Unit1 Grammar-牛津譯林版八年級英語下冊

8BUnit1GrammarPresentperfecttenseThink&Answer他父母結婚時，他住在蘇州。MyparentshavelivedinSuzhousincetheygotmarried.HelivedinSuzhouwhenhisparentsgotmarried.自從我父母結婚以來，他們一直住在蘇州。When

doweneedtousethepresentperfecttense?①Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.HehaslivedheresincehecametoNanjing.現(xiàn)在完成時--用法②Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthathappenedinthepastandhasaconnectionwiththepresent.Eddie

has

justeaten

Hobo’sfood.(Eddieatethefood,andnowHobohasnothingtoeat.)Ihavelostmymobilephone.(Ilostmymobilephone,andnowIhavenomobilephonetouse.)現(xiàn)在完成時—結構1.現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句句型

主語（I/You/We/They）+has

（He/She/It）+have

+過去分詞用have/has填空They______

seenthatfilmbefore.Greatchanges_____takenplaceinChinaoverthepast10years.Myfamily______livedinthisareasince15yearsago.havehavehave2.現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句句型

主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+……Ihaveseenthemovie.(改為否定句)Ihaven’tseenthemovie.hasn’t=hasnothaven’t=havenot3.現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句句型Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+……Yes,主語+have/has.No,主語+have/hasnot.Shehasarrivedhere.(改為一般疑問句，并作肯定/否定回答)Hasshearrivedhere?Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.Let’spractiseA:Haveyou…?B:Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.A:Hashe/she…?B:Yes,he/shehas.No,he/shehasn’t.brushyourteethbrushedyourteethreadthebook

readthebookhavepizzahadpizzaRegularverbsIrregularverbsBaseformPastparticipleBaseformPast

participlevisithitmovemeettrysellstudygivestopwriteplanthink動詞的過去分詞visitedmovedtriedstudiedstoppedplannedhitmetsoldgavewrotethought規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞1.大多數(shù)的動詞的過去分詞是規(guī)則的，只需在動詞后加-ed；如：

work→workedlisten→listened

jump→jumped

visit→visited2.在以-e結尾的動詞后只加-d；如：

close→closedlike→likedagree→agreedmove→moved3.在以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞，應將y改為i再加ed；例如：

study→studiedcarry→carried

try→triedworry→worried4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的動詞，要雙寫末尾輔音字母再加-ed；如：

stop→stoppeddrop→dropped

有些動詞的過去分詞是不規(guī)則的，需要特殊記憶。（課本P122-123頁）AshorttestWritethepastparticiplesoftheverbsbelow.PartA,Page14borrowplansayhopecrygrowmakesendhitgetwatchenjoyborrowedhopedmadegotplannedcriedsentwatchedsaidgrownhitenjoyed③Wealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkabouthowmanytimesanactionhashappenedtillnow.Ihavealreadyreadthisbookmanytimes.Wecanusethesetimeexpressionswiththepresentperfecttense.alreadyyeteverneverjustrecentlysincefor+一段時間manytimes現(xiàn)在完成時--用法現(xiàn)在完成時--與already，yet，ever，never，just，recently連用1.already已經，常用于肯定句中，不用于否定句。

Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.

我已經看過這部電影了。2.yet1)已經，常用在疑問句中。

HasLindareadthebookyet?

琳達已看過這本書了嗎?

2)還，仍然，常用于否定句。

Hehasnotbeguntoworkyet.

他還未開始工作。注意：當在肯定陳述句中含有already時，在轉換成否定句或疑問句時，要把句中的already去掉，在句末加上yet.

Ihaven’tseenthefilmyet.Ihavealreadycleanedthehouse.(改為一般疑問句)Haveyoucleanedthehouseyet?Ihaveseenthefilmalready.(改為否定句)--Haveyoudoneyourhomework?--Not______.(還沒有)yet3.ever曾經，主要用于疑問句

Haveyouever

wantedtotravelaroundtheworld?

你曾經想要周游世界嗎？4.never從來沒有，表示否定

Hehasneverseensuchatallbuilding.

他從未見過這么高的樓。5.just剛剛，常用于肯定句中

Ihave

justfinishedlunch.

我剛吃過午飯。

6.recently近來，最近

Ihaven’tseenthemrecently.

我近來沒見過他們。7.for+一段時間8.since+過去的時間點（2000/5yearsago）

+從句（一般過去時）Katehaslivedherefor3years.

凱特已經在這住了3年了。Katehaslivedheresince3yearsago.KatehaslivedheresinceshecametoChina.*當主句的謂語動詞為be/seem時，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時/一般現(xiàn)在時/，從句仍使用一般過去時。e.g.It’sbeen5yearssincewemovedtoSuzhou.It’salongtimesinceweleftschool.*主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去式?！铿F(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時，強調這一動作產生的結果對現(xiàn)在的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關。

一般過去時，僅僅表示在過去某一時刻曾發(fā)生過這一動作，與現(xiàn)在無關。

他已學英語五年了。

HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.

他曾學過五年英語。

HestudiedEnglishforfiveyears.

一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時有一些明顯的時間狀語：遇到y(tǒng)esterday,lastyear,inMay,in+過去某一年，twodaysago,justnow等就用一般過去時。當有in/over/duringthepast/lastfewyears(在過去/最近的幾年里),sofar,uptonow/tillnow（直到現(xiàn)在),manytimes（幾次）等常用現(xiàn)在完成時。1.They______________(finish)theirhomeworkalready.2.John_____never_________(visit)China.3.MrLi_____________(repair)overtenbicyclessinceMonday.4.We______________(notsee)eachotherforyears.5.Myparents_______________(notcome)backyet.6.Ourteacher___________(teach)usalotaboutthehistoryofChina.havefinishedhavenotcomehastaughthavenotseenhasrepairedhasvisitedPartB,P14M:_____you_____(see)anyfilmsrecently,Sandy?S:No,Ihaven’t.Whataboutyou?M:I_____(see)onelastSaturday.S:What’sitabout?M:It’saboutthechangesinBeijingoverthepastcentury.Fromthisfilm,I__________(learn)moreaboutBeijing’spastandpresent.S:Oh,IthinkI__________(hear)aboutthefilm.Doyouplantoseeitagain?M:Yes,I’dliketo.HaveseensawhavelearnthaveheardPartB,P141.—YouworkinLuoyang,don’tyou?—Yes.I______inthiscityforthreeyears.A.workB.workedC.haveworkedD.willwork2.Thebookisverythin,butJackthinksit’sthebestbookthathe______.A.readB.hasreadC.willreadD.reads3.I______inthisareaovertheyears.I______hereyearsago.A.lived;havemovedB.havelived;movedC.lived;movedD.havelived;havemovedI.Multiplechoice.4.Myauntisawriter.She______morethantenbookssince1980.

A.writesB.wroteC.haswrittenD.willwrite5.—Lucy,_____you____yourticket?—Notyet.A.did;findB.have;found C.has;foundD.do;find6.There_____greatchangesinChinasincetwentyyearsago.A.areB.were C.havebeenD.have7.Ifyou____alibrarybook,youmustpayforit.A.mayloseB.havelostC.arelosingD.willloseI.Multiplechoice.8.I’dliketointroducemybestfriendtoyou,Peter.—Thankyou,Lucy.Butwe______already.A.meetB.metC.willmeetD.havemet9.—Lookatthesestamps.I_______themforfiveyears.

—Wow,theyarewonderful.

A.kept

B.havekept

C.boughtD.havebought10.—IhaveseenthefashionshowonTVathome.—When____you____it?A.will;seeB.have;seenC.did;seeD.do;seeI.Multiplechoice.1.I________(have)dinner.Iamfull.2.Bothofthem__________(be)inHongKongsincetendaysago.3.Bothofthem______(come)toHongKongtendaysago.4.Fourhours_________(pass)sincethetrain____(leave).5.They_________(see)themovietwice.6.She__________(buy)somenicetoysrecently.7.Hurryup!Lunch_____already______(begin).havehadhaveseenhasboughtII.Fillintheblanks.hasbegunhavebeencamehaspassedleft8._____they______(build)anewschoolinthevillagelastyear?9.I______________(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme?10.Don’tmakenoise.Myfather__________(sleep)intheroom.11.--Areyouthirsty?--No.I_____just______(drink)someorangejuice.12.I________(buy)abookjustnow.13.Mynephew_______(read)bookseveryevening.DidII.Fillintheblanks.buildhaven’tfinishedissleepinghavedrunkboughtreads1.I’vealreadyhaddinner.(否定句+疑問句)

2.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.(否定句)

3.Ihaveknownhimsince30daysago.(劃線提問)4.