高中英語高考押題卷押題卷 山東2023屆高考考前押題卷 英語模擬試題

山東中學(xué)聯(lián)盟2023年高考考前熱身押題英語試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置。2.回答選擇題時,選出每小題答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時,將答案寫在答題卡上。3.考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題分,滿分分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AHOMESCHOOLINGAWAYFROMHOMEDynamicprogramsforhomeschooledstudentsaretransformingtheoutsidehomeareasintoaclassroominandofitself,wherehomeschoolerscantakeadvantageofawealthoflessonstolastalifetime?Haveaquicklookatthefollowing.Theymightbeagoodfittodiscoverthewonder-filledworldoutsidethehome.AnUnderseaViewForkidswhoareintoaquatic(水生的)life,TheAquariumofthePacificisagreatspacetosocializeandengageinhands-onlearningwithmarinelife.Theaquariumoffersarangeofresources,includinghomeschoolfieldtrips,dedicatedhomeschooldayswithdiscountedadmissionrates.Volunteeringincludeshoursoflearningandinteractingwithaquariumguestsonaweeklybasis.Thisoffershome-schoolersthechancetopracticepublicspeakingandsciencecommunication.ALearningTripleTreatTheHuntingtonLibrary,ArtMuseumandBotanicalGardenswelcomegroupsof25ormorehomeschoolstudentsfromthesamegradetoparticipateina90-minute,docent-ledprogramexploringtheartcollections,botanicalgardensandlibraryfreeofcharge.ThetreatisavailableeveryMonday.Hands-onlearningintheconservatory’splantlabwillbethehighlight.BrainsatPlayKidspaceChildren’sMuseuminPasadenawillhelpyougetyourhomeschoolersoutofthehousewithacresofmostlyoutdoor,kiddrivenexperiences.Theseincludemorethan40hands-onexhibitswherekidscanexplorenaturalenvironmentsandinvestigatescienceandartisticformsofexpression.Homeschoolfamiliesaresupportedviaquarterlyhomeschooldays,withanadmissionfeeof$15peradult-childpair.TheFlipSideofLearningIfbeingforcedtostudyhasyourhomeschoolerbouncingoffthewalls,TempestAcademyiswelcome.Therewillbeconstantmoving,jumping,climbingandrolling.Mostly,however,therewillbecommunity.Buildingacommunityisamajorthemeforthissport,andstudentsgrow,learnandcollaboratebytakingonchallengesalongsidetheirfellows.Kidsofallagesarewelcome.1.WhatdoweknowaboutAnunderseaView?A.Volunteerscaninteractwithvisitors.B.Ithelpstodevelopchildren’ssocialskillsfully.C.Itonlyopenstothosekidswhoareintovoluntarywork.D.Everyparticipanthasachancetopracticepublicspeaking.2.Whichprogramwillbethenicestfitifkidswanttoappreciateworksofart?A.AnUnderseaView. B.BrainsatPlay.C.ALearningTripleTreat. D.TheFlipSideofLearning.3.Whatcanweinferfromthefourprogramsinthetext?A.Theyareallfreeofcharge.B.Theyrequiredifferentagelimits.C.Allareintendedforkidswithlearningproblems.D.Allattachgreatimportancetohomeschoolers’involvement.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了接受家庭教育孩子離家學(xué)習(xí)的好處以及多種可選擇的項(xiàng)目。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過文章第二段“Volunteeringincludeshoursoflearningandinteractingwithaquariumguestsonaweeklybasis.(志愿服務(wù)包括每周小時的學(xué)習(xí)和與水族館客人的互動)”可知，參觀海底景觀時，志愿者可以與來訪者互動。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“TheHuntingtonLibrary,ArtMuseumandBotanicalGardenswelcomegroupsof25ormorehomeschoolstudentsfromthesamegradetoparticipateina90-minute,docent-ledprogramexploringtheartcollections,botanicalgardensandlibraryfreeofcharge.(Huntington圖書館、藝術(shù)博物館和植物園歡迎25名或以上來自同一年級的家庭學(xué)校學(xué)生參加一個90分鐘的項(xiàng)目，講解員領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的項(xiàng)目，免費(fèi)探索藝術(shù)收藏館、植物園和圖書館)”可推知，如果孩子們想欣賞藝術(shù)作品，“ALearningTripleTreat”項(xiàng)目最合適。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通過文章第二段“Thisoffershome-schoolersthechancetopracticepublicspeakingandsciencecommunication.(這為在家上學(xué)的孩子提供了練習(xí)公共演講和科學(xué)傳播的機(jī)會)”、第三段“TheHuntingtonLibrary,ArtMuseumandBotanicalGardenswelcomegroupsof25ormorehomeschoolstudentsfromthesamegradetoparticipateina90-minute,docent-ledprogramexploringtheartcollections,botanicalgardensandlibraryfreeofcharge(Huntington圖書館、藝術(shù)博物館和植物園歡迎25名或以上來自同一年級的家庭學(xué)校學(xué)生參加一個90分鐘的項(xiàng)目，講解員領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的項(xiàng)目，免費(fèi)探索藝術(shù)收藏館、植物園和圖書館)”、第四段“KidspaceChildren’sMuseuminPasadenawillhelpyougetyourhomeschoolersoutofthehousewithacresofmostlyoutdoor,kiddrivenexperiences.(位于帕薩迪納的Kidspace兒童博物館將幫助你讓在家上學(xué)的孩子走出家門，為他們提供英畝的戶外體驗(yàn))”以及第五段“Ifbeingforcedtostudyhasyourhomeschoolerbouncingoffthewalls,TempestAcademyiswelcome.(如果被迫學(xué)習(xí)讓自學(xué)者感到震驚，Tempest學(xué)院是受歡迎的)”可推知，從課文中的四個項(xiàng)目中我們能推斷出，所有人都非常重視自學(xué)者的參與。故選D項(xiàng)。BDistantlyrelatedtothelarger,better-knownblack-and-whitegiantpanda,theredpandaisamerecreaturefoundinthemountainsofNepal,Myanmar,andcentralChina.Theredpandaisdwarfedbytheblack-and-whitegiantthatsharesitsname.Thesepandastypicallygrowtothesizeofahousecat,thoughtheirbig,bushytailsaddanadditional46centimeters.Theyusetheirringedtailsaswraparoundblanketsinthecoldmountainheights.Theredpandasharesthegiantpanda’srainy,high-altitudeforesthabitat,buthasawiderrange.RedpandasliveinthemountainsofNepalandnorthemMyanmar,aswellasincentralChina.Theseanimalsspendmostoftheirlivesintreesandevensleepaloft.Whenhunting,theyaremostactiveatnightaswellasinthehoursofduskanddawn.Redpandashaveatasteforbamboobut,unliketheirlargerrelatives,theyeatmanyotherfoodsaswell—fruit,acorns,roots,andeggs.Likegiantpandas,theyhaveanextendedwristbonethatfunctionsalmostlikeathumb(拇指)andgreatlyaidstheirgrasp.Theyareshyandaloneexceptwhenmating.Femalesgivebirthinthespringandsummer,typicallytoonetofouryoung.Youngredpandasremainintheirnestsforabout90days,duringwhichtimetheirmothercaresforthem.Malestakelittleornointerestintheiryoungbabies.Theredpandahasgivenscientiststaxonomic(分類的)fits.Ithasbeenclassifiedasarelativeofthegiantpanda,andalsooftheraccoon,withwhichitsharesaringedtail.Currently,redpandasareconsideredmembersoftheirownuniquefamily—theAiluridae.Redpandasareendangered,victimsofdeforestation.Theirnaturalspaceisshrinkingasmoreandmoreforestsaredestroyedbyloggingandthespreadofagriculture.4Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheredpanda?A.Bigandbushy. B.Particularaboutfood.C.Activeintheday. D.Hardtofitintoacategory.5.Howcanweeasilytellaredpandafromagiantpanda?A.Bytheirsize. B.Bytheirhabitat.C.Bythewaytheyhunt. D.Bytheirwristbone.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph7referto?A.Theraccoon. B.Theredpanda.C.Thegiantpanda. D.Thetaxonomicfit.7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocompareavarietyofpandas.B.Toexplaintheclassificationofpandas.C.Toraiseawarenessofprotectingwildlife.D.Tomakeanintroductiontoauniqueanimal.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了小熊貓的居住地以及其習(xí)性?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通過文章倒數(shù)第二段“Ithasbeenclassifiedasarelativeofthegiantpanda,andalsooftheraccoon,withwhichitsharesaringedtail.Currently,redpandasareconsideredmembersoftheirownuniquefamily—theAiluridae.