南京師范大學(xué)專轉(zhuǎn)本英語大二

南京師范大學(xué)專轉(zhuǎn)本英語大二學(xué)生

2014年03月02日星期日

多媒體西227溫故而知新第一篇語法與詞匯一、名詞1.1可數(shù)名詞(countablenoun)和不可數(shù)名詞(uncountablenoun)1)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別a)可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式，單數(shù)形式前可用a/an。例如：Adogisananimal.Therearemanydogsinthevillage.一、名詞不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，單數(shù)形式前不用a/an,但可用the或不用。例如：Breadismadefromflour.Ifyouwillpayforthebread,I’llpayforthemeat.b)名詞的數(shù)影響句子中與之有關(guān)的謂語動詞、限定詞等。舉例如下：一、名詞Thereare(not)manysome(notany)alotof(a)fewjobs.waterfalls.cakes.Thereis(not)muchsome(notany)alotof(a)littlework.water.bread.一、名詞c)下列名詞常用作不可數(shù)名詞：accommodation(食宿)，advice,baggage,behavior,bread,cash,clothing,equipment,fun,furniture,harm,information,knowledge,leisure,luck,lightning,living,luggage,machinery,money,news,paper,permission,produce(農(nóng)產(chǎn)品),progress,scenery,travel,traffic,trouble,thunder,weather,work等一、名詞exercise1判定下列單詞哪些是可數(shù)名詞(C)，哪些是不可數(shù)名詞(U)：knowledge,life,decision,triumph,information,appreciation,laughter,service,desire,sacrifice,labour,popularity一、名詞可數(shù)名詞(C)如下：life,decision,triumph,service,desire,sacrifice不可數(shù)名詞(U)如下：information,appreciation,labor,popularity一、名詞exercise22A.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththewordsgivenbelowusinganyorsomeifnecessary:paper,advice,progress,work,experience,permission,information,machinery,scenery,accommodation一、名詞keytoexercise2AIdon’tthinkAnnwillgetthejob.Shehasn’tgot________.They’lltellyouallyouwanttoknow.They’llgiveyouplentyof________.Tom’sChinesehasimproved.Hehasmade________.Iwanttowritedownyouraddress.Haveyougot________?Ifyouwanttoleaveearly,youhavetoaskfor________.一、名詞exercise2A6.Georgeisunemployedatthemoment.Heislookingfor________.7.Ididn’tknowwhattodo.SoIaskedJackfor________.8.The________aroundmytownisparticularlyattractive.9.Alltheseating________isreserved,I’mgladtosay.10.Isthe________stillingoodworkingorder?一、名詞Keytoexercise2AIdon’tthinkAnnwillgetthejob.Shehasn’tgot________.anyexperienceThey’lltellyouallyouwanttoknow.They’llgiveyouplentyof________.informationTom’sChinesehasimproved.Hehasmade________.(some)progressIwanttowritedownyouraddress.Haveyougot________?anypaperIfyouwanttoleaveearly,youhavetoaskfor________.permission一、名詞keytoexercise2A6.Georgeisunemployedatthemoment.Heislookingfor________.work7.Ididn’tknowwhattodo.SoIaskedJackfor________.(some)advice8.The________aroundmytownisparticularlyattractive.scenery9.Alltheseating________isreserved(預(yù)定),I’mgladtosay.accommodation座艙10.Isthe________stillingoodworkingorder?machinery一、名詞exercise2BFillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow,addinga,anorthewherenecessary:news,tea,weather,trouble,smoke,furniture,essay,mud,accuracy一、名詞exercise2BJohndranktwocupsof______.______fromthetwostovesmademecough.Earthmixedwithwateriscalled______.Themostimportantthinginwriting______is______.一、名詞exercise2B5.Iwanttowatch______ontelevisionbutIdon’tknowwhattimeitison.6.Wehadverygood______whenwewereonholiday.7.SorryI’mlate.Ihad______withthecarthismorning.8.Thosechairsarenew,butmostof______isold.一、名詞Keytoexercise2BJohndranktwocupsof______.tea______fromthetwostovesmademecough.ThesmokeEarthmixedwithwateriscalled______.mudThemostimportantthinginwriting______is______.anessay/accuracy一、名詞Keytoexercise2B5.Iwanttowatch______ontelevisionbutIdon’tknowwhattimeitison.thenews6.Wehadverygood______whenwewereonholiday.weather7.SorryI’mlate.Ihad______withthecarthismorning.trouble8.Thosechairsarenew,butmostof______isold.thefurniture一、名詞2)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)化，它們在一定條件下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)化a)很多蔬菜、動物等的名詞，一般是可數(shù)的，但用來表示餐桌上的食品時，就轉(zhuǎn)化為不可數(shù)名詞。例如：Theygrowtheirowncarrots.Goodstew(燉菜)mustcontaincarrot.Therearefewlambsinthezoo.Wouldyoulikesomelamborpork?一、名詞2)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)化，它們在一定條件下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)化b)物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞一般是不可數(shù)的，但用來表示具體、個別事物時，通常是可數(shù)的。例如：Beerisrefreshinginsummer.Theyhadtwobeers(兩杯啤酒).Somerichmenliveinluxury(奢侈).Arefrigerator/fridgeisaluxury(奢侈品)here.一、名詞2)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)化，它們在一定條件下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)化c)物質(zhì)名詞用于表示“各種不同品種”時，幾乎都能用作可數(shù)名詞。如astoresellingmanydifferentteas,varioussoaps等。應(yīng)注意某些物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞用作復(fù)數(shù)時，詞義往往起變化。例如：Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Doyouhavelights(燈)inthecorridor?Virtue(美德)isitsownreward.Hervirtues(優(yōu)點)werewell-known.一、名詞2)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)化，它們在一定條件下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)化當(dāng)抽象名詞前后有修飾語表示“某一種”或“某一方面”的抽象概念時，其前可加a/an.例如：Thereisacertainhonestyaboutthismanwhichforcesmetoadmirehim.Geographygiveshimaknowledgeofothercountries.一、名詞Exercise3Directions:Fillintheblankswiththecuesinthebrackets,usingacountableoruncountablenouninitspropernumber.ThentranslateallthefollowingsentencesintoChinese:一、名詞Exercise3Acitywithout______isdead!(art)Paintingis______.(art)Afterabigmeal,youshouldtake______.(rest)Everybodyneedsfood,drinkand______.(rest)InwritingEnglish,weleave______aftereachword.(space)Beyondthestarsthereisnothingbut______.(space)Iwillcomewith______.(pleasure)一、名詞Exercise38.Itwillbe______toseeyou.(pleasure)9.Nocountrycanaffordtoneglect______.(education)10.Scottreceivedverygood______.(education)11.Don’ttakeadvantageofhis______.(kindness)12.Hismany______weremuchappreciated.(kindness)13.Nowpeopleareeatingmore______thanbefore.(fruit)14.Various______areonsalethere.(fruit)一、名詞KeytoExercise3Acitywithout______isdead!(art)artPaintingis______.(art)anartAfterabigmeal,youshouldtake______.(rest)arestEverybodyneedsfood,drinkand______.(rest)restInwritingEnglish,weleave______aftereachword.(space)aspaceBeyondthestarsthereisnothingbut______.(space)spaceIwillcomewith______.(pleasure)pleasure一、名詞KeytoExercise38.Itwillbe______toseeyou.(pleasure)apleasure9.Nocountrycanaffordtoneglect______.(education)education10.Scottreceivedverygood______.(education)averygoodeducation11.Don’ttakeadvantageofhis______.(kindness)kindness12.Hismany______weremuchappreciated.(kindness)kindnesses他做了好事，受到一致好評。13.Nowpeopleareeatingmore______thanbefore.(fruit)fruit14.Various______areonsalethere.(fruit)fruits一、名詞1.2單位名詞(UnitNoun)單位名詞用來表示不可數(shù)名詞的個體性，即使之能以“個數(shù)”計算，也能與可數(shù)名詞搭配表示“一雙”“一群”等意義。1）常用的搭配能力較強(qiáng)的單位名詞有apiece/bitofpaper/advice/information;anarticleofclothing/furniture一、名詞1.2單位名詞(UnitNoun)2）表示形狀的單位名詞有：aballofstring,abarofchocolate,ablockofice,acakeofsoap,adropofwater,agrainofsand,sevenheadofcattle,aheapofearth,aloafofbread,alumpofsugar,apackofcigarettes,arollofcloth,asliceofbread/meat,astripofcloth/land等。一、名詞1.2單位名詞(UnitNoun)3）表示容積、重量的單位名詞有：abagofflour,abasketoffruit,abottleofwine,abushel(蒲式耳)ofcorn,agallonofoil,akilogramofsugar,apeckof(大量；許多)strawberries,apoundofbutter,aquart(夸脫)ofmilk,threespoonfulsofsalt,ayardoffabric等。一、名詞1.2單位名詞(UnitNoun)4）表示成雙、成群的單位名詞有：acoupleofplayers,aflockofbirds,apairofshoes,aswarmof(一大群)bees等。一、名詞Exercise4Directions:PutthefollowingintoEnglish:一件新家具；兩件行李；一張紙；一滴雨；一杯冰水；一副眼鏡；一加侖酒；二十頭牛；一塊方糖；一群羊；一雙短襪；一把剪刀一、名詞KeytoExercise4anewarticleoffurniture,twopiecesofluggage,apiece/sheetofpaper,adropofrain,aglassoficewater,apairofglasses,agallonofwine,twentyheadofcattle,alumpofsugar,aflockofsheep,apairofsocks,apairofscissors名詞一、Exercise5:Supplytheappropriateunitnounforeachofthefollowing:an________ofantsa________offlowersA________ofsailorsinashipA________ofcows,deer,goats,etc.An________ofcornA________ofshipsA________ofwhalesA________ofthieves名詞一、Exercise5:Supplytheappropriateunitnounforeachofthefollowing:an________ofants--armya________offlowers--buncha________ofsailorsinaship--crewa________ofcows,deer,goats,etc.--herdan________ofcorn--eara________ofships--fleeta________ofwhales--schoola________ofthieves--gang一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)NOUNPLURAL1)以字母O結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)Exercise6:PretestGivethepluralformof:A)echo,hero,Negro,potato,tomato,torpedo,vetoB)auto,bamboo,dynamo,kilo,memo,photo,piano,radio,shampooC)studio,tango,zoo,buffalo,cargo,Eskimo,mosquito,motto,tornado,volcano一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)NOUNPLURAL1)以字母O結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)Exercise6:PretestGivethepluralformof:A)echo,hero,Negro,potato,tomato,torpedo,vetoB)auto,bamboo,dynamo,kilo,memo,photo,piano,radio,shampooC)studio,tango,zoo,buffalo,cargo,Eskimo,mosquito,motto,tornado,volcano練習(xí)答案A)

echo-echoes

回聲，回波

hero-heroes

英雄，男主角Negro-Negroes黑人potato-potatoes

馬鈴薯,土豆tomato-tomatoes

西紅柿，番茄

torpedo-torpedoes

魚雷，水雷veto-vetoes

否決，否決權(quán)，禁止

練習(xí)答案B)auto-autos

汽車，自動

bamboo-bamboos

竹，竹子dynamo-dynamos

發(fā)電機(jī)，精力充沛的人

kilo-kilos

千克，公斤；千米，公里memo-memos

備忘錄，簡報photo-photos

照片，相片piano-pianos

鋼琴radio-radios

廣播電臺，無線電通訊，收音機(jī)，無線電廣播設(shè)備shampoo-shampoos

洗發(fā)劑，香波，洗發(fā)精練習(xí)答案C)

studio-studios

畫室，照相室，播音室，電影制片廠

tango-tangos

探戈舞，探戈舞曲zoo-zoos

動物

buffalo-buffaloes或buffalos

水牛，野牛

cargo-cargoes

貨物,船貨Eskimo-Eskimos或Eskimo愛斯基摩人，因紐特人mosquito-mosquitoes

蚊子motto-mottoes/mottos

座右銘,箴言,格言,題詞

tornado-tornadoes

旋風(fēng),龍卷風(fēng)volcano–volcanoes

火山以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1.直接加s,如belief,chief,cliff,grief,gulf,handkerchief,roof,proof,safe2.先去掉f或fe,加ves.如calf，half,knife,leaf,life,loaf,thief,shelf,self,wife,wolf3.可直接加s，或去掉f,加ves。如：hoof,scarf,wharf等Exercise7—Pretest:Givethepluralformofthefollowingwordingendingwithforfe.A.belief-beliefs信仰

chief-chiefs首領(lǐng)，酋長e.g.allchiefsandnoIndians[俚語](軍隊中)指揮系統(tǒng)混亂，難以統(tǒng)帥的部隊;各自為政，一盤散沙cliff-cliffs懸崖grief【U】悲傷gulf-gulfs海灣；巨大的差距handkerchief-handkerchiefs手帕roof-roofs屋頂proof-proofs證據(jù)，證明；校稿safe-safes保險箱，保險柜Exercise7—Pretest:Givethepluralformofthefollowingwordingendingwithforfe.B.calf-calves小牛half-halves(一)半knife-knives小刀leaf-leaves樹葉life-lives生命loaf-loaves(一)條(面包)thief-thieves小偷，賊shelf-shelves書櫥，架子，擱板self-selves自己wife-wives妻子，老婆wolf-wolves狼，色狼，殘忍貪婪之人greywolf灰狼Exercise7—Pretest:Givethepluralformofthefollowingwordingendingwithforfe.C.hoof-hoofs/hooves蹄子，蹄

scarf-scarfs/scarves圍巾，頭巾

wharf-wharfs/wharves碼頭表示字母、數(shù)字及其他詞類的復(fù)數(shù)時，詞尾常加’s,有時只加s.e.g.HerJ’slooklikeT’s.Theworldsituationhasbeenmorefavorabletoussincethebeginningofthe80’s.Don’tinterruptmewithyourbuts.單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞常用的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞有：deer-deer,means-means,series-series,sheep-sheep,species-species標(biāo)本，以及jin-jin(斤)，li-li(里)，yuan-yuan(元)等漢語譯名。外來詞的單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)A類:詞尾-is變成-esanalysis-analyses,basis-bases,crisis-crises,diagnosis-diagnoses診斷，hypothesis-hypotheses假設(shè)，parenthesis-parentheses圓括號；插句synopsis-synopses提要，梗概thesis-theses論文，論題外來詞的單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)B類:詞尾-um變成-abacterium-bacteria細(xì)菌curriculum-curricula課程，全部課程(corecurriculum基礎(chǔ)課程，核心課程)datum-data資料，數(shù)據(jù)medium-media媒體memorandum-memoranda/memorandums備忘錄，簡報(memo為其簡稱)(memorandumofunderstanding諒解備忘錄)外來詞的單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)C類:詞尾-on變成-acriterion-criteria/criterions標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，phenomenon-phenomena現(xiàn)象，奇跡；杰出的人才外來詞的單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)D類:詞尾-us變成-inucleus-nuclei核心，核，原子核radius-radii半徑,有效航程stimulus-stimuli刺激syllabus-syllabi/syllabuses教學(xué)大綱terminus-termini/terminuses終點外來詞的單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)E類:詞尾-a變成-aeantenna-antennae/antennas天線formula-formulae

/formulas公式，準(zhǔn)則；配方；嬰兒食品['f??mj?li?]

vita[vi?t?]-vitae['vi?ta?]

個人簡歷；生活；生命外來詞的單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)F類:詞尾-ix/-ex變成-icesappendix-appendices/appendixes附錄；闌尾；附加物index-indices/indexes索引Exercise8:Givethepluralformofthewordsitalicized.Addsomeortheifnecessary.1)Heusedanunfairmeanstowinthecompetition.2)Theprofessorisreadingathesis.3)IcaughtafishlastSunday.4)Isawasheepinthefarmyard.5)Thechildrenhidbehindabush.6)Inourbiologyclass,westudiedaboutaspeciesoffish.7)Beforetheybegantheirscientificexperiment,theymadeahypothesis.Exercise8:Givethepluralformofthewordsitalicized.Addsomeortheifnecessary.8)WhenIwasattheparkyesterday,Isawagooseinapond.9)Whenwespokeinthecave,weheardanecho.10)Thewagonisbeingpulledbyanox.11)EverydayIreadinthenewspaperaboutanewcrisissomewhereintheworld.12)Itoldthechildrenafableaboutawolfandafox.13)WereadastoryaboutanIndianchief.14)Inourscienceclasses,wenotedasimilarphenomenon.Exercise8:Givethepluralformofthewordsitalicized.Addsomeortheifnecessary.1)Heusedanunfairmeanstowinthecompetition.→→Heusedunfairmeanstowinthecompetition.2)Theprofessorisreadingathesis.→→Theprofessorisreadingsomethesis.3)IcaughtafishlastSunday.→→Icaughtsomefish/fisheslastSunday.4)Isawasheepinthefarmyard.→→Isawsomesheepinthefarmyard.Exercise8:Givethepluralformofthewordsitalicized.Addsomeortheifnecessary.5)Thechildrenhidbehindabush.→→Thechildrenhidbehindthebushes.6)Inourbiologyclass,westudiedaboutaspeciesoffish.→→Inourbiologyclass,westudiedaboutsomespeciesoffish.7)Beforetheybegantheirscientificexperiment,theymadeahypothesis.→→Beforetheybegantheirscientificexperiment,theymadesomehypotheses.Exercise8:Givethepluralformofthewordsitalicized.Addsomeortheifnecessary.8)WhenIwasattheparkyesterday,Isawagooseinapond.→→WhenIwasattheparkyesterday,Isawsomegeeseinapond.9)Whenwespokeinthecave,weheardanecho.→→Whenwespokeinthecave,weheardsomeechoes.10)Thewagonisbeingpulledbyanox.→→Thewagonisbeingpulledbyoxen.11)EverydayIreadinthenewspaperaboutanewcrisissomewhereintheworld.→→EverydayIreadinthenewspaperaboutnewcrisessomewhereintheworld.Exercise8:Givethepluralformofthewordsitalicized.Addsomeortheifnecessary.12)Itoldthechildrenafableaboutawolfandafox.→→Itoldthechildrenafableaboutwolvesandfoxes.13)WereadastoryaboutanIndianchief.→→WereadastoryaboutIndianchiefs.14)Inourscienceclasses,wenotedasimilarphenomenon.→→Inourscienceclasses,wenotedsomesimilarphenomena.復(fù)合名詞compoundnouns1)復(fù)合名詞的形式A)兩個名詞寫作一個詞，中間無連字符，如headache,newspaper,railway等。B)兩個名詞寫作一個詞，中間有連字符(hyphen)，如mouse-trap,tooth-brush等。C)兩個名詞分開寫，如flowershop,policestation,goodstrain等。上面三條無一定規(guī)律可循，需要熟記，必要時可查閱權(quán)威的詞典，如Oxford(牛津系列)詞典，Webster(韋伯斯特系列)詞典等。復(fù)合名詞compoundnouns2)復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)A)以不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞無復(fù)數(shù)形式，如homework,moonlight等。B)以不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如bedrooms,bookcases(書柜；書櫥)等。C)以man或woman為前綴的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，前后兩個名詞均需變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如manservant→menservants(男仆),womanstudent→womenstudents等。復(fù)合名詞compoundnounsD)以“可數(shù)名詞+介詞(短語)”構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞時，在名詞后加-s,如looker-on→lookers-on(旁觀者),mother-in-law→mothers-in-law(岳母；婆婆)等。E)以“動詞/動詞-ed形式+副詞”構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞時，在詞尾加-s,如sit-in→sit-ins(靜坐抗議；靜坐罷工),stand-by→stand-bys(備用；備用設(shè)備),grown-up→grown-upsF)以“動詞-ing形式+副詞”構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞時，在動詞-ing形式后加-s,如coming-in→comings-in(收入)等。G)少數(shù)復(fù)合名詞可在第一個詞或第二個詞后加-s。例如：attorneygeneral→attorneysgeneral/attorneygenerals(司法部長；首席檢察官)Exercise9:Givethepluralformofthefollowingcompoundnouns.1)comrade-in-arms(戰(zhàn)友)2)clotheshanger(衣架=coathanger)3)licence-holder(持證人)4)informationoffice(咨詢處)5)gentlemanfarmer(鄉(xiāng)紳)6)savingsbank(儲蓄銀行)7)eveningdress(晚禮服)8)great-aunt(嬸祖母;伯祖母;姑姥姥)9)take-off(起飛)10)passer-by(過路人)Exercise9:Givethepluralformofthefollowingcompoundnouns.1)comrade-in-arms(戰(zhàn)友)→→comrades-in-arms(戰(zhàn)友)2)clotheshanger(衣架=coathanger)→→clotheshangers(衣架=coathangers)3)licence-holder(持證人)→→licence-holders(持證人)4)informationoffice(咨詢處)→→informationoffices(咨詢處)5)gentlemanfarmer(鄉(xiāng)紳)→→gentlemenfarmers(鄉(xiāng)紳)Exercise9:Givethepluralformofthefollowingcompoundnouns.6)savingsbank(儲蓄銀行)→→savingsbanks(儲蓄銀行)7)eveningdress(晚禮服)→→eveningdresses(晚禮服)8)great-aunt(嬸祖母;伯祖母;姑姥姥)→→great-aunts(嬸祖母;伯祖母;姑姥姥)9)take-off(起飛)→→take-offs(起飛)10)passer-by(過路人)→→passers-by(過路人)名詞屬格/所有格genitive['d?en?t?v]

case英語名詞有兩種屬格：’s屬格和of-屬格。例如：Whatistheship’sname?Whatisthenameoftheship?1)兩種屬格表示的意義1)兩種屬格表示的意義表示的意義相當(dāng)于所有關(guān)系MrLight’sdogthegravityoftheearthMrLighthasadog.Theearthhasgravity.b)主謂關(guān)系Britain’sdecisionthearrivalofourforeignguestsBritaindecided…Ourforeignguestsarrived.c)動賓關(guān)系theman’srelease(釋放)thedeclarationofindependence(Somebody)releasedtheman.(Somebody)declaredindependence.1)兩種屬格表示的意義表示的意義相當(dāng)于d)事物的來源myaunt’sletterthewinesofFrancealetterfrommyauntthewinefromFrancee)同位關(guān)系thecityofBeijingthepleasureofmeetingyouBeijingisacity.Meetingyouisapleasure.f)其他eightdays’absence=anabsenceofeightdayspartsoftheproblemdivisible

[d?'v?z?b(?)l]

adj.可分割的Theabsencelastedeightdays.Theproblemisdivisibleintoparts.Exercise10:Convert(轉(zhuǎn)換)thefollowingnounphrasesintosentences:Model:thedeclarationofindependence→→(Somebody)declaredindependence.1)therecognitionofthecrown2)theexpectationsoffreetrade3)thepromiseofself-government4)thepromiseofthegovernment5)thedeclarationofthecolony6)Edison’sinventionofthephonograph7)thefailureofhisbrotherExercise10:Convert(轉(zhuǎn)換)thefollowingnounphrasesintosentences:1)therecognitionofthecrown→→(Somebody)recognizedthecrown.2)theexpectationsoffreetrade→→(Somebody)expectedfreetrade.3)thepromiseofself-government→→(Somebody)promisedself-government(自制；自治；克制).Exercise10:Convert(轉(zhuǎn)換)thefollowingnounphrasesintosentences:4)thepromiseofthegovernment→→Thegovernmentpromised(something).5)thedeclarationofthecolony→→Thecolonydeclared(something).6)Edison’sinventionofthephonograph→→Edisoninventedthephonograph(留聲機(jī)；電唱機(jī)).7)thefailureofhisbrother→→Hisbrotherfailed.Exercise11—pretest:Writeoutthegenitivecaseofthefollowing:church;baby;horse;class;box;freshmen;firemen;teachers;theSmiths;theUnitedStates;Mr.Jones→→church’s;baby’s;horse’s;class’s;box’s;freshmen’s;firemen’s;teachers’;theSmiths’;theUnitedStates’;Mr.Jones’NotesA)一樣?xùn)|西如果為兩人所共有，在后一個人的名字后加’s,如AnnandJohn’sbedroom(安妮和約翰共用的臥室);B)如果不是兩人共有，而是各有各的東東，那么就在兩個人的名字后都加’s，其后的可數(shù)名詞要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如Ann’sandJohn’sbedrooms(安妮的臥室以及約翰的臥室).’s屬格的使用A)主要用于表示有生命的名詞，如women’sclothes,thehorse’smouth等。B)用于國家機(jī)關(guān)、社團(tuán)及一些地理名稱，如thegovernment’sproperty,Europe’sfuture等。C)用于船只、飛機(jī)、火車等，如theship’sbell;aglider’swings;thetrain’sheatingsystem等?！痵屬格的使用D)用于表示時間、距離、價值和重量的名詞，如amoment’sthought,eighthours’drive,twodollars’worth,aton’sweight等。E)常用于一些習(xí)慣用語中，如forheaven’ssake,athiswit’send(他江郎才盡/一籌莫展)等。Notes為了避免重復(fù)，’s屬格后的名詞?？墒÷?。例如：I’llstayatmygranny’s(home)inthevacation.MycarisfasterthanTom’s(car).of屬格的使用主要用于表示無生命的名詞，如thewheelofhistory,thewindowsofthehouse等。Notes

of屬格的名詞詞組，如在本句類似結(jié)構(gòu)中再次出現(xiàn)時，常用that/those代替。例如：ThepopulationofNewYorkisgreaterthanthatofChicago.Theearsofarabbitarelongerthanthoseofafox.雙重屬格doublegenitiveA)雙重屬格用來表示的所有關(guān)系是人，不是物。例如：a/anyfriendofmine=one/anyofmyfriends;somesonsofMrsHamilton’s=someofMrs.Hamilton’ssons;twoplaysofShakespeare’s=twoofShakespeare’splays上面的例子說明，雙重屬格可用a,any,some及數(shù)詞等修飾of短語前面的名詞，但不能用the，如不能說*thesonsofMrs.Hamilton’s。雙重屬格doublegenitiveB)雙重屬格還常用this,that,these和those修飾of短語前面的名詞，以表示愛憎褒貶等情感。例如：thisideaofyoursthatdogofRobert’stheseshoesofHenry’sthosedirtyhandsofyoursExercise12A.Changethefollowinginto’sgenitivecase1.thebagsoftheladies2.thevotesofthepeople3.anintervaloftwoweeks4.theSquareofSt.James5.theunclesofMr.SmithandMr.Jones6.theeditorialoftheNewYorkTimesKeytoExercise12A1.thebagsoftheladies→→theladies’bags2.thevotesofthepeople→→thepeople’svotes3.anintervaloftwoweeks→→atwoweeks’interval4.theSquareofSt.James→→St.James’sSquare5.theunclesofMr.SmithandMr.Jones→→Mr.Smith’sandMr.Jones’suncles或Mr.SmithandMr.Jones’suncles6.theeditorialoftheNewYorkTimes→→theNewYorkTimes’editorial(社論)Exercise12B:Changethefollowingsentencessothattheitalicizedpartsareexpressedinthe’sgenitiveconstruction:Model:Thisismyroomandthatisoccupiedbymysister.→→Thisismyroomandthatismysister’s.1.Idon’tknowhername,butIcantellyouwhatherhusbandiscalled.2.I’vereadJohn’sletter,butwhereareyoukeepingtheonefromMary?3.I’vereadmostofDickens’novelsandsomeofthosewrittenbyThackeray.KeytoExercise12B13-14-2第01次上課南京師范大學(xué)專轉(zhuǎn)本英語大二學(xué)生

2014年03月02日周日

多媒體西227warm-upexercises1.Weweresorrytohearthata7-magnitude(級)earthquake______Lushan,Ya’anCity,whichcaused196deathsand5missingpeople.A.restoredB.absorbedC.declaredD.struckwarm-upexercises1.Weweresorrytohearthata7-magnitude(級)earthquake______Lushan,Ya’anCity,whichcaused196deathsand5missingpeople.A.restoredB.absorbedC.declaredD.struck√warm-upexercises2.–Samisfullofambition.Heistryingtograspanychancetogetpromoted.–Itisunderstandable.______oneisinhiscompanydecideshowwellheispaidand______hecandowithhislife.A.Which;howB.Where;whatC.What;thatD.Who;thatwarm-upexercises2.–Samisfullofambition.Heistryingtograspanychancetogetpromoted.–Itisunderstandable.______oneisinhiscompanydecideshowwellheispaidand______hecandowith(處理)hislife.A.Which;howB.Where;what√C.What;thatD.Who;thatwarm-upexercises3.Thecentralgovernmenthasfixedagoalofcreatingnolessthan9millionjobsthisyear,withthefull-yearunemploymentrate______toreachlessthan4.6percent.A.settingB.setC.beingsetD.havingsetwarm-upexercises3.Thecentralgovernmenthasfixedagoalofcreatingnolessthan9millionjobsthisyear,withthefull-yearunemploymentrate______toreachlessthan4.6percent.A.settingB.set√C.beingsetD.havingsetwarm-upexercises4.Glassesare______andmustbehandledwithgreatcare.Ifnot,theymaybreakupeasily.A.originalB.fragileC.urgentD.alternativewarm-upexercises4.Glassesare______andmustbehandledwithgreatcare.Ifnot,theymaybreakupeasily.A.originalB.fragile√C.urgentD.alternativewarm-upexercises5.Althoughthecouplearenotsowealthy,theydecidetosendtheirsontostudyabroad______theveryhigheducationfees.A.infavorofB.incaseofC.regardlessofD.inneedofwarm-upexercises5.Althoughthecouplearenotsowealthy,theydecidetosendtheirsontostudyabroad______theveryhigheducationfees.A.infavorofB.incaseofC.regardlessof√D.inneedofwarm-upexercises6.–Shallwegotocallonourformerteachertomorrowmorning?–I’dloveto,butI______atestbetween9and11am.A.tookB.havetakenC.willbetakingD.amabouttotakewarm-upexercises6.–Shallwegotocallonourformerteachertomorrowmorning?–I’dloveto,butI______atestbetween9and11am.A.tookB.havetakenC.willbetaking√D.amabouttotakewarm-upexercises7.ThedriverofaSpanishtrainthatwentoffthetrainrailwayline,killingatleast80people,wasunderpoliceguard(在警察的監(jiān)視下)inhospitalonJuly26afterthedramatic(引人注目的)accident______anofficialsourcesaidwascausedbyexcessivespeed.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.whenwarm-upexercises7.ThedriverofaSpanishtrainthatwentoffthetrainrailwayline,killingatleast80people,wasunderpoliceguard(在警察的監(jiān)視下)inhospitalonJuly26afterthedramatic(引人注目的)accidentwhich[anofficialsourcesaid]wascausedbyexcessivespeed.A.which√B.whereC.whoD.whenwarm-upexercises8.ThreeastronautswhocompletedChina’slongestmannedspacemission(載人航天任務(wù))returnedtoEarthsafelyonApril26,_______anotherstepforwardtowardsthecountry’sgoalofbuildingapermanentmannedspacestationby2020.A.hasmarkedB.tomarkC.markedD.markingwarm-upexercises8.ThreeastronautswhocompletedChina’slongestmannedspacemission(載人航天任務(wù))returnedtoEarthsafelyonApril26,_______anotherstepforwardtowardsthecountry’sgoalofbuildingapermanentmannedspacestationby2020.A.hasmarkedB.tomarkC.markedD.marking√warm-upexercises9.–Howdoyouliketheessay?–Itcouldn’tbe______.ManyofitscontentsmusthavebeencopiedfromtheInternet.A.badB.theworstC.anybetterD.anyworsewarm-upexercises9.–Howdoyouliketheessay?–Itcouldn’tbe______.ManyofitscontentsmusthavebeencopiedfromtheInternet.A.badB.theworstC.anybetterD.anyworse√糟得不能再糟了warm-upexercises10.Beijingdeclaredzero______onTuesdayforanyescalation(逐步升級)byJapanthatviolates(侵犯)China’sterritorialsovereignty(領(lǐng)土主權(quán))overtheDiaoyuIslandsintheEastChinaSea.A.outcome結(jié)果B.mercy憐憫C.sponsor贊助D.tolerance忍耐warm-upexercises10.Beijingdeclaredzero______onTuesdayforanyescalation(逐步升級)byJapanthatviolates(侵犯)China’sterritorialsovereignty(領(lǐng)土主權(quán))overtheDiaoyuIslandsintheEastChinaSea.A.outcome結(jié)果B.mercy憐憫C.sponsor贊助D.tolerance忍耐√warm-upexercises11.Mandiffersfromanimals______theyareabletouselanguageasatooltocommunicatewitheachother.A.evenifB.inthatC.exceptthatD.ifonlywarm-upexercises11.Mandiffersfromanimals______theyareabletouselanguageasatooltocommunicatewitheachother.A.