongbridge______________（build）intwomonths．

2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________（discuss）now．

3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______（speak）intheworld？

4.Thelostboy_____________（notfind）sofar．

5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down．

6.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.

7.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.

8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.

9.What_______knives

______(make)of?

They_______________(make)ofmetal(金屬)andwood.

10.Canthemagazine________(take)outofthelibrary?

11.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.

12.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime.

13.Someflowers_______________(water)byLiMingalready.

14.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.

15.Howlong_____youruncle______(be)inthecity?

16.Thefood_____________(smell)delicious.

17.Look!Someone__________(dance).

三、按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。（1×30=30分）

1.IsteagrowninSouthChina？（改為主動語態(tài)）

_______people_________teainSouthChina？

2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear．（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）

Abirthdaypresent_______

_______

_______

_______bymyparentseveryyear．

3.Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.(對劃線提問)

How_______

_______theworkgoingtobefinished?

4.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改為被動語態(tài))

AnEnglishsong______

______

_______bythechildren.

5.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改為被動語態(tài))

It______

________

________byyounow.

6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改為被動語態(tài))

Metal________

_________

_______makingmachines.

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