新概念英語第二冊(cè)Lesson4(Tina)新班

NCE-2NewConceptEnglishLesson4Anexcitingtrip

【SpecialDifficulties】難點(diǎn)

動(dòng)詞+雙賓語雙賓語：間接賓語（人）直接賓語（物）

v.+間接賓語+直接賓語

v.+直接賓語+to/for+間接賓語

v.+人+物givesb.sthv.+物+to/for+人givesth.tosb.to:對(duì)……而言;給

for:為/替……而做

handabooktome.=handmeabook【SpecialDifficulties】難點(diǎn)經(jīng)常和for搭配的詞有：

buysth.forsb.makesth.forsb.findsth.forsb.ordersth.forsb.

ExerciseHepaidsomemoneytotheshop-keeper.→Herfriendboughtherabook.→ExercisesExercisesLesson4exciting[ik'saiti?]a.令人興奮的receive [ri'si:v]v.接受，收到firm[f?:m]n.商行，公司different['difr?nt]a.不同的centre['sent?]n.中心abroad [?'br?:d]ad.在國(guó)外ListeningpartNewLesson

Lesson4Anexcitingtrip激動(dòng)人心的旅行

Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommybrother,Tim.

HeisinAustralia.

Hehasbeenthereforsixmonths.Timisanengineer.

HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.HehasjustboughtanAustraliancarandhasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.HewillsoonvisitDarwin.Fromthere,hewillflytoPerth.Mybrotherhasneverbeenabroadbefore,soheisfindingthistripveryexciting.WritedownkeyphrasesLesson4Anexcitingtrip

激動(dòng)人心的旅行anexcitingtrip激動(dòng)人心的旅行receivealetterfromsb.=hearfromsb.收到某人來信anumberof/agreat(large)numberof+可數(shù)名詞很多…agreatdealof+不可數(shù)名詞alotof=lotsof+可數(shù)/不可數(shù)plentyof+可數(shù)/不可數(shù)inthecentreofsw.在某地方的中心（地理位置）inthemiddleof在某一個(gè)地方的中部（時(shí)間、過程的中部）flytosw.飛往某地makesb./sth.+adj./findsb./sth.+adj.havegonetosw.去某地未回havebeentosw.去某地已回現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)Winter

hasalready

come.Grammar現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式：主語+

have

+

done

has助動(dòng)詞過去分詞Grammar用來表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系:動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去,但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。

Theyhaveleft.--他們已經(jīng)離開了,也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里。

Ihave

hadmylunch.--我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了,也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

Hehas

learnedEnglishsince2001.--從2001年開始學(xué)的,現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢。He

has

learnedEnglishfortwelveyears.--他已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)英語長(zhǎng)達(dá)12年了。nowpastfuture一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示的是純粹在過去發(fā)生的事情現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài),或者發(fā)生在過去卻對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響Grammar

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較

1）一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.

(強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）2一般過去時(shí)常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊時(shí)間狀語連用或無時(shí)間狀語。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:

yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,…--具體的時(shí)間狀語

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:

for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,…--模糊的時(shí)間狀語句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)錯(cuò)Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.對(duì)Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較

3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.

一般過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的動(dòng)作不是延續(xù)的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))

Grammar延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。比較延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞

Hehasfinishedthework.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。(表結(jié)果)

I’veknownhimsincethen.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷)Grammarsince用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間—“自從……”for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度—“長(zhǎng)達(dá)……”Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.

IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.

Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.

Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比較since和for并非有for作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.

(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.

(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)GrammarHehasgonetoShanghai.他(已經(jīng))去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾經(jīng))去過上海。比較have/hasbeento,have/hasgonetoGrammarHedied10yearsago.---He____________for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---He________thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---He________themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---He________heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.---Thelight____________for2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.---He____________fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilm____________for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---He________a____forayear.---He____________thearmyforayear.---It____ayear____hejoinedthearmy.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化Exercisesumup一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1)構(gòu)成肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其它否定句：主語+have/hasnot+過去分詞+其它疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其它HehasbeentoAustralia.HehasnotbeentoAustralia.HashebeentoAustralia?sumup2)用法1.過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常與表示時(shí)間的副詞連用，如already,yet,just,before,recently,ever,never等。e.g.Wehavejustwonthematch.