醫(yī)學(xué)英語視聽說參考范本

精品精品感謝下載載感謝下載載MedicalEnglishWatchingListeningandSpeaking醫(yī)學(xué)英語視聽說考試資料TestIntroduction ：Part1：名詞解釋Part2：簡答Part3：病例分析Part4：體檢QuestionsForDiagnosis&Treatment-ChestPain1．PossibleDiseaseM.I.(myocardialinfarction) 心肌梗塞Angina 心絞痛Pericarditis 心包炎Pulmonaryembolism 肺栓Pneumothorax 氣胸Cholecystitis 膽囊炎Severeindigestion 嚴(yán)重消化不良Pneumonia 肺炎Pancreatitis 胰腺炎Musculoskelrtal 骨骼系統(tǒng)性疼痛．DescriptionsofPainAches 疼痛 ,,throbbing 悸痛,pulsing 疼痛，stings 刺痛\likestabbingpain,Sharppain,comesinwaves,suddenpain,MychestfeelstightItfeelslikeatightbandaroundmychestPressure,壓迫感UsefulSentencesForChestPainHowLongWhatdoesthepainfeellike?Showmewherethepainis?Isthepainjustinthatareaordoesitspeadanywhereelse?Douhaveanypaininurshoulderordownurleftarm?Isthepainconstantthereallthetime?Doesthepaingetworsewhenu----breatheinorout?----walk around or do heavywork?Whatpainkillersdiduhave?Aspirin （阿司匹林,paracetamol( 撲熱息痛)Herearethe Forms（化驗(yàn)單Needtohavesomebloodtest, X-ray,andECGrightaway ！Ur results showthat uhave Iamafraid uwillhavetobeadmittedinto hospitalfortreatment (住院治療)U need to have intravenous antibiotics (靜脈輸液)，oralmedication( 口服藥)。QuestionforDiagnosis&Treatment ---- Diarrhea( 瀉)PossibleDiseaseFoodpoisoning 食物中毒Dysentery 痢疾IntestinalObstruction 腸梗Dehydration 脫水Intussusception 腸套疊Enteritis 腸炎小腸炎)nse 節(jié)段性回腸炎Irritablebowelsyndrome 過敏性結(jié)腸炎BowelTumour 腸瘤Constipation 便秘DescriptiveWordsforFaeces 糞便 andDiarrheaLiquid 液 體watery 水樣