(它被歸類為大熊貓的近親，也被歸類為浣熊的近親，浣熊與小熊貓有環(huán)狀的尾巴。目前，小熊貓被認(rèn)為是自己獨(dú)特家族的一員——熊貓科)”可推知，小熊貓很難被歸類。故選D項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。通過文章第三段“Theredpandasharesthegiantpanda’srainy,high-altitudeforesthabitat,buthasawiderrange.RedpandasliveinthemountainsofNepalandnorthemMyanmar,aswellasincentralChina.(小熊貓和大熊貓一樣都生活在多雨的、高海拔的森林棲息地，但范圍更廣。小熊貓生活在尼泊爾、緬甸北部以及中國中部的山區(qū)。)”可推知，根據(jù)小熊貓和大熊貓的棲息地不同，可以輕易區(qū)分小熊貓和大熊貓。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Theredpandahasgivenscientiststaxonomicfits.(小熊貓給科學(xué)家提供了分類學(xué)上的依據(jù))”和“Ithasbeenclassifiedasarelativeofthegiantpanda,andalsooftheraccoon(它被歸類為大熊貓的近親，也被歸類為浣熊的近親)”以及下文“sharesaringedtail(都有一條環(huán)狀的尾巴)”可推知，此處意為小熊貓與浣熊相似，都有環(huán)狀的尾巴，所以文章第七段中帶下劃線的“it”指的是小熊貓。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文并且根據(jù)文章首段“Distantlyrelatedtothelarger,better-knownblack-and-whitegiantpanda,theredpandaisamerecreaturefoundinthemountainsofNepal,Myanmar,andcentralChina.(小熊貓與更大、更知名的黑白相間的大熊貓有著遠(yuǎn)親關(guān)系，它只是在尼泊爾、緬甸和中國中部山區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種動物)”可推知，本文的目的是向讀者介紹介紹一種獨(dú)特的動物——小熊貓。故選D項(xiàng)。CBornin1921,PaulSmithwasdiagnosedwithaseverediseasethataffectsmotorabilitiesandstrength.Sincehecouldnotgrasptheartist’stools,hiscreationsturnedtothetypewriter.Hisworksincludehischildhoodfascinationwithtrains,spiritualleaders,warscenesandcountryheroes.It’snotsomuchthesubjectthatisremarkableaboutPaul’swork,it’sthepainstakingskillofusingsymbolsonatypewritertoformperfectcopyofexistingwork,andcreativerepresentationsofhissurroundings.Paul’simagesemployedonlyahandfulofsymbolkeys-!,@,≠≠,％,∧,(,&,)—whichwereaccessiblealongthetoprowofhistypewriterkeyboard.Remarkable,whenapersonconsidersthathandtypewritersrequiredtheribbonstobepositioned,therollertobeadjusted,andthepapertobesecured.Typewriters,ofthattime,leftnoroomforerrorsinceerasingmistakenkeystrokeswasnotacleanoption.Ashetyped,hewouldlocktheshiftkeyinasafepositionnottotypenumbers.Heusedhislefthandtosteadyhisright.Differentsymbolscreatedthelookofvariedtextures(神韻),anddependingonthelooktoachieve,hewouldadjustthespacingtotypethesymbolsnearorfar.And,headjustedtherollertoperfectspacesbetweenlines.Dependingonitssizeandcomplexity,itcouldtakeanywherefromtwoweekstothreemonthstocompleteonepiece.Heworked,onaverage,acoupleofhourseverydayonhisart.Afterallofthatwork,onewouldn’tblamePaulifhesoughttosellhiswork,butbyallaccounts,hewouldgiveawayhispieces.Ashisdistinctiveartformgainedinterestfromothers,thenumberofordersforhisartworkincreased.In2023theworldlostPaulSmithattheageof85.ForthisAmerican,creatingartwasaleisurelypursuitandaformofexpression.Totheartworld,hesetahighbarfortypewriterartiststhatmanyhavetriedtomatch,butfewareabletorepeatit.8.WhatdoweknowaboutthetoolPaulSmithworkedwith?A.Ithasonlysymbolkeys. B.Itrequiresribbonsandaroller.C.Itisspeciallymadeforhim. D.Thespacingisnotadjustable.9.WhatdidPaulSmithhavetodotoworkouthisproduction?A.Locktheshiftkey. B.Erasemistakesneatly.C.Steadyallthesymbols. D.Adjustthekeysprecisely.10.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribePaulSmith’sworks?A.Primitive. B.Sensitive.C.Innovative. D.Timeefficient.11.WhatcanwelearnfromPaulSmith’sstory?A.Artcomesfromlife. B.Effortsworkwonders.C.Patienceisavirtue. D.Techniquedoescount.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了PaulSmith身殘志堅，通過自己努力，創(chuàng)造出了一種獨(dú)特的打字機(jī)，Paul的故事啟示我們，努力才能取得成功?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過文章第三段“Remarkable,whenapersonconsidersthathandtypewritersrequiredtheribbonstobepositioned,therollertobeadjusted,andthepapertobesecured.(當(dāng)一個人考慮到手動打字機(jī)需要定位色帶，調(diào)整滾筒，固定紙張時，這是很了不起的)”可知，PaulSmith使用的工具需要色帶和滾筒。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Ashetyped,hewouldlocktheshiftkeyinasafeposition(當(dāng)他打字時，他會把換檔鑰匙鎖在一個安全的位置）”可知，為了完成自己的作品，PaulSmith不得不鎖定換檔鑰匙。故選A項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Heusedhislefthandtosteadyhisright.Differentsymbolscreatedthelookofvariedtextures,anddependingonthelooktoachieve,hewouldadjustthespacingtotypethesymbolsnearorfar.And,headjustedtherollertoperfectspacesbetweenlines.(他用左手穩(wěn)住右手。不同的符號創(chuàng)造出不同紋理的外觀，根據(jù)所要實(shí)現(xiàn)的外觀，他會調(diào)整間距來輸入符號的遠(yuǎn)近。他還調(diào)整了滾筒，使其線條之間的間距達(dá)到完美。)”可推知，PaulSmith的想法非常具有創(chuàng)造力，他的作品是創(chuàng)新的一種方式。故選C項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。通過文章第一段“Bornin1921,PaulSmithwasdiagnosedwithaseverediseasethataffectsmotorabilitiesandstrength.Sincehecouldnotgrasptheartist’stools,hiscreationsturnedtothetypewriter.(出生于1921年的PaulSmith被診斷出患有一種嚴(yán)重的影響運(yùn)動能力和力量的疾病。由于他不能握住藝術(shù)家的工具，他的創(chuàng)作轉(zhuǎn)向了打字機(jī))”可知，PaulSmith雖然患病卻沒有放棄。又通過文章最后一段“Totheartworld,hesetahighbarfortypewriterartiststhatmanyhavetriedtomatch,butfewareabletorepeatit.(對于藝術(shù)界來說，他為打字機(jī)藝術(shù)家設(shè)置了一個很高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，很多人都試圖與之匹配，但很少有人能夠重復(fù))”可知，PaulSmith身患疾病卻為美國打字機(jī)藝術(shù)開創(chuàng)了一個未來。由此推知PaulSmith的故事啟示我們，努力就能創(chuàng)造奇跡。故選B項(xiàng)。DTheroleofmediahistoricallyhasbeencentraltothemakingofsocietyandtheconstructionofidentity.Itisvitalinthesearchforinformation,storiesandarttofeedthehumanspiritandimaginationtoovercomethechallengesahead.Inanageoffalsenewsandmisinformation,goodqualitycontentismorevaluablethanever.Historyprovidessomecontext.IntheUKthedevelopmentoftheliberal(自由的)mediapriortothe1950swascharacterizedbyaclearhierarchy(等級)whenitcametothecontrolofinformation.Thismodeleventuallygavewaytoapopular,audience-drivenmassmediainthe1980s,whentheideaofthemediaasasourceofpopularpleasuretookroot.Today,asmorecontentisdistributedviasocialplatformsandthedivisionbetweencontentcreatorsandcontentconsumersisunclear,technologycompanies—or“supercompetitors”—aretakinggreaterresponsibilityforguaranteeingthequalityandintegrityofinformation.Perhapsasareactiontothisandwithanoddnodtopre-1950spaternalism(家長式管理),thereisarisingcallforgovernmentsandregulatorstotakeamoreactiveroleintheproductionandspreadingofnewstoensureequitableaccesstoinformation.Accesstoorqualityofcontentisbetterthanever.Butwhiledestinationmediacompetetobecomeleadersintheirspecificareas,thetechgiantsareworkingouthowtousemediatodominatetime,spendanddata.Whatwillbetheimpactofthestrategiesofthetechgiantsontheoverallmedialandscape?Thepoetandnovelist,BenOkri,writes,“Itmaywellbethatitisnotonlysciencethatsavesus.Wemayalsobesavedbylaughter,bytheoptimismofbeingabletoseebeyondthesetimes,withstories,withcommunity,withsongs.”Intheabsenceofrealcontact,interactionandtheconsumptionofexperienceisnowmostlymediated(調(diào)解).Thevalueandintegrityofmediahasneverbeenmorerelevantandsignificant.12.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“somecontext”inParagraph2referto?A.Thedevelopmentoftheliberalmedia.B.ThemodeloftheBritishclearhierarchy.C.Thechangingoffactorsdeterminingmediacontent.D.Theideaofthemediaasasourceofpopularpleasure.13.Whatisthemajorproblemmediatodayarefacing?AMediaarelosingtheirrolesinshapingsociety.B.It’shardtodividecontentcreatorsandconsumers.C.Mediaaremisusedtodominatetime,spendanddata.D.Thequalityandintegrityofinformationcan’tbeavailable.14.WhatdoesBenOkriintendtotellus?A.Ourlifelackspassion. B.Peopleneedpropermediacontent.C.Sciencecanbyallmeanssaveus. D.Mediacannotchangethereallife.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheCoreofMedia—ValueandIntegrityB.TheTransformationofMediaContentC.TheImpactofTechGiantsonMediaD.TheUpsandDownsofMedia【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述媒體的發(fā)展和核心問題——媒體的價值觀和完整性。【12題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Historyprovidessomecontext.（歷史提供了一些背景。）”說明下文講述的是和somecontext有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。下文“IntheUKthedevelopmentoftheliberal(自由的)mediapriortothe1950swascharacterizedbyaclearhierarchy(等級)whenitcametothecontrolofinformation.Thismodeleventuallygavewaytoapopular,audience-drivenmassmediainthe1980s,whentheideaofthemediaasasourceofpopularpleasuretookroot.（在20世紀(jì)50年代之前的英國，自由媒體的發(fā)展特征是在信息控制方面有一個清晰的等級制度。這種模式最終在20世紀(jì)80年代被流行的、以觀眾為導(dǎo)向的大眾媒體所取代，當(dāng)時媒體作為大眾快樂的來源的想法開始生根。）”主要講述的是媒體內(nèi)容決定因素的變化。C項(xiàng)“Thechangingoffactorsdeterminingmediacontent.（決定媒體內(nèi)容的因素的變化。）”解釋了somecontext的內(nèi)容，符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Accesstoorqualityofcontentisbetterthanever.Butwhiledestinationmediacompetetobecomeleadersintheirspecificareas,thetechgiantsareworkingouthowtousemediatodominatetime,spendanddata.（對內(nèi)容的訪問或質(zhì)量比以往任何時候都好。但是，當(dāng)目的地媒體競相成為其特定領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者時，科技巨頭們正在研究如何利用媒體主導(dǎo)時間、花費(fèi)和數(shù)據(jù)。）”可知，今天媒體面臨的主要問題是被誤用來支配時間、花費(fèi)和數(shù)據(jù)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thepoetandnovelist,BenOkri,writes,“Itmaywellbethatitisnotonlysciencethatsavesus.Wemayalsobesavedbylaughter,bytheoptimismofbeingabletoseebeyondthesetimes,withstories,withcommunity,withsongs.”（詩人兼小說家BenOkri寫道：“很可能不僅僅是科學(xué)拯救了我們。通過故事、社區(qū)和歌曲，我們也可能被笑聲、能夠看到超越時代的樂觀精神所拯救?！保笨梢酝茢啵珺enOkri認(rèn)為人們需要適當(dāng)?shù)拿襟w內(nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Theroleofmediahistoricallyhasbeencentraltothemakingofsocietyandtheconstructionofidentity.Itisvitalinthesearchforinformation,storiesandarttofeedthehumanspiritandimaginationtoovercomethechallengesahead.（歷史上，媒體的作用一直是社會形成和身份建構(gòu)的核心。在尋找信息、故事和藝術(shù)的過程中，培養(yǎng)人類的精神和想象力以克服未來的挑戰(zhàn)是至關(guān)重要的。）”和最后一段“Thevalueandintegrityofmediahasneverbeenmorerelevantandsignificant.（媒體的價值觀和完整性從未像現(xiàn)在這樣重要。）”和全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述媒體的發(fā)展和核心問題——媒體的價值觀和完整性。所以A選項(xiàng)“TheCoreofMedia—ValueandIntegrity（媒體的核心——價值與誠信）”概括文章主旨，適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題分,滿分分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Scientistsrelyonjournalpaperstosharetheirscientificresults.____16____Onceresearchersareconfidentoftheirresults,theywriteupamanuscript(手稿)andsendittoajoumal.Editorsforwardthesubmittedmanuscriptstoatleasttwoexternalrefereeswhoareexpertinthetopic.Thesereviewerscansuggestthemanuscriptberejected,publishedasis,orsentbacktothescientistsformoreexperiments.____17____Researchpublishedinpeer-reviewedjournalshasundergonestrictqualitycontrolbyexperts.Eachyear,about2,800peer-reviewedjournalspublishroughlymillionscientificpapers.Thebodyofscientificknowledgeisconstantlyevolvingandupdating,butyoucantrustthatthesciencethesejournalsdescribeissound.Retractionpolicieshelpcorrecttherecordifmistakesarediscoveredpost-publication.____18____Togetthewordoutfaster,scientistssometimespostresearchpapersonwhat’scalledapreprintserver.Theseoftenhave“RXiv”—pronounced“archive”—intheirname:MedRXiv,BioRXivandsoon.Thesearticleshavenotbeenpeer-reviewedandsoarenotprovenbyotherscientists.Preprintsprovideanopportunityforotherscientiststoevaluateandusetheresearchasbuildingblocksintheirownworksooner.Howlonghasthisworkbeenonthepreprintserver?Ifit’sbeenmonthsandithasn’tyetbeenpublishedinthepeer-reviewedliterature,beveryskeptical.____19____DuringtheCOVID-19crisis,withresearchershurryingtounderstandadangerousnewvirusandrushingtodeveloplifesavingtreatments,preprintservershavebeenlitteredwithimmatureandunprovenscience.Demandingresearchstandardshavebeensacrificedforspeed.Besmartlyawareofresearchpublishedinwhatarecalledpredatory(損人利己的)journals.____20____Papersfromanyofthethousandsofknownpredatoryjournalsshouldbetreatedwithstrongskepticism.A.Thatprocessiscalled“peerreview”.B.Peerreviewnormallytakesmonths.C.Calltoconfirmthattheyareprovencorrect.D.However,theycan’tguaranteethepapersarecorrect.E.Theylettheworldseewhatresearchhasbeendone,andhow.F.Theydon’tpeer-reviewmanuscripts,andtheychargeauthorsafeetopublish.G.Thescientistssubmittingthepreprintmaynotcomefromareliableinstitution.【答案】16.E17.A18.B19.G20.F【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。文章講述了科學(xué)家發(fā)表研究論文的過程，并提醒要警惕在損人利己期刊上發(fā)表的科學(xué)論文?！?6題詳解】上文“Scientistsrelyonjournalpaperstosharetheirscientificresults.”講述科學(xué)家們依靠期刊來分享他們的科學(xué)成果，E項(xiàng)“他們讓世界看看做了什么研究，以及如何做的?！迸c上文是因果關(guān)系，they指代上文提到的“Scientists”，說明科學(xué)家分享科學(xué)成果的目的。故選E?！?7題詳解】上文“Onceresearchersareconfidentoftheirresults,theywriteupamanuscript(手稿)andsendittoajournal.Editorsforwardthesubmittedmanuscriptstoatleasttwoexternalrefereeswhoareexpertinthetopic.Thesereviewerscansuggestthemanuscriptberejected,publishedasis,orsentbacktothescientistsformoreexperiments.(一旦研究人員對他們的結(jié)果有信心，他們就寫一份手稿發(fā)送給雜志。編輯們將提交的手稿轉(zhuǎn)交給至少兩名擔(dān)任該話題專家的外部審閱人。這些評論者可以建議拒絕手稿，按原樣發(fā)表，或寄回科學(xué)家那里進(jìn)行更多的實(shí)驗(yàn)。)”講述了研究結(jié)果發(fā)布的過程，A項(xiàng)中的“Thatprocess”與上文提到的內(nèi)容相符，因此推斷A項(xiàng)“這個過程被稱為‘同行評審’”符合語境。故選A?！?8題詳解】下文“Togetthewordoutfaster,scientistssometimespostresearchpapersonwhat’scalledapreprintserver.(為了更快地傳播這個信息，科學(xué)家們有時會在所謂的預(yù)刊上發(fā)表研究論文)”可推斷，有時發(fā)表論文需要時間比較長，B項(xiàng)中的“takesmonths”與之相符，“Peerreview”與上文的話題相符。B項(xiàng)“同行評審?fù)ǔＰ枰獛讉€月的時間?！狈险Z境，與下文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。故選B。【19題詳解】上文“Ifit’sbeenmonthsandithasn’tyetbeenpublishedinthepeer-reviewedliterature,beveryskeptical.”介紹如果論文在預(yù)刊上已經(jīng)幾個月了，還沒有在同行互審的期刊上發(fā)表，那這篇論文就很可疑。下文“DuringtheCOVID-19crisis,withresearchershurryingtounderstandadangerousnewvirusandrushingtodeveloplifesavingtreatments,preprintservershavebeenlitteredwithimmatureandunprovenscience.Demandingresearchstandardshavebeensacrificedforspeed.(在新冠疫情期間，研究人員急于了解一種危險的新病毒，并急于開發(fā)挽救生命的治療方法，預(yù)刊上充斥著不成熟和未經(jīng)證實(shí)的科學(xué)知識。為了速度，犧牲了嚴(yán)格的研究標(biāo)準(zhǔn))”陳述為了速度犧牲了嚴(yán)格的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，G項(xiàng)中的“maynotcomefromareliableinstitution”與上文的“skeptical”一致，G項(xiàng)“提交預(yù)印本的科學(xué)家可能不是來自可靠的機(jī)構(gòu)?！狈险Z境，提到了可疑論文可能的原因，下文介紹新冠期間的例子繼續(xù)說明科學(xué)家提交不可靠論文的原因。故選G?！?0題詳解】上文“Besmartlyawareofresearchpublishedinwhatarecalledpredatory(損人利己的)journals.(要明智地了解發(fā)表在所謂的損人利己期刊上的研究)”提到一些損人利己期刊發(fā)表的科學(xué)論文，下文“Papersfromanyofthethousandsofknownpredatoryjournalsshouldbetreatedwithstrongskepticism.(成千上萬已知的損人利己的期刊中的任何一篇論文都應(yīng)該受到強(qiáng)烈的懷疑。)”說明這些期刊上論文應(yīng)該懷疑，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“他們不會對手稿進(jìn)行同行評議，他們向作者收取出版費(fèi)用?！狈险Z境，其中的“they”指代上文的“predatory(損人利己的)journals”，“don’tpeer-reviewmanuscripts,andtheychargeauthorsafeetopublish”說明這些論文沒有同行互審，向作者收取出版作品的費(fèi)用，因此是值得懷疑，與下文相符。故選F。第二部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Iwasboundtotraveltenmilestopickupafamilyfromaspecificlocation.Atthemomenttheywereinmy___21___,Iwasawarethatthecouplehad___22___theseatbelts,butnotthekidstheyweretravelingwith.ThenIsteppedoutofthecarandopenedthe___23___tohandtheseatbeltstothekids.Theparentsrefusedmy___24___,inthattheywereinarush.I___25___themifIwasdeclined,thenwhatkindof___26___wasthatforthechildren.Theywereonlyatlessthantwokilometersdistancefromtheirhome,butthecabcompany’spoliciesandthestate___27___lawsaboutseatbeltsaremymain___28___becauseIknowIcansavemyselfandothersfromaccidents.Iassumedthatthekidsappeared___29___oftheirparents,fortheydidn’tprotestabit.Buttheyeventuallystruggledtousethebelts.Onthataccount,Ididnot____30____thisincidenttothecabcompany,giventhosekidsbehavedso____31____thattheydidn’tnecessarilypayfortheirparents’____32____.Itookgreatprideinthosekids,astheywerenotthatsortofpeopletheirparentswere.Thecompanyhasbeen____33____itssecuritypolicieswhichrequirethedrivertowatchoutforthepassengers’____34____aswellasprovidingexcellentservices.Icongratulatedthekidsontheirpresenceatallschoolclassestheyhadbeenattending,andInoticethattheschoolsystemworksalotbetterdaybydayforthosewho____35____theclasses.21.A.sight B.position C.vehicle D.charge22.A.loosened B.ignored C.discovered D.secured23.A.trunk B.window C.engine D.door24.A.signal B.offer C.response D.instruction25.A.reminded B.guaranteed C.comforted D.forgave26.A.victim B.witness C.phenomenon D.model27.A.civil B.education C.traffic D.1abour28.A.task B.concern C.target D.barrier29.A.aware B.fearful C.proud D.doubtful30.A.recommend B.connect C.refer D.owe31A.perfectly B.differently C.badly D.strangely32.A.disrespect B.misunderstanding C.unconcern D.humbleness33.A.adapting B.surveying C.making D.conducting34.A.manners B.discipline C.safety D.mood35.A.value B.provide C.reform D.improve【答案】21.C22.D23.D24.B25.A26.D27.C28.B29.B30.C31.A32.A33.D34.C35.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。作者是一位出租車司機(jī)，講述了自己在接客人的時候要求孩子系好安全帶，家長不配合。作者希望家長做個好的榜樣，遵紀(jì)守法。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們上了我的車時，我意識到這對夫婦系好了安全帶，但他們的孩子沒有。A.sight景象；B.position職位，位置；C.vehicle機(jī)動車輛；D.charge收費(fèi)，起訴。根據(jù)上文“pickup”及“seatbelt”及第二段首“ThenIsteppedoutofthecar”可知，作者是開車接人，乘客上了他的車（vehicle）。故選C項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們上了我的車時，我意識到這對夫婦系好了安全帶，但他們的孩子沒有。A.loosened松開；B.ignored忽略，不理睬；C.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.secured綁好，確保安全。根據(jù)下文第三段首“ThenIsteppedoutofthecarandopenedthe___3___tohandtheseatbeltstothekids.（然后我下了車，打開車門，把安全帶遞給孩子們。）”可知，一開始家長是系好了（secured）安全帶了，而孩子沒有。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我下了車，打開車門，把安全帶遞給孩子們。A.trunk樹干，后備箱；B.window窗戶；C.engine發(fā)動機(jī)；D.door門。我應(yīng)該是坐駕駛座，孩子坐后面乘客座。所以我下了車，打開后面乘客座的門，遞給孩子安全帶。故選D項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：父母拒絕了我的提議，因?yàn)樗麄兒苤?。A.signal信號；B.offer提議；C.response回應(yīng)，回復(fù)；D.instruction指令。根據(jù)上文“…h(huán)andtheseatbeltstothekids.”我主動遞給孩子安全帶，提出要求他們系好，及下文“inarush”可知，父母急著趕路，拒絕了我提出讓孩子系安全帶的要求，認(rèn)為浪費(fèi)時間。故選B項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我提醒他們，如果我被拒絕了，那對孩子們來說是個什么樣的榜樣。A.reminded提醒；B.guaranteed保證；C.comforted安慰；D.forgave寬恕。為人父母，應(yīng)以身作則，遵守交通法規(guī)家長應(yīng)該都知道的，我提醒他們，注意一下自己應(yīng)該為孩子做個好的榜樣。故選A項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我提醒他們，如果我被拒絕了，那對孩子們來說是個什么樣的榜樣。A.victim受害者；B.witness目擊證人；C.phenomenon現(xiàn)象；D.model榜樣。家長的行為就是孩子的榜樣。故選D項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們離他們家只有不到兩公里的距離，但是出租車公司的政策和州關(guān)于安全帶的交通法律是我主要關(guān)心的，因?yàn)槲抑牢铱梢詮氖鹿手姓茸约汉推渌?。A.civil平民，公民的；B.education教育；C.traffic交通；D.1abour勞動。由空后“abouttheseatbelt”可知，關(guān)于座位安全帶的法規(guī)應(yīng)該是交通法規(guī)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們離他們家只有不到兩公里的距離，但是出租車公司的政策和州關(guān)于安全帶的交通法律是我主要關(guān)心的，因?yàn)槲抑牢铱梢詮氖鹿手姓茸约汉推渌?。A.task任務(wù)；B.concern關(guān)心；C.target目標(biāo)靶子；D.barrier障礙。我作為出租車司機(jī)，公司制度和交通法規(guī)是我關(guān)心的事兒（concern）。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我猜想孩子們似乎害怕他們的父母，因?yàn)樗麄円稽c(diǎn)也沒有抗議。A.aware意識到的；B.fearful害怕的；C.proud驕傲的；D.doubtful懷疑的。根據(jù)下文“fortheydidn’tprotestabit（他們一點(diǎn)也沒抗議）”可以推知孩子害怕父母，很聽話的樣子。故選B項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：出于這個原因，我沒有把這件事告訴出租車公司，因?yàn)檫@些孩子表現(xiàn)得如此完美，他們不必為父母的不尊重付出代價。A.recommend推薦，建議；B.connect聯(lián)系，連接；C.refer提交......處理，提及；D.owe欠，歸功。乘客不系安全帶，屬于違規(guī)行為，我應(yīng)該告知公司，可是鑒于孩子很配合，表現(xiàn)很好，所以我沒有向公司報告此事兒。故選C項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：出于這個原因，我沒有把這件事告訴出租車公司，因?yàn)檫@些孩子表現(xiàn)得如此完美，他們不必為父母的不尊重付出代價。A.perfectly完美地；B.differently不同地；C.badly很差地，嚴(yán)重地；D.strangely奇怪地。根據(jù)上文“fortheydidn’tprotestabit.Buttheyeventuallystruggledtousethebelts.”孩子們沒有抗議，費(fèi)半天勁兒用了安全帶，及下文“Itookgreatprideinthosekids”可知，我認(rèn)為孩子們的表現(xiàn)很棒。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：出于這個原因，我沒有把這件事告訴出租車公司，因?yàn)檫@些孩子表現(xiàn)得如此完美，他們不必為父母的不尊重付出代價。A.disrespect不尊重；B.misunderstanding誤解；C.unconcern不關(guān)心；D.humbleness卑微，謙遜。根據(jù)上文“Theparentsrefusedmyoffer__”可知我主動遞給孩子安全帶，讓孩子系好，父母拒絕了我的主動提出，應(yīng)該是認(rèn)為孩子不用綁安全帶了，怪麻煩的。這是對法律和司機(jī)及生命安全的不尊重。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：公司一直在執(zhí)行其安全政策，要求司機(jī)關(guān)注乘客的安全，并提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)。A.adapting適應(yīng)，改編；B.surveying調(diào)查；C.making制造，使；D.conducting執(zhí)行，主持。主語是company公司，賓語是itssecuritypolicies安全政策，應(yīng)使用動詞conduct（執(zhí)行）。故選D項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：該公司一直在執(zhí)行其安全政策，要求司機(jī)關(guān)注乘客的安全，并提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)。A.manners禮儀；B.discipline紀(jì)律；C.safety安全；D.mood情緒。出租車公司會要求司機(jī)關(guān)注乘客的安全。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我祝賀孩子們在他們上過的所有學(xué)校班級里的表現(xiàn)，我注意到對于那些重視課堂的人來說，學(xué)校的教育體系一天比一天好。A.value重視；B.provide提供；C.reform改革；D.improve改進(jìn)，提高。此處表示孩子們表現(xiàn)很好，應(yīng)該是在學(xué)校好好學(xué)習(xí)了，應(yīng)該是很重視課堂，認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)的。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ShanghaiCultureSquare(SCS)onMarch24announcedtheplansfortheperformingyear2023,whi