醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯王娟簡(jiǎn)課件

Medical

Vocabulary

TeachingOfficeofFundamentalNursingWangJuanconstructionEnglishMedicalTerminologyprofessionalliteraturereadingWritingforAbstractofMedicalThesis

ISPNandRelatedIssuesNursingProcessHealthAssessmentCommunityHealthNursingNursingCareoftheOldestOldPromotingCopinginHospitalizedChildrenMidwiferyandPerinatalCarePrinciplesandMethodsofTraditionalChineseMedicineinNursing教學(xué)內(nèi)容醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)詞的來(lái)源醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯特點(diǎn)

醫(yī)學(xué)詞根、前綴、后綴詞源古英語(yǔ)：數(shù)量極少，只是最基本的人體解剖術(shù)語(yǔ)和與人體基本生理功能和疾患相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)。有些單詞意義基本沒(méi)有變化：blood;bone;eye;mouth;hand…拼寫、讀音、意義都發(fā)生變化：

chestbreast詞源希臘語(yǔ)：

借自希臘語(yǔ)的前綴：peri-(周圍，圍繞，靠近)；auto-(自己，獨(dú)自)借自希臘語(yǔ)的詞根：append(o)-(闌尾)；mast(o)-(乳腺，乳房)借自希臘語(yǔ)的單詞：colon-(結(jié)腸)；coma-(昏迷)詞源阿拉伯語(yǔ)：syrup…

法語(yǔ)：hospital;benigh…德語(yǔ)：aspirin;gene…意大利語(yǔ)：influenza;malaria…西班牙語(yǔ)：mosquito;quinine…詞源中醫(yī)術(shù)語(yǔ)：

yin(陰)；yang(陽(yáng))；jing(精)；qi(氣)tuina(推拿)；acupuncturepoint(穴位)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯主要特點(diǎn)1、醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)借用普通英語(yǔ)部分詞匯2、部分醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯中英之間音或形相近3、大量醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯包含詞根、詞綴4、醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯中存在大量縮略詞5、一個(gè)意義常有多個(gè)表達(dá)2、部分醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯中英之間音或形相近音近：

penicillin:盤尼西林

GuaSha:刮痧形近：milktooth:乳齒

chickenbreast:雞胸3、大量醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯包含詞根、詞綴Electrocardiogram：心電圖Autotransplantation:自體移植4、醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯中存在大量縮略詞字母縮略詞：取自短語(yǔ):BP=BloodPressure

SARS=SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome取自單詞：ECG=electrocardiogram截短詞：cardiogram=electrocardiogram

醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)醫(yī)學(xué)詞素(morpheme)：醫(yī)學(xué)詞根(root)

醫(yī)學(xué)詞綴(affix:prefix,suffix)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)詞根：可以在不同的單詞里出現(xiàn)，但它的基本形式和含義相同erythr(o)-1、自由詞根：abdomen2、黏著詞根：vas(o)-醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)前綴（prefix）：置于詞根前對(duì)詞根的含義加以補(bǔ)充與限定的詞素1、指事物基本狀況的前綴：a-,dys-,hyper-…2、指時(shí)間、方位或位置的前綴：

ex-,in-,peri-,sub-,trans-…3、指相互關(guān)系的前綴：auto-,idio-,homo-…4、指數(shù)字的前綴：uni-,bi-,tri-,cent-…醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單后綴：形容詞后綴：-ar,-ic,-itic…動(dòng)詞后綴：-ize,-ate,-fy…名詞后綴：-oma,-ia,-itis…副詞后綴：-ad,-ward,-wise…醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合性后綴：由部分詞根和簡(jiǎn)單后綴結(jié)合而成-graphy=-graph+y:processofrecording-logy=-log+y:study,science-uria=-ur+ia:urinecondition連接元音字母：在兩個(gè)詞素之間常會(huì)被添加進(jìn)一個(gè)連接元音字母，以使人們?cè)谶B讀這兩個(gè)詞素時(shí)，在語(yǔ)音上順口流暢。連接元音字母大多出現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)詞素相連而后一個(gè)詞素的起始字母發(fā)輔音的情況下，尤其是在前一個(gè)詞素的末尾字母發(fā)輔音而后一個(gè)詞素的起始字母也發(fā)輔音的情況下。-o-:therm（溫）+meter（測(cè)量器）：thermometer-i-：insect（蟲）+cide（殺）：insecticide-a-：pent（五）+gon（角）：pentagon-e-：liqu（液）+fy（…化）：liquefy-u-：cent（百）+ple（倍）：centuple連接元音字母的標(biāo)注：一個(gè)詞素在后連另一詞素時(shí)需要添加的連接元音字母是特定的。my-,myo-:肌ost-,osto-:骨dent-,denti-,dento-:牙ant-,anti-:對(duì)立，反抗，制止醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)常用詞根及構(gòu)詞

呼吸系統(tǒng)（Therespiratorysystem)Thisincludesthelungsandthepassagesleadingtoandfromthem.Thepurposeofthissystemistotakeinair,andfromitextractoxygenwhichisthendissolvedintothebloodandconveyedtoallthetissues.Awasteproductofthecells,carbondioxide,istakenbythebloodtothelungs,whenceitisexpelledtotheoutsideair.Therespiratorysystem

1、呼吸breath詞根：-pnea,pneum(o)-,pneumat(o)-,-spir(o)例詞：orthopnea端坐呼吸；pneumothorax氣胸；Pneumoperitoneum氣腹；expiration呼氣2、鼻nose詞根：nas(o)-,rhin(o)-例詞：nasopharynx鼻咽；rhinitis鼻炎

3、喉throat詞根：laryng(o)-例詞：laryngitis喉炎；laryngospasm喉痙攣4、氣管windpipe詞根：trache(o)-例詞：tracheotomy氣管切開術(shù)；tracheal氣管的Therespiratorysystem5、支氣管bronchi詞根：bronch(o)-例詞：bronchiectasis支氣管擴(kuò)張；bronchitis支氣管炎6、細(xì)支氣管bronchiole詞根：bronchiol(o)-例詞：bronchiolitis細(xì)支氣管炎；

bronchiole細(xì)支氣管Therespiratorysystem7、肺lung：詞根：pneumon(o)-,pulmo(n)(o)-例詞：pneumonia肺炎；pulmonary肺的8、胸chest：詞根：thorac(o)-例詞：thoracentesis胸腔穿刺術(shù)；TherespiratorysystemPracticeRespiratorydistresssyndromePneumoniaLungventilationMetaboliccompensationdyspnea呼吸窘迫綜合征肺炎肺通氣代謝代償呼吸困難DiagnostictermsInspection：視診Auscultation：聽診Percussion：叩診Palpation：觸診AbbreviationsARDSBronchCOPDCPRCXRDPTAbbreviationsARDS:Adult(oracute)respiratorydistresssyndromeCOPD:ChronicobstructivepulmonarydiseaseCPR:CardiopulmonaryresuscitationCXR:ChestX-rayDPT:diphtheria,pertussis,tetanusThecirculatorysystemTheheart,bloodvessels,lymphvesselsandlymphnodesallmakeupthesystemwherebybloodispumpedtoallthebodytissues,bringingwithitfood,oxygenandothersubstances,andcarryingawaywastematerials.Thecirculatorysystem1、心heart：詞根：cardi(o)-例詞：electrocardiogram心電圖；cardiomyopathy心肌病2、心房auricle：詞根：atri(o)-例詞：atrial心房的；sinoatrial竇房的Thecirculatorysystem3、心室ventricle：詞根：ventricul(o)-例詞：ventricular心室的；interventricular室間的4、瓣膜valve：詞根：valvul(o)-例詞：valvular瓣膜的Thecirculatorysystem5、血管vessel：詞根：vas(o)-,angi(o)-例詞：vasculitis血管炎；

angiography血管造影6、動(dòng)脈artery：詞根：arteri(o)-例詞：arteriography動(dòng)脈造影；

arteritis動(dòng)脈炎Thecirculatorysystem7、靜脈vein：詞根：ven(o)-,phleb(o)-例詞：venous靜脈的；phlebitis靜脈炎8、主動(dòng)脈aorta：詞根：aort(o)-例詞：aortitis主動(dòng)脈炎；aortic主動(dòng)脈的Thecirculatorysystem9、毛細(xì)血管capillary：詞根：capillar(o)-例詞：postcapillary后毛細(xì)血管；

10、脈搏pulse:詞根：puls(o)-,sphygm(o)-例詞：pulse脈搏；sphygmogram脈搏圖PracticeAcutemyocardialinfarctionPrimarycoronarystentingAngioplastyProspectivestudyIntracoronarystent急性心肌梗死冠狀動(dòng)脈主支架術(shù)血管成形術(shù)前瞻性研究冠狀動(dòng)脈內(nèi)支架AbbreviationsAFBPCathCCUCHDCHFCVPDVTECCHDLLDLAbbreviationsAF：atrialfibrillationBP:bloodpressureCath:catheterizationCCU:coronarycareunitCHD:coronaryheartdiseaseCHF:congestiveheartfailureAbbreviationsCVP:centralvenouspressureDVT:deepvenousthrombosisECC:extracorporealcirculationHDL:high-densitylipoproteinLDL:low-densitylipoproteinThedigestivesystemThissystemcomprisesallorganswhichhavetodowithtakinginfoodandconvertingtheusefulpartsofitintosubstancesthatthebodycellscanuse.Examplesoftheseorgansarethemouth,theteeth,andthealimentarytract.Thedigestivesystem1、咽throat：詞根：pharyng(o)-例詞：pharyngitis咽炎2、胃stomach：詞根：gastr(o)-,stomach(o)-例詞：gastritis胃炎；stomachache胃痛Thedigestivesystem3、腸intestine：詞根：enter（o）-例詞：enteritis腸炎；entercele腸膨出4、消化digestion：詞根：peps(o)-,-gest(o)-例詞：dyspepsia消化不良；digestion消化Thedigestivesystem5、膽囊gallbladder：詞根：cholecyst(o)-例詞：cholecystitis膽囊炎；6、肝liver:詞根：hepat(o)-例詞：hepatitis肝炎；hepatocyte肝細(xì)胞Thedigestivesystem7、闌尾appendix：詞根：appendic(o)-例詞：appendicular闌尾的；appendicitis闌尾炎PracticeHypoplasiaLefthepaticlobeGallbladder發(fā)育不全左肝葉膽囊Theurinarysystem

Thisisalsocalledtheexcretorysystem.Itsmaincomponentsarethekidneys,theureters,thebladderandtheurethra.Itspurposeistofilteroutandridofthebodyofcertainwasteproductstakenbythebloodfromthecells.

Theurinarysystem1、尿urine:詞根：urin(o)-,ur(o)-例詞：urine尿；hematuria血尿2、腎kidney：詞根：ren(o)-,nephr(o)-例詞：suprarenal腎上的；nephritis腎炎3、輸尿管ureter:詞根：ureter(o)-例詞：ureteric輸尿管的；

ureterocele輸尿管膨出Theurinarysystem4、膀胱bladder詞根：vesic(o)-,cyst(o)-例詞：vesical膀胱的；cystitis膀胱炎5、尿道urethra:詞根：urethr(o)-,meat(o)-例詞：urethritis尿道炎；

Theurinarysystem6、睪丸testis:詞根：test(o)-,testicul(o)-,orchid(o)-,orchid(o)-,didym(o)-例詞：ovotestis卵睪體；

orchitis睪丸炎epididymis隱睪Theurinarysystem7、前列腺prostate：詞根：prostat(o)-例詞：prostatic前列腺的；prostatitis前列腺炎8、腎盂renalpelvis:詞根：pelvi(o)-,pyel(o)-例詞：pyelonephritis腎盂腎炎PracticeTransitionalcellcarcinomaChronicrenalfailureHemodialysisInvasivebladdercancerRenalpelvictumor移行細(xì)胞癌慢性腎衰血透侵襲性膀胱癌腎盂腫瘤AbbreviationsADHARFCRFIVPUAUTIcystoAbbreviationsADH:antidiuretichormoneARF:acuterenalfailureCRF:chronicrenalfailureIVP:intravenouspyelogramUA:urinalysisUTI:urinarytractinfectioncysto:cystoscopicexaminationTheendocrinesystemAfewscatteredorgansknowasendocrineglandsproducespecialsubstancescalledhormones,whichregulatessuchbodyfunctionsasgrowth,foodutilizationwithinthecells,andreproduction.Examplesofendocrineglandsarethethyroidandthepituitaryglands.Theendocrinesystem1、分泌secretion：詞根：crin(o)-,secret(o)-例詞：endocrine內(nèi)分泌；secretive分泌的2、腺gland:詞根：aden(o)-例詞：adenoma腺瘤；adenocarcinoma腺癌3、下丘腦hypothalamus：詞根：hypothalam(o)-例詞：hypothalamus下丘腦；hypothalamic下丘腦的Theendocrinesystem4、垂體pituitary：詞根：pitui-,hypophys-例詞：pituitary垂體；hypophyseal垂體的5、松果體的pineal：詞根：pineal(o)-例詞：parapineal松果體旁的；pinealoma松果體瘤6、甲狀腺thyroid：詞根：thyr(o)-例詞：thyroiditis甲狀腺炎；thyroxine甲狀腺素Theendocrinesystem7、性腺gonad：詞根：gonad(o)-例詞：gonadal性腺的8、鈣calcium：詞根：calc(i)-例詞：calcification鈣化9、皮質(zhì)cortex：詞根：cortic(o)-例詞：corticosterone皮質(zhì)酮；corticosteroid皮質(zhì)類固醇Theendocrinesystem10、胸腺thymus：詞根：thym(o)-例詞：thymosin胸腺素；thymocyte胸腺細(xì)胞11、葡萄糖glucose：詞根：gluc(o)-例詞：glucocorticoids糖皮質(zhì)激素PracticePerturbationCortisolEstrogenGrowthhormonethyroid紊亂皮質(zhì)醇雌激素生長(zhǎng)激素甲狀腺的AbbreviationsBMRGTTHGHFBSTFTAbbreviationsBMR:basalmetabolicrateGTT:glucosetolerancetestHGH:humangrowthhormoneFBS:fastingbloodsugarTFT:thyroidfunctiontestThenervoussystemThebrain,thespinalcordandthenervesallmakeupthisverycomplexsystembywhichallpartsofthebodyarecontrolledandcoordinated.Theorgansofspecialsense,sometimesclassedasaseparatesensorysystem,togetherwiththesenseoftouch,receivestimulifromtheoutsideworld,whicharethenconvertedintoimpulsesthataretransmittedtothebrain.Thebraindeterminestoagreatextentthebody’sresponsestomessagesfromwithoutandwithin,andinitoccursuchhigherfunctionsasmemoryandreasoning.1、腦brain：詞根：encephal(o)-例詞：encephalitis腦炎；encephalomyelitis腦脊髓炎2、大腦cerebrum：詞根：cerebr(o)-例詞：cerebrovascular腦血管的Thenervoussystem3、小腦cerebellum：詞根：cerebell(o)-例詞：cerebrocerebellum皮層小腦；4、丘腦thalamus：詞根：thalam(o)-例詞：epithalamus上丘腦；subthalamus底丘腦5、髓質(zhì)marrow：詞根：medull(o)-例詞：medullary髓質(zhì)的ThenervoussystemThenervoussystem6、腦膜、脊膜membrane：詞根：mening(o)-例詞：meningitis腦膜炎；meningocele脊膜膨出7、腦室ventricle：詞根：ventricul(o)-例詞：intraventricular腦室內(nèi)的Thenervoussystem8、脊柱spine：詞根：spin(o)-例詞：spinal脊柱的；cerebrospinal腦脊的9、運(yùn)動(dòng)motor：詞根：-kinesia例詞：bradykinesia運(yùn)動(dòng)遲緩；hyperkinesia運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)多10、軸、軸突axon：詞根：ax(o)-例詞：axonopathy軸突?。籥xplasm軸質(zhì)Thenervoussystem13、迷走vagus：詞根：vag(o)-例詞：vagal迷走的；14、精神、意志mind：詞根：psych(o)-例詞：psychotic精神的；psychiatry精神病學(xué)15、神經(jīng)nerve：詞根：neur(o)-例詞：neuroscience神經(jīng)科學(xué)；neurology神經(jīng)病學(xué)Thenervoussystem16、皮質(zhì)cortex：詞根：cortic(o)-例詞：corticosteroid皮質(zhì)類固醇；cortical皮質(zhì)的17、蛛網(wǎng)膜arachnoid：詞根：arachn(o)-例詞：subarachnoid蛛網(wǎng)膜下；arachnoiditis蛛網(wǎng)膜炎18、錐體pyramid：詞根：pyramid(o)-例詞：pyramidal錐體的；extrapyramidal錐體外的Thenervoussystem22、交感神經(jīng)sympatheticnerve：詞根：sympath(o)-例詞：sympathoblast交感神經(jīng)細(xì)胞23、觀念，理想idea:詞根：ide(o)-例詞：ideal觀念的；idealism理想主義PracticeEncephalitisSignalintensityUpperponsBrainstemMagneticresonance腦炎信號(hào)強(qiáng)度上橋腦腦干磁共振AbbreviationsCSFCNSCVAEEGICPLPAbbreviationsCSF:cerebrospinalfluidCNS:centralnervoussystemCVA:cerebrovascularaccidentEEG:electroencephalogramICP:intracranialpressureLP:lumbarpunctureTheintegumentarysystemTheword“integument”means“skin”.Theskinisconsideredbysomeauthoritiestobeaseparatebodysystem.Itincludesthehair,nails,sweatandoilgland,andotherrelatedstructures.1、眼eye:詞根：ocul(o)-;ophthalm(o)-例詞：oculomotor動(dòng)眼的；ophthalmitis眼炎2、瞼eyelid：詞根：blephar(o)-例詞：blepharitis瞼緣炎；blepharospasm眼瞼痙攣3、睫eyelash：詞根：cycl(o)-例詞：cyclodiathermy睫狀體透熱術(shù)Theintegumentarysystem

SenseorgansTheintegumentarysystem5、角膜cornea：詞根：corne(o)-;kerat(o)-例詞：corneal角膜的；keratitis角膜炎6、結(jié)膜conjunctiva:詞根：conjunctiv(o)-例詞：conjunctivitis結(jié)膜炎；conjunctival結(jié)膜的Theintegumentarysystem7、虹膜iris：詞根：irid(o)-例詞：iridectomy虹膜切除術(shù)8、鞏膜sclera：詞根：scler(o)-例詞：scleritis鞏膜炎Theintegumentarysystem9、視網(wǎng)膜retina：詞根：retin(o)-例詞：retinitis視網(wǎng)膜炎10、皮膚skin：詞根：cut(i)-;derm(o)-;dermat(o)-例詞：subcutaneous皮下的；dermatitis皮炎dermatosis皮膚病Theintegumentarysystem11、耳ear：詞根：auri-;auricul(o)-;ot(o)-例詞：auricula耳廓；auris耳；otosclerosis耳硬化15、感覺sensation:詞根：sens(o)-;esthesi(o)-例詞：sensory感覺的；paraesthesia感覺異常Theintegumentarysystem16、視覺、視力vision：詞根：-opia例詞：diplopia復(fù)視；myopia近視18、皮脂sebum：詞根：seb(o)-例詞：sebaceous皮脂的Theintegumentarysystem19、瞳孔pupil:詞根：pupill(o)-例詞：pupillometer瞳孔計(jì)；25、聽覺、聽力hearing：詞根：audi(o)-;acou-例詞：audiology聽力學(xué)；acoustic聽的

Theintegumentarysystem

Senseorgans26、嗅覺、嗅smell：詞根：olfact(o)-;-osm(o)-例詞：olfactory嗅覺的27、味覺taste：詞根：gust(o)-;-geusi(o)-例詞：gustation味覺PracticePupilIntracutaneousMyopiaRhinitisRetinaldetachment瞳孔皮內(nèi)的近視鼻炎視網(wǎng)膜脫離AbbreviationsIOPODOSOUVAVFAbbreviationsIOP:intraocularpressureOD:righteyeOS:lefteyeOU:eacheye

VA:visualacuityVF:visualfieldTheskeletalandmuscularsystemThebasicframeworkofthebodyisasystemofover200boneswiththeirjoints.Collectivelyknowastheskeleton.Bodymovementsareduetotheactionofthemuscleswhichareattachedtothebones.Othertypesofmusclesarepresentinthewallsofsuchorgansastheintestineandtheheart.1、肌肉muscle：詞根：muscul(o)-;my(o)-

例詞：myoglobin肌紅蛋白2、骨bone：詞根：os-;osse(o)-;oste(o)例詞：ossicles小骨；ossification成骨；osteoblast破骨細(xì)胞Theskeletalandmuscularsystem3、軟骨cartilage：詞根：chondr(o)-例詞：synchondrosis軟骨結(jié)合；chondroma軟骨瘤6、韌帶ligament：詞根：ligament(o)-;syndesm(o)-例詞：ligamentous韌帶的Theskeletalandmuscularsystem7、骨骼skeleton：詞根：skelet(o)-例詞：skeletal骨骼的8、顱骨skull：詞根：crani(o)-例詞：craniofacial顱面的；craniometer顱骨量器Theskeletalandmuscularsystem9、盤disk：詞根：disc(o)-例詞：discitis關(guān)節(jié)盤炎10、骶骨sacrum：詞根：sacr(o)-例詞：sacroiliac骶髂的Theskeletalandmuscularsystem11、脊柱、棘spine,rachis：詞根：spin(o)-例詞：spinocerebellum脊髓小腦12、肋骨rib：詞根：costa;cost(o)-例詞：intercostals肋間的；costomediastinal肋縱隔的Theskeletalandmuscularsystem21、胸骨sternum：詞根：stern(o)-例詞：sternothyroid胸骨甲狀軟骨的

22、樞椎axis：詞根：axi(o)-例詞：axial軸的；axonal軸突的Theskeletalandmuscularsystem23、尾骨coccyx：詞根：coccy(o)-例詞：coccygeal尾的24、關(guān)節(jié)joint：詞根：arthr(o)-例詞：arthritis關(guān)節(jié)炎；arthrodesis關(guān)節(jié)固定術(shù)TheskeletalandmuscularsystemPracticeBonemarrowMuscleStemcellBoneregenerationfemur骨髓肌肉干細(xì)胞骨再生股骨AbbreviationsIMEMGRAROMSLEAbbreviationsIM:intramuscularEMG:electromyogramRA:rheumatoidarthritisROM:rangeofmotionThereproductivesystemThissystemincludestheexternalsexorgansandallrelatedinnerstructureswhichareconcernedwiththeproductionofnewindividuals.Thereproductivesystem1、生殖reproduction：詞根：genit(o)-例詞：genital生殖的；urogenital泌尿生殖的2、子宮womb:詞根：uter(o)-,uter(in)(o)-,hyster(o)-,metr(o)-例詞：uterine子宮的；hysteroscope子宮鏡；perimetrium子宮外膜Thereproductivesystem3、女陰cunnus:詞根：vulv(o)-例詞：vulva外陰4、陰道vagina：詞根：vagin(o)-,colp(o)-例詞：vaginitis陰道炎；colposcope陰道鏡Thereproductivesystem5、骨盆pelvis:詞根：pelvi-例詞：p