Lumpy 粒狀Semi-soft 半軟

Mucous 粘液Bloodybloody and likejelly 帶血膠狀Dark brown 啡色Beige淺褐色Dry 干燥Blackandsticky黑色呈柏油Beige淺褐色Dry 干燥Blackandsticky黑色呈柏油Smelly 發(fā)臭的Pus膿Milkdeposits牛奶沉淀Un-digested未消化的Pale 白色Green 青色精品精品感謝下載載感謝下載載QuestionforDiarrhea （順序?yàn)闄M）Howlong HowmanytimesBloody? Stool （大便） looklike?Dotheysmell? Painwhenuhavediarrhea?Vomit? Eatsomethingwrong?Abletoeat?Howaboutfluids Anyfeverorheadache?Doufeel dehydrated 脫水)?Specimen （樣品）ofstools;bloodtest;x-ray; ultrasound( 聲) Umusttakefluids,andjusthavealightdietuntilfeelbetterPossiblebowelcancer （腸癌順序?yàn)闄M）3timesaweek 2or3timesadayAbitsoft,darkbrown Notsmellpain going with Abdominal pain discomfortFeel bloated 腹脹 Press on stomach andpalpateDotestofspecimenofurstools,bloodtestMight need endoscopic 內(nèi)窺鏡的,內(nèi)窺鏡檢查的 sigmoidoscopy 乙狀結(jié)腸鏡檢查[術(shù)]QuestionsForDiagnosis&Treatment AbdominalPain1..PossibleDiseaseAbdominalObstruction 腹脹[?b?m?n?lAppendicitis 闌尾炎FoodPoisoning 食物中毒Hepatitis 肝炎Cholecystitis(gallstones) 膽囊炎膽結(jié)石）GynecologicalProblems 婦科疾病StomachUlcer 胃潰瘍[Pancreatitis 胰腺炎kriUrologicalProblems 泌尿系統(tǒng)問題Respiratoryproblems 呼吸系統(tǒng)問題?:riCardiovascularproblems 心血管問題[skj2.UsefulSentencesHowlong?where?howpainfulisit?Didthepainstratthereorsomewhereelse?Doesithurtmoreaftercertainexercisesoractions?Doufeelthatuhavehadfeveratanytime?Areupassingurineok?( 你排尿正常嗎？ )Whatdoesururinelooklike?Areuhavingyourbowelsopenregularly?( 排便正常嗎Areumenstruating?isitnormalBleeding?isitnormal?Havingaperiod?isitnormal?(females 月經(jīng)來了嗎？Areuvomiting?Whatdouvomit?Isthereapattern?( 一般什么情況下嘔吐 Areuabletoeatordrink?Dougetpainaftereatinganddrinking?Pleaselaydown,IneedtoexamineuIwillneedtodosomeinvestigations:bloodtests,x-rayandultrasound,urinetestsandstooltestsCholecystitisD:Hello,mynameisDrpan,howcanIhelpu?:I e d l n for a few s d tsworse.D;howlonghaveuhadabdominalpain?P;aboutthreedays.D;whereisit?canushowme?P:yes,justhere.D;howpainfulisit?P:atfirstitwasjust onandoff, butnowitseemstobethereallthetime.D: on a scale of 1 to 10;if no pains is 1 and very 10,whatnumberwouldugiveyourpain?;Ideta7D;didthepainstartthereorsomewhereelse?;itss nthere.D;doesithurtmoreafterexerciseoractions?P；ifiamwalingaroundalot,itwillhurtabitmore.D;doufeelthatuhavehadafeveratanytime?;no,I nt think so ,I e felt t t I nt taken temperature.D；Ineedtotakeurtemperature,pulse,andB/PAreupassingurineok?P;yesD;whatdoesururinelooklike?P;normalD;areuhavingurbowelsopenregulatly?;usuallyIo,butIn tdmysnforacoupleofdays.D;haveuvomited?P;no,IthoughtIwasgoingtotodaybutthefeelingpassed.D;areuabletoeatanddrinkanything?;ImgtIn treallyfelteD:whathaveubeendrinking?P：Ihavehadacoupleofglassesofwaterandacoupleofcupsofcoffee.D:doesthepaingetworseaftereatingordrinking 、;no,notthatI veD;I need to examine you.please lay down,and loosen clothingforme.P;ok.D;showmewhereithurts.P:ithurtsjustthere.D;ok take a nice big breth, breathe in and out ,now try andrelax.P:ouch,thathurts.D；OKthanks,ucangetdressednow.P:Iwillneedtodosomeinvestigations::bloodtests,x-rayandultrasound,urinetestsandstooltestsD;hello ,your results show that u might have cholecystitis,uneed to be admitted to hospital for observation treatment,andwemayneedtodomoretestsbeforewehaveacorrectdiagnosis.;do I really d to e d o , nt anythingucangivemeforthepainandtohelptheproblem?D;sorry,no,itisbestthatuareadmittedforfurthertest,wecancheckthatun ttsrsomethingseriouslywithurliver.P;allright,PPTofAbdomialPainAlloedmuchefthepfcasesknowngenerallyastheacuteabdomenwillprobablyagreethatinthatconditionearlydiagnosisisexceptional Typesofabdominalpain? Colicky （絞痛 0pain-causedbydistention （膨脹）ofahollowviscus （空臟器） ,suchasbowel.? Somatic （軀干身體） pain-causedbyinflammation （炎癥）oftheparietalperitoneum （層腹膜）;? Visceral（）paincausedbyinflammationofthevisceralperitoneumandcapsuleofsolidorgans.Quadrant （象限） ViewoftheAbdomenRightUpperCholecystitis （膽囊炎）? Inflammationofthegallbladder 膽囊,causedbyobstruction （管道堵塞）withagallstone.? Painisusuallysteadyforanhourormoreafteronsetandmadeworsebyeating.? Ifthereissignificantinflammationassociatedwiththecholecystitis,theremaybelocalperitonealpain(somaticpain)腹膜性疼痛.? Painmaybereferredtothescapular( 肩胛的)areaaccompaniesnausea 惡心,vomiting,andfeverwithoutjaundice 黃疸.? Diagnosedwithultrasound( ).Cholangitis 膽管炎? Causedbyobstructionofthebiliarytract( 膽道)leadingbacterialovergrowthinthegallbladder.? Markedy t sTriad（查科三聯(lián)征）–RUQ(右上腹)pain,jaundiceandfever.? Diagnosedbyultrasound.? IsanemergencyandmustbetreatedwithIVantibiotics( 靜脈抗生素).? Mayrequiredecompression( 解壓憑借窺鏡的)orsurgicalmeans.Hepatitis （肝炎）? Causedbyinflammation （感染） oftheliverbyviruses （毒）,alcoholorcertaindrugs.? Markedbytender,enlargedliverwithmalaise （不舒服）,feverandjaundice.? Diagnosedbyhistoryandlaboratoryevaluation-liverfunctiontestsandviralserologies. （病毒血清學(xué)的檢查）? Treatmentdependsonetiology （病因，病原）ofdisease.Pancreatitis （胰腺炎）? Most commonly caused by alcoholism (50%) and gallstones(30%)obstructingthecommonbile （膽汁）duct（管道）.? Constantmid-epigastric （上腹部的） visceral（內(nèi)臟的）painusuallyoccurