同位語從句以及講解

1、同位語從句1、 理解同位語從句的含義，把握同位語從句的實(shí)質(zhì) 在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等詞引導(dǎo)，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名詞后面，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之，同位語從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系，對其內(nèi)容作

2、進(jìn)一步說明。 例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個學(xué)校。 析：they had won the game說明The news的全部內(nèi)容，因此該句為同位語從句。 二、正確運(yùn)用同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，準(zhǔn)確把握同位語從句 1.如同位語從句意義完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。（即that 不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略） 例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river

3、 at once.將軍下達(dá)了戰(zhàn)士們立即過河的命令。 2.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加是否的含義，應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句。（if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句） 例：Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運(yùn)動會是否會如期舉行的問題。 析：the sports meeting will be held on time意義不完整，應(yīng)加是否的含義才能表達(dá)the problem的全部內(nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句。 3.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加什么時候、什么地點(diǎn)、什么方

4、式等含義，應(yīng)用when, where, how等詞引導(dǎo)同位語從句。 例1：I have no idea when he will be back. 例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike. 4. 當(dāng)主句的謂語較短，而同位語從句較長時，同位語從句常后置。 如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 3、 把握同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別，明確同位語從句和相似從句的界限 同位語從句和定語從句相似，都放在某一名詞或代詞后面，但同位語從句不同

5、于定語從句。同位語從句對名詞加以補(bǔ)充說明，是名詞全部內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn)，且名詞和同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞均不在從句中作成分；定語從句說明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，且名詞和定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞均在從句中作成分。 區(qū)分時可以在先行詞與從句之間加一個系動詞be,使之構(gòu)成一個新句子，如果句子通順且符合邏輯，則為同位語從句，反之，則為定語從句。 如：The report that he was going to resign was false. 因?yàn)閠he report was that he was going to resign 句意通順，所以，that he was going to re

6、sign 是同位語從句。 例1： 1）Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 析：答案為B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的內(nèi)容，且Information不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語從句。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于： 2）It is said that more

7、middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward. A. what B. that C. when D. as 析：答案為B。that has been put forward為information的修飾性定語，且information在從句中作主語，所以該句為定語從句。 例2：She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91) A. it B.

8、 which C. this D. that 析：答案為B。分析語境含義、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分可知，該句為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為a terrible noise，且它在從句中作主語。I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly. A. It B. which C. this D. that 析：答案為D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的內(nèi)容，且the terrible noise不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語從句。 鞏固性練習(xí)： 1. The fact _ she works

9、hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 2. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A. hat B. what C. which D. why 3. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 4. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B.

10、 that C./ D. it 5. I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./ 6. Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 7. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that 8. The order _

11、 the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. A. that B. as C. of which D. which 10. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that

12、D. when Keys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA 同位語從句和定語從句的三點(diǎn)區(qū)別 同位語從句和定語從句很相似,但還是有區(qū)別的,區(qū)別主要在以下三方面: 1. 從詞類上區(qū)別 同位語前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞。而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞，代詞，主句的一部分或是整個主句。如: The possibility that the majority of the labour force

13、 will work at home is often discussed. (同位語從句) Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我們的隊(duì)贏了,這讓我們很高興?(定語從句) 2. 從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別 定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如: The news that our team has won the game was true. 我們隊(duì)贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。(同位語從句,補(bǔ)充說明news到底是一個什么消息） The

14、news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的。(定語從句,news在從句中作told的賓語) 3. 從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別 有些引導(dǎo)詞如how, whether, what可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。如: That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我們是否需要它這個問題還沒有考慮。(同位語從句) I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他發(fā)生了什么事。(同位語從句) 引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)

15、定語從句時,在從句中一般作主語或賓語(指物時還可以用which代替),并且作賓語時常常省略。that在同位語從句中僅起連接作用,不充當(dāng)任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which來代替。如: The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我們應(yīng)派幾個人去幫別的幾個小組的命令昨天收到了。(同位語從句,是對order的具體解釋,that雖不作成分,但不能省略) The order that we received yesterday was that we sho

16、uld send a few people to help the other groups. 我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個人去幫助別的幾個小組。(定語從句,是名詞order的修飾語,that在從句中作received的賓語,可以省略) 在使用同位語從句時，應(yīng)注意以下幾個方面： 1、 同位語從句在句中的位置 1. 一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以說明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。 例如： The news that our women volleyball team had won the champio

17、nship encouraged us all greatly. 我們女排贏得冠軍的消息大大地鼓舞了我們所有人。 Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 我從王先生那邊得知一個消息，他說他今天下午不能來看你了。 2. 有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后，而被別的詞語隔開，在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。例如： The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left

18、home. 她突然想起可能在她離開家時沒把門關(guān)上。 二、同位語從句前名詞的數(shù) 同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞（word除外）加以修飾。例如： Where did you get the idea that I could not come？ 你在哪兒聽說我不能來？ Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. 答應(yīng)我，你今天晚上要來參加我們的晚會。 三、同位語從句連接詞的選用 在英語中，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通常有連詞（that，who，whether），連接副詞（how，when，whe

19、re）等。例如： They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 對你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。 The question who should do the work requires consideration. 誰該做這項(xiàng)工作，這個問題需要考慮。 We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 我們還沒有決定到什么地方去度暑假。 注：在名詞doubt“懷疑”后的同位語從句用whether

20、連接；在no doubt“不懷疑”之后的同位語從句用that連接。例如： We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time. 我們懷疑他們是否能準(zhǔn)時完成任務(wù)。 There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise. 我們相信張衛(wèi)會守信的。 同位語從句：that 有些名詞的后面可以接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句： We came to the decision that we must act at once. 我們做出決定：我們必須立即行動。 以下名詞常用于以上句型：advice，announcement，argument，bel