初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中考主謂一致

上海中考英語(yǔ)備考訓(xùn)練上海中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)：主謂一致一，概念及基本規(guī)則：英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的主謂一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與主語(yǔ)保持一致。1就近原則：notonly…butalso;not…but;neither…nor;eithertherebe；whether…or;or句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與相鄰的主語(yǔ)保持一致。例whetherheorIammad.不是他就是我瘋了。2就前原則：aswellas;togetherwith;ratherthan;alongwith;with;without;but;except;like;besides;including，addition等連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。二、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)的情形：1.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)從句不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)但由and連接兩個(gè)不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)視為一體時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。主語(yǔ)從句所指物是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用相應(yīng)單復(fù)數(shù)。whetherhesucceedsfailsdoesn'tconcernme.Toplaybasketballandtogoswimmingareofgreatuse.Whenandwheretobuildthecenterhasn’tbeendecided.WhatIwantisaninterestingbookwhilewhatheexpectsaretwocupscoffee.2.不定代詞each,every,no所修飾的名詞，即使以and連接成多主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。如：everydoctorandeverynursegoesthere.each,neither,either,everyone,anything,nobody等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。但each做同位語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，如Theyeach。noneofthem可單可復(fù)。every不能做主語(yǔ)，everyone,noone不能與of聯(lián)用，everyoneof,noneof;everyday是形容詞，只能做定語(yǔ),everydayroutine,everyday短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，放句子首尾。3.書刊名、學(xué)科名、國(guó)名，組織名稱，時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡、疾病、游戲等的以s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。TheUnitedStates…復(fù)形單義：以s結(jié)尾如mathematics,politics,physics,news,times,wages,circumstances，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。4,morethanone；a加單數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)morethanmembermanyastudentis,但Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.Oneandahalfbananasis(are)leftthetable.但Anappleandahalf。時(shí)間段，用is，強(qiáng)調(diào)年數(shù)，用are。加減乘除，用單數(shù)。但加乘也可用復(fù)數(shù)。三、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)：1，當(dāng)and與both…and…連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)語(yǔ)。但如并列的主語(yǔ)指同一人時(shí)，后面主語(yǔ)沒有冠詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。若后一個(gè)名詞前有冠詞，則表示兩個(gè)人，用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Thesingeranddancer一人。Theredandthewhitecoatsaremine.Theblackwhitecoatmine.the+形容詞分詞做主語(yǔ)表一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)。elderly,theinjured2,以s結(jié)尾的表山脈群島峽瀑布等地理名稱時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)如Alps,theHimalayas,theNiagaraFalls,thePhilipineIslands.area表示地區(qū)、領(lǐng)域?yàn)榭蓴?shù)，area,areas謂語(yǔ)相應(yīng)變化。3，謂語(yǔ)從量詞amountsof加不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)quantitiesofmassesof,suppliesof加可數(shù)/不可數(shù)語(yǔ)都用復(fù)數(shù)offood(nuts)werethe/4

上海中考英語(yǔ)備考訓(xùn)練table。但thenumberof/thevarietyof/thiskind謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)從名詞：anumber，agroupof,avarietyof,coupleof加復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。四、單復(fù)數(shù)視句意定：1當(dāng)what,all,such,more,some,any,none,therest作主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。例：Allweresilent.人人無語(yǔ)。wassilent.籟俱寂。therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethird；alotof,lotsof,plentyalargequantityof加名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)與后的名詞保持一致。2,定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)與先行詞一致；在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面的動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)一致；主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。Iknowoneoftheboysarethere.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswhowinsthegame.theveryof,thefirstoneof…3,意義一致原則：Twentyyearsnotalongtime.Twentyyearshavepassedsinceheleft.五、修飾可數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞的量詞：1，數(shù)：many,many謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)),few,afew,numberof,numbersseveral2，可數(shù)abitof,little,alittle,amounts謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)alargeamountagreatdealof3，數(shù)不可數(shù)都可some,any,lotsof,alotof,quantities（謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)）alargequantityplenty謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般從名詞。Lotsof,alotof通常不用于修飾年月日等時(shí)間概念，習(xí)慣上不用于否定句，用many,much。六，特殊名詞：1,只用復(fù)數(shù)的名詞trousers,shoes,glasses,clothes,socks,gloves,chopsticks,scissor,shorts等由兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的物品，以及clothes，people,police,cattle等主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。但people表民族時(shí)可指單數(shù)。2，單復(fù)同形名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，表多數(shù)用復(fù)數(shù)deer,sheep,means,aircraft,spacecraft，Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,(以ese,ss結(jié)尾的國(guó)籍名)，works(工廠等。fish表種類時(shí)，可es,work表著作時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞Chinese當(dāng)語(yǔ)言用，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。tenaircraftAllpossiblemeanshavebeentried.Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried.強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),指全體人員時(shí),用復(fù)數(shù)。,team,group,family,population,audience,government,company,，等。Thestaffis/arehardworking.4,只有單數(shù)的名詞baggage,luggage,clothing,furniture等不可數(shù)名詞不用不定冠詞a,an，也不用數(shù)詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。選擇填空練習(xí)一1．----_______eitherheorIproudofthejob?-----Neitherhenoryou__________.A.Am,areB.Is,areC.Are,areAm,2.Aknifeandfork______lyingonthe.A.wasseenB.wereseenseeD.sees3.Thefactory,includingequipmentandbuildings,____burntlastnight./4

上海中考英語(yǔ)備考訓(xùn)練A.isB.areC.wasD.were4.I,who_____yourclosefriend,willsharejoysandsorrows.A.wasB.areC.isD.am5.Over70percentofthepopulationinthisprovince______farmersA.isB.areC.hasD.have6.Someperson______askingforyouattheentrancetothecinema.A.willbeB.isbeingC.isD.are7.Therestofthenovel_______verywonderfulandinstructive.A.wereB.areisD.seem8.Everymeans______tried,butthereisnoabsoluteresultyet.A.havebeenB.hasbeenC.willbeD.were9.WhatIwantaninterestingbookwhileheexpects_____twocupsofcoffee.A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are10.Ateacher,togetherwithfourstudents,______senttohelpwiththisresearchthenextweek.A.wasB.hasC.wereD.are11.Helostonethebookswhich______borrowedfromthelibraryyesterday.A.wereB.washadD.have12.Jack,aswellashisrelativesandfriends,________apartyhomenow.A.arehavingB.ishaveisholdingD.areholding13.The26thOlympicGames______heldsuccessfullyA.isB.willbeC.arewere14.Allbuttheonethataskedforleaveyesterday______herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were15.Oneachsideoftheroad________alotoftalltrees.A.standsB.isstandingC.growD.isgrowing16.Threehourswithyouroldfriends________toashorttime.A.seemB.seemsC.isseemingD.hasseemed17.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfirstaidcenter_______yet.A.hasn'tbeendecidedB.doesn'tdecidedC.haven'tbeendecidedD.aren'tdecided18.TheUnitedNations_________in1959A.werefoundB.werefoundedC.wasfoundD.wasfounded19.Eachteacherandeachscientist_______invitedtotakepartintheconference.A.areB.wasC.hasD.were20.Oneandahalfapples_______leftonthetable.A.areB.isC.hasD.have1-5BACDB6-10CCBAA11-15ACDDC16-20BADBA/B練習(xí)二1.One-thirdthearea_____coveredwithgreentrees.Aboutseventypercentthetrees_____beenplanted.A.are;haveB.is;hasC.is;haveD.are;has2.Thenumberofteachersourcollege_____greatlyincreasedlastterm.Anumber/4

上海中考英語(yǔ)備考訓(xùn)練ofteachersinthisschool_____fromthecountryside.A.was;isB.was;areC.were;D.were;is3.What_____thepopulationofChina?One-thirdofthepopulation_____workershere.A.is;areB.are;areC.is;are;is4.Notonlyhebutalsowe_____right.aswellasweright.A.are;areB.are;C.is;isD.is;are5.Whathe’dlike_____adigitalwatch.Whathe’dlike_____textbooks.A.are;areB.is;isC.is;areD.are;is6.Heisoneoftheboyswho_____hereontime.Heistheonlyoftheboys_____hereontime.A.hascome;havecomeB.havecome;hascomeC.hascome;hascomeD.havecome;havecome7.Eitheryouorhe_____interestedinplayingchess._____youorhefondmusicatpresent?A.are;AreB.is;AreC.are;IsD.is;Is8.Manyaprofessor_____lookingforwardtovisitingGermanynow.Manyscientists_____studiedanimalsandplantsinthelasttwoyears.A.is;haveB.is;hasC.are;haveD.is;are9.Aknifeandfork_____onthetable.Aknifeandfork_____onthetable.A.is;isB.are;areare;is;are10.Herfamily_____muchlargerthanminefouryearsago.Herfamily_____dancingandsingingwhenIcameinlastnight.A.were;B.was;wereC.was;wasD.were;were11.HowandwhyJackcameChina_____notknown.Whenandwheretobuildthenewlibrary_____notbeendecided.A.is;hasB.are;hasC.is;haveare;have12.NowTomtogetherwithhisclassmates_____footballontheplayground.A.playB.areplayingC.playsD.isplaying13.Twohundredfiftypou