年是怎么來(lái)的

年(Year)ChineseNewYearLunarNewYeartheSpringFestivalOriginofChineseNewYear

TheChineseNewYearisnowpopularlyknownastheSpringFestivalbecauseitstartsfromtheBeginningofSpring。Itsoriginistoooldtobetraced.Severalexplanationsarehangingaround.Allagree，however，thatthewordNian，whichinmodernChinesesolelymeans"year"，wasoriginallythenameofamonsterbeastthatstartedtopreyonpeoplethenightbeforethebeginningofanewyear.

OnelegendgoesthatthebeastNianhadaverybigmouththatwouldswallowagreatmanypeoplewithonebite.Peoplewereveryscared.Oneday，anoldmancametotheirrescue，offeringtosubdueNian.ToNianhesaid，"Ihearsaythatyouareverycapable，butcanyouswallowtheotherbeastsofpreyonearthinsteadofpeoplewhoarebynomeansofyourworthyopponents？"So，itdidswallowmanyofthebeastsofpreyonearththatalsoharassedpeopleandtheirdomesticanimalsfromtimetotime.

Afterthat，theoldmandisappearedridingthebeastNian.Heturnedouttobeanimmortalgod.NowthatNianisgoneandotherbeastsofpreyarealsoscaredintoforests，peoplebegintoenjoytheirpeacefullife.Beforetheoldmanleft，hehadtoldpeopletoputupredpaperdecorationsontheirwindowsanddoorsateachyear'sendtoscareawayNianincaseitsneakedbackagain，becauseredisthecolorthebeastfearedthemost.

Fromthenon，thetraditionofobservingtheconquestofNianiscarriedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Theterm"GuoNian"，whichmaymean"SurvivetheNian"becomestoday"Celebratethe（New）Year"astheword"guo"inChinesehavingboththemeaningof"pass-over"and"observe".Thecustomofputtingupredpaperandfiringfire-crackerstoscareawayNianshouldithaveachancetorunlooseisstillaround.

年的起源

春節(jié)始于中國(guó)農(nóng)歷，其起源因太古老，而無(wú)法考究。其中有一種說(shuō)法是“年”原來(lái)是一種怪獸的名字。傳說(shuō)年有一張大嘴，一口能吞下很多人。人們很害怕。一天，一個(gè)老人來(lái)了，答應(yīng)制伏年獸。老頭跟年獸說(shuō)：我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你很厲害，可是你能吃了其他那些兇殘的野獸嗎？于是年獸就把很多其他野獸吃了，但同時(shí)也吃了不少家畜。后來(lái)，老頭騎著年獸消失了，臨走告訴人們，用紅色的紙把門(mén)和窗裝飾起來(lái)，以防年獸回來(lái)，因?yàn)槟戢F很害怕紅色。至此，趨趕年獸的方法流傳了一代又一代。過(guò)年這個(gè)詞，也由原來(lái)的躲避年獸，變成現(xiàn)在的慶祝新年。過(guò)年帖紅紙，放鞭炮的習(xí)俗延續(xù)了下來(lái)。Historical

TheChineselunaryear'sbeginningoftheyeariscalledtheSpringFestival.Chinesepeoplemostgrandtraditionalfestival,alsosymbolizestheunity,prosperously,willreposethenewhopetothefuturethefestival.Accordingtotherecord,theChinesepeoplecelebrateSpringFestivalhadmorethan4000yearshistory.HasmanyviewsaboutSpringFestival'sorigin,buttheviewwhichacceptsgenerallyforthepublicis,SpringFestivalemergesbyYuShun.

B.C.morethan2000yearsoneday,Shunistheemperorposition,isleadingthesubordinatepersonnel,worshipstheworld.Henceforth,thepeopletreatasthisdaythebeginningoftheyear.ItissaidthisisChinesenewyear'sorigin,afterwardwascalledtheSpringFestival.SpringFestivalinthepastalsocalledtheNewYear'sDay.SpringFestivalisatthisinJanuaryiscalledinJanuary.

OnSeptember27in1949,newChinaestablish,curingtonegotiatethemeetingfirstbatchplenarysessionintheChinesedomesticaffairsup,passedtouseintheworldingeneraluseChristianearbeginningofareign,JanuaryfirstthatchasestheChristianearsettlesfortheNewYear'sDay,beingsocalledtheGregoriancalendaryear;ThebeginningofJanuaryoflunarcalendaranusuallyallatsignthespringinfrontandback,asaresultchasethelunarcalendaratthebeginningofJanuarycertainlyfor"ChineseNewYear",besocalledthelunarcalendaryear.春節(jié)

中國(guó)農(nóng)歷年的歲首稱(chēng)為春節(jié)。中國(guó)人民過(guò)春節(jié)已有４千多年的歷史，它是由虞舜興起的。舜即天子位，帶領(lǐng)部下，祭拜天地。從此，人們就把這一天當(dāng)作歲首，算是正月初一。這就是農(nóng)歷新年的由來(lái)，后來(lái)叫春節(jié)。春節(jié)過(guò)去也叫元旦。春節(jié)所在的這一月叫元月。1949年9月27日，中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議第一屆全體會(huì)議決定在建立中華人民共和國(guó)的同時(shí)，采用世界通用的公元紀(jì)年。為了區(qū)分陽(yáng)歷和陰歷兩個(gè)“年”，又因一年２４節(jié)氣的“立春”恰在農(nóng)歷年的前后，故把陽(yáng)歷一月一日稱(chēng)為“元旦”，農(nóng)歷正月初一正式改稱(chēng)“春節(jié)”。

ChineseNewYearCelebrationisthemostimportantcelebrationoftheyear.ChinesepeoplemaycelebratetheChineseNewYearinslightlydifferentwaysbuttheirwishesarealmostthesame;theywanttheirfamilymembersandfriendstobehealthyandluckyduringnextyear.

春節(jié)慶?；顒?dòng)是一年中最重要的慶?；顒?dòng)。中國(guó)人慶祝春節(jié)的方式可能略微不同，但其愿望幾乎是相同的，他們希望其家人和朋友來(lái)年健康和幸運(yùn)。

ChineseNewYearCelebrationusuallylastsfor15days.CelebratoryactivitiesincludeChineseNewFeast,firecrackers,givingluckymoneytochildren,theNewYearbellringingandChineseNewYearGreetings.MostofChinesepeoplewillstopthecelebratingintheirhomeonthe7thdayofNewYearbecausethenationalholidayusuallyendsaroundthatday,howevercelebrationsinpublicareascanlastuntilthe15thdayofNewYear.

春節(jié)慶祝活動(dòng)通常持續(xù)15天。慶?；顒?dòng)包括春節(jié)的年夜飯，放鞭炮，給兒童壓歲錢(qián)，春節(jié)鐘聲和春節(jié)問(wèn)候。大多數(shù)中國(guó)人將在春節(jié)的第7天停止慶祝活動(dòng)，因?yàn)槿珖?guó)性節(jié)假通常在這一天結(jié)束，但在公共場(chǎng)所的慶?；顒?dòng)可能最終持續(xù)到正月十五。HouseCleaning

房屋打掃

TocleanhousesontheNewYearEvenisaveryoldcustomdatingbacktothousandsofyearsago.Thedustistraditionallyassociatedwith“old”socleaningtheirhousesandsweepingthedustmeantobidfarewelltothe“old”andusherinthe“new”.DaysbeforetheNewYear,Chinesefamiliescleantheirhouses,sweepingthefloor,washingdailythings,cleaningthespiderwebsanddredgingtheditches.Peopledoallthesethingshappilyinthehopeofagoodcomingyear.

春節(jié)打掃房屋這個(gè)非常古老的習(xí)俗甚至可以追溯到幾千年前?；覊m在傳統(tǒng)上與“舊”聯(lián)系在一起，所以打掃房屋和掃除灰塵意味著辭“舊”迎“新”。春節(jié)的前幾天，中國(guó)的各家各戶(hù)都打掃房屋，掃地，清洗日用品，清除蛛網(wǎng)和疏浚溝渠。人們興高采烈做所有這些事情，希望來(lái)年好運(yùn)。

Housedecoration

房屋裝飾

Oneofthehousedecorationsistopostcoupletsondoors.OntheSpringFestivalcouplets,goodwishesareexpressed.NewYearcoupletsareusuallypostedinpairsasevennumbersareassociatedwithgoodluckandauspiciousnessinChineseculture.

房屋裝飾之一就是在門(mén)上貼對(duì)聯(lián)。在春聯(lián)上，抒發(fā)良好的祝愿。春聯(lián)通常是成對(duì)張貼，因?yàn)殡p數(shù)在中國(guó)文化中是好運(yùn)氣和吉祥的象征。

PeopleinnorthChinaareusedtopostingpaper-cutontheirwindows.Whenstickingthewindowdecorationpaper-cuts,peoplepasteonthedoorlargeredChinesecharacter“fu”Ared"fu"meansgoodluckandfortune,soitiscustomarytopost"fu"ondoorsorwallsonauspiciousoccasionssuchaswedding,festivals.在中國(guó)北方，人們習(xí)慣于在窗戶(hù)上貼剪紙。人們既在窗戶(hù)上貼剪紙，又在大門(mén)上貼上大大的紅色漢字“福”字，一個(gè)紅色“福”字意味著好運(yùn)和財(cái)富，因此習(xí)慣上在婚禮，節(jié)日之類(lèi)的吉祥場(chǎng)合中，人們都會(huì)在門(mén)或墻上貼“?！弊?。WaitingfortheFirstBellRingingofChineseNewYear

等待春節(jié)的第一聲鐘鳴

ThefirstbellringingisthesymbolofChineseNewYear.ChinesepeopleliketogotoalargesquareswheretherearehugebellsaresetuponNewYear’sEve.AstheNewYearapproachestheycountdownandcelebratetogether.Thepeoplebelievethattheringingofhugebellcandriveallthebadluckawayandbringthefortunetothem.Inrecentyears,somepeoplehavebegungoingtomountaintemplestowaitforthefirstringing.HanshanTempleinSuzhou,isveryfamoustempleforitsfirstringingofthebelltoheraldChineseNewYear.ManyforeignersnowgotoHanshanTempletocelebrateChineseNewYear.

第一次鐘聲是春節(jié)的象征。中國(guó)人喜歡到一個(gè)大廣場(chǎng)，那里有為除夕設(shè)置的大鐘。隨著春節(jié)的臨近，他們開(kāi)始倒計(jì)數(shù)并一起慶祝。人們相信了大鐘的撞響可以驅(qū)除霉運(yùn)，帶來(lái)好運(yùn)。近年來(lái)，有些人開(kāi)始去山上寺廟等待第一次鐘聲。蘇州的寒山寺就非常著名，它的鐘聲宣布春節(jié)的到來(lái)?，F(xiàn)在有許多外國(guó)人也去寒山寺慶祝春節(jié)。Stayinguplate("Shousui")

熬夜(“守歲”)ShousuimeanstostayuplateorallnightonNewYear‘sEve.Afterthegreatdinner,familiessittogetherandchathappilytowaitfortheNewYear’sarrival。守歲意味著除夕夜不睡覺(jué)。年夜飯后，家人聚坐一起，愉快聊天，等待春節(jié)的到來(lái)。

NewYearFeast

年夜飯

SpringFestivalisatimeforfamilyreunion.TheNewYear'sFeastis"amust"banquetwithallthefamilymembersgettingtogether.ThefoodeatenontheNewYearEvenbanquetvariesaccordingtoregions.InsouthChina,Itiscustomarytoeat"niangao"(NewYearcakemadeofglutinousriceflour)becauseasahomophone,niangaomeans"higherandhighereveryyear".Inthenorth,atraditionaldishforthefeastis"Jiaozi"ordumplingsshapedlikeacrescentmoon.

春節(jié)是與家人團(tuán)聚的時(shí)間。年夜飯是所有家庭成員聚在一起“必須”的宴會(huì)。除夕宴會(huì)上吃的食物根據(jù)不同的地區(qū)各不相同。在中國(guó)南方，習(xí)慣吃“年糕”(糯米粉制成的新年糕點(diǎn))，因?yàn)樽鳛橐粋€(gè)同音字，年糕意味著“步步高升”。在北方，年夜飯的傳統(tǒng)飯是“餃子”或像月牙兒形的湯圓。SettingFirecrackers

燃放鞭炮

LightingFirecrackersusedtobeoneofthemostimportantcustomsintheSpringFestivalcelebration.However,concerningthedangerandthenegativenoisesthatlightingfirecrackersmaybring,thegovernmenthasbannedthispracticeinmanymajorcities.Butpeopleinsmalltownsandruralareasstillholdtothistraditionalcelebration.Rightastheclockstrike12o'clockmidnightofNewYear'sEve,citiesandtownsarelitupwiththeglitterfromfireworks,andthesoundcanbedeafening.Familiesstayupforthisjoyfulmomentandkidswithfirecrackersinonehandandalighterinanothercheerfullylighttheirhappinessinthisespecialoccasion,eventhoughtheyplugtheirears.

放鞭炮曾是春節(jié)慶?；顒?dòng)中最重要的習(xí)俗之一。然而，擔(dān)心燃放鞭炮可能會(huì)帶來(lái)危險(xiǎn)和煩人的噪音，政府已在許多大城市下令禁止燃放鞭炮。但在小城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村地區(qū)的人們?nèi)匀粓?jiān)持這種傳統(tǒng)的慶?；顒?dòng)。除夕夜一旦時(shí)鐘撞響午夜12點(diǎn)鐘，城市和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)都被煙花的閃閃光芒映亮，鞭炮聲震耳欲聾。一家人熬夜就為這個(gè)歡樂(lè)的時(shí)刻，孩子們一手拿鞭炮，一手拿火機(jī)興高采烈地點(diǎn)放著他們?cè)谶@個(gè)特殊節(jié)日的快樂(lè)，盡管他們嚇得捂著耳朵。

NewYearGreetings(BaiNian)

春節(jié)的問(wèn)候(拜年)OnthefirstdayoftheNewYearorshortlythereafter,everybodywearsnewclothesandgreetsrelativesandfriendswithbowsandGongxi(congratulations)，wishingeachothergoodluck,happinessduringthenewyear.

在春節(jié)第一天或此后不久，大家都穿著新衣服，向親戚和朋友打招呼并恭喜(祝賀)，彼此祝愿在新的一年里好運(yùn)，幸福。

Onthefirstdayofthenewyear,it’scustomaryfortheyoungergenerationstovisittheelders,wishingthemhealthyandlongevity.Becausevisitingrelativesandfriendstakesalotoftime,now,somebusypeoplewillsendNewYearcardstoexpresstheirgoodwishesratherthanpayavisitpersonally.

春節(jié)第一天，按習(xí)慣，小一輩人要拜見(jiàn)老一輩，祝愿他們健康長(zhǎng)壽。因?yàn)樘接H訪(fǎng)友花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間，所以，現(xiàn)在有些忙碌的人就送春節(jié)賀卡來(lái)表達(dá)他們的良好祝愿，而不是親自去拜訪(fǎng)。LuckyMoney

壓歲錢(qián)

ItisthemoneygiventokidsfromtheirparentsandgrandparentsasNewYeargift.Themoneyisbelievedtobringgoodluck,wardoffmonsters;hencethename"luckymoney".Parentsandgrandparentsfirstputmoneyinsmall,especially-maderedenvelopesandgivetheredenvelopestotheirkidsaftertheNewYear'sFeastorwhentheycometovisitthemontheNewYear.TheychoosetoputthemoneyinredenvelopesbecauseChinesepeoplethinkredisaluckycolor.Theywanttogivetheirchildrenbothluckymoneyandluckycolor.