高中英語語法之名詞性從句

高中英語語法之名詞性從句一、名詞性從句之---主語從句1.主語從句：相當(dāng)于主語的句子Whowillgomakesnodifference.Whathesaidisnottrue.Whetherhecomesornotisuncertain.Whetherwewillgoforapicnictomorrowdependsontheweather.Thatthewoodedsoldierisstillaliveisawonder.2.引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞：連詞：that,whether連接代詞：what(ever),who(ever),which(ever)，whose,

連接副詞：when,where,how,why充當(dāng)主語/賓語/定語等起連接作用不充當(dāng)成分充當(dāng)狀語表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因Whenyourunclewillarrivewasnotmentionedinhisletter.Wherethepainterisfromisunknowntousall.Howwe’llsolvetheproblemshouldbediscussedagainWhyyouwenttherealonemustbeexplainedtous.連接副詞：when,where,how,why引導(dǎo)的主語從句3.it做形式主語ThatweshouldmasterEnglishwellisimportant.ItisimportantthatweshouldmasterEnglishwell.Whowillbesenttothefronthasn’tbeendecidedyet.Ithasn’tbeendecidedyetwhowillbesenttothefront.常見的固定句型：It的用法:(形式主語)It’possible/important/necessary/clear…that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…It’ssaid/reported…that...據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道…It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat...已經(jīng)通知/宣布…Itseems/appears/happens..that…看似/顯然/碰巧..It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/無疑…It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(眾所周知)/acommonsayingthat…(俗話說)

It

+be+adj(important/essential/natural/necessary)+thatsb.shoulddosth.It+be+adj(amazing/clear/certain…)+that從句Itiscertainthatwewilldoagoodjob.Itisveryclearthatweshouldleave.B.

It+be+n(

apity/afact/agoodidea/anhonor/amystery/apleasure/ashame/awonder/achallenge…)

+that從句Itisstillamysteryhowtheprisonerescaped.Itisstillaquestionwhetherwecangothere.It’snowonderthathewinthegame.C.it+be+

(known/said/reported/believed/suggested/stressed…)

+that/wh-從句Itisknowntoallthatheartattackisterrible.Itisreportedthathehaswonthebet.以上三種句型表建議，要求，責(zé)任，義務(wù)，或愿望從句謂語常用should+do,should可以省略。Itissuggestedthatyou(should)takeit.Itisnecessarythatyoushouldstop.D.It+happened(occurto/seem/matter/appear…)+that/wh-clauseIthappenedthatIwaslateforschool.Itmatterswhetherhewillacceptourinvitation.1、賓語從句賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語從句在復(fù)合句中起賓語作用，可以作動詞的賓語，也可以作介詞的賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從句詞有連詞that，if，whether連接代詞who，whose，what，which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever連接副詞when，where，how(以及how構(gòu)成的詞組)，why等。二、賓語從句TheObjectClause1.Ihear(that)___________.(一小時(shí)后會回來)2.Hesaid(that)___________.(他非常想我們)3.Theteachertoldus(that)_____________.

(地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)）賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略：當(dāng)that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時(shí),

第二個從句起that引導(dǎo)詞不能?。划?dāng)that作介詞賓語時(shí),that不可省掉。用it做形式賓語的賓語從句。

1.Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.2.Thereasonliesin

thatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.3.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.2.由從屬連詞if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓從Iwanttoknow_____________________（他是否和我們一起去公園）Askhim_______________（他是否能來）

Idon’tknow______________（是否要下雨）if/wetherhewillgototheparkwithusif/wetherhecancomeWetheritisgoingtorainornotwhetherornot連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)不用if練一練:if/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.4.Idon’tknow_______togo.5.Hedoesn’tcare________itisn’tafineday.if/

whetherwhetherwhetherwhether注：1.表示“是否”后接動詞不定式時(shí)用whether(whethertodosth.)2.賓語從句是否定句時(shí)一般用if引導(dǎo)if3.由連接代詞(what,who,whom,which,whose)連接副詞(when,where,how,why)引導(dǎo)的賓從Heasked_________________？（誰能回答這個問題）Doyouknow_________________？（他們在等誰）Heasked_____________________？

（誰的書法是班上最好的）Pleasetell___________________.（我們什么時(shí)候開會）whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclasswhenwe’llhaveameeting?Canyoutellme______________（他在哪兒）Couldyoutellme______________（怎樣到達(dá)車站）Wouldyoutellme_______________（火車為什么晚點(diǎn)）whereheishowIcangettothestation?whythetrainwaslate?注：因?yàn)檫B接代詞或連接副詞在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分,具有一定的意義,所以不可以省略。4.帶how的詞組也都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句1.CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?2.Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?3.Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?4.Idon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.5.Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool.6.Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?5.“疑問詞+ever”whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever引導(dǎo)賓語從句I’llshowyouwhateveryouwanttosee.Helikestomakesfriendswithwhoevershareshisinterest.二、注意正確使用時(shí)態(tài)如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)或祈使句時(shí)，賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)不受限制

Ihearheisheretoday/hewashereyesterday/hewillbeheretomorrow.2.如果主句是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句應(yīng)與主句保持一致，即使用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。

HesaidhewaswatchingTV/hehadsweptthefloor/hewouldplayfootballafterschool.3.如果賓語從句所敘述的是客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象、科學(xué)真理等時(shí)，從句不受主句限制，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

Everyoneansweredtherearesixtyminutesinanhour.1.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey____________(play).basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey______________(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)

will

be

goes

wereplaying

havereturned

hadbeen三、注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移:主語謂語動詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等,其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上Idon’tthinkthatthisdressfitsyouwell.我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。Idon’tsupposethatitistrue.我認(rèn)為那不是真的。一Doyoubelieveitwillclearup?一Ibelieveso.我認(rèn)為會這樣。Idon'tbelieveso.(或Ibelievenot.)我認(rèn)為不會這樣。Idoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.Idon’tdoubt

thatwewillwinthematch.Doyoudoubt

thathediditonhisown?四、doubt問題肯定句中用if/whether否定句中用that

疑問句中用that1.Idoubt_________heistellingthetruth.2.Weneverdoubt_________theplanwillbecarriedout.3.Doeshedoubt_________youarefromAustralia?4.I’mdoubtful_________hewillagreetothis.

if/whether

that

that

if/whether1.表語從句放在連系動詞之后，充當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的表語。Thequestioniswhowilldoit.系動詞表語從句2.（系動詞）+引導(dǎo)詞+簡單句

WhatIwanttosayisthatIamtired.引導(dǎo)詞表語從句三、PredicativeClauses表語從句連接詞:that/whether(

if不引導(dǎo)表語從句)/asif/asthough連接代詞:who/whom/whose/which/what連接副詞:when/where/why/how/becauseThequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.That’swhyIwaslate.注意：在表語從句中,表“是否”時(shí),只能用“whether”

不能用“if”。2.一般情況下，“that”不能省。3.Itis/wasbecause…Itis/waswhy…4.Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat…5.Thereasonisbecause/why…that….3.引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類：

1)可接表從的連系動詞有be（is,am,are,was,were）,look,seem,sound,appear等。

Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.

Thequestionremainswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.

Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightword.

Itseemsthathewaslateforthetrain.

Itappearsthatshewaswrong.

2)because,why引導(dǎo)的表語從句

That‘sbecausehedidn’tunderstandme.

(That'sbecause...強(qiáng)調(diào)原因)

That'swhyhegotangrywithme.

(That'swhy...強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)

ThereasonwhyIwassadwasthathedidn'tunderstandme.

3）wh-疑問詞引導(dǎo)表語從句

Myquestioniswholeft.

WhatIwonderiswhenheleft.

That'swhathewants.

Thisiswheretheyoncelived.

Thatiswhyhedidn'tcomehere.使用虛擬語氣的表語從句在表示建議、命令、要求、計(jì)劃等含義的名詞（常見的詞有：advice,suggestion,order,request,plan,idea等）后的表語從句，謂語動詞需用“should+動詞原形”表示，should可以省略。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。Myideaisthatweshouldthinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.1.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.2.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.3.WordcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.4.Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.ThenewsideaWordthequestion觀察下列句子劃紅線的部分。四、同位語從句

1.概念:在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。2.功能:同位語從句對名詞進(jìn)一步解釋、說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容。3.用法:常跟的抽象名詞有:fact/idea/reason/thought/order/doubt/news/hope/truth/belief/theory/decision/discovery/problem/evidence/opinion…4.連接詞that/whether/who/which/what/when/where/why/how連接詞that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分,只起連接作用,不可省略.Hetoldmethenewsthathewouldcomehomefromaboardsoon.他告訴我一個消息,他馬上要從國外回國.Thereisnodoubtthatthepricesofcarswillgodown.只用whether引導(dǎo),不用if，而且whether不充當(dāng)成分。這個問題是否正確還未被證實(shí).Theproblem________isrighthasn’tbeenproved.連接詞whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句whether連接詞代詞what/which/who引導(dǎo)的同位語從句1.誰會出國這個問題還未決定.2.我不知道該選哪個.1.Thequestion_____shouldgoabroadhasn’tbeendecidedyet.2.Ihavenoidea______oneIshouldchoose.whichwho(定語)(主)在從句中充當(dāng)成分連接詞副詞when/where/why/how引導(dǎo)的同位語從句1.我了解他們?yōu)槭裁措x開得那么早.2.我們還沒決定好去哪兒.1.I’vegotagoodidea_____theyleftearly.2.Thequestion_______weshouldgohasnotbeendecided.whywhereWewereexcitedatthenews.Ourfootballteamhadwonathirdmatch.Theyhavemadeanewplan.Anotherexperimentbuildingwillbeputupbesidethelibrary.

合并成一句Wewereexcitedatthenewsthatourfootballteamhadwonathirdmatch.Theyhavemadeanewplanthatanotherexperimentbuildingwillbeputupbesidethelibrary.3.Theyhadthequestion.Couldhepassthefinalexam?4.Whodidthedamagedcomputerbelongto?Noonehadanyidea.

Theyhadthequestionwhetherhecouldpassthefinalexam.Noonehadanyideawhothedamagedcomputerbelongedto.5.Theproblemhasbeensolved.Whyweresomanyareasfloodedduringtheheavystorm?

Theproblemwhysomanyareaswerefloodedduringtheheavystormhasbeensolved.thirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.7.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.8.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.9.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.同位語從句與定語從句區(qū)別1.從詞類上區(qū)別

同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等表抽象意義的名詞，而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或是整個主句。Hetoldmethenewsthathewouldcomehomefromaboardsoon.Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.據(jù)說他已經(jīng)出國了。Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.我們的隊(duì)贏了,這讓我們很高興。(同位語從句)(定語從句)

2.從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制，屬于形容詞性從句的范疇；而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說明和解釋，屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如:Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameistrue.

我們隊(duì)贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。(同位語從句,補(bǔ)充說明news到底是一個什么消息)Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的。(定語從句,news在從句中作told的賓語)3.從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別有些引導(dǎo)詞如how,whether,what可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。如:Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.我們是否需要它這個問題還沒有考慮。(同位語從句)引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，在從句中一般作主語或賓語(指物時(shí)還可以用which代替)，并且作賓語時(shí)常常省略，that在同位語從句中僅起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which來代替。如:Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.我們應(yīng)派幾個人去幫別的幾個小組的命令昨天收到了。(同位語從句,是對order的具體解釋that雖不作成分,但不能省略)Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個人去幫助別的幾個小組。(定語從句,是名詞order的修飾語,that在從句中作received的賓語,可以省略)Thenewsthatwehadsuccessfullysentupanothercommunicationsatellitespreadthroughouttheworld.2.That’sthebestpieceofnewsI’veheard.3.I’venohopethatmyparentshavebeenexpectingtome.判斷下列哪些含有同位語從句，哪些含有定語從句。定語從句定語從句同位語從句4.Isthereanyhopethathewillbehomeat7:30?5.Thepossibilitythatyoureferredtodoesn’texistatall.6.Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.7.ThereisastrongpossibilitythatwemaybeinFranceforthenextweek.定語從句定語從句同位語從句同位語從句1.____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhat/becauseBWhat/thatCThat/whatDThat/because2.___shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.AWhat/whyBThat/whatCWhat/becauseDWhy/thatBAB3.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis__heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason4___hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever5.Informationhasbeenputforward__moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.AthatBhowCwhereDwhatDA6.___isnopossibility___Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,whichA7–IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.--Isthat___youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere8Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that’s___.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcitedAA.__fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly__hewants.AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11.Wemadethesuggestionthathe___hiswork.Acontinues

Bcontinue

CcontinuedDhadcontinuedBABwillbeaspecialpricefor____buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.Whomever13.Marywroteanarticleon____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that(05)pooryoungmanisreadytoaccept__helphecanget.(05)newspaperprintedthegovernor’sstatement_____wouldsupportataxcut.andheB.wasthatheCwhichheDthathemanmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.Thatisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.A.HoweverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever18.Canyoumakesure___thegoldrings?A.whereshehadputB.wherehadsheputC.whereshehasputD.wherehassheputreasonthathasbeensuchasuccess___henevergivesup.A.isB.isbecauseC.isthatD.iswhat20.______breaksthelawshouldbepunished.AWhoeverb.Nomatterwhoc.anyone.d.who

21.Thatis___Ihadtotaketheriskofbeingwashedaway.A.whyB.reasonwhyC.howD.what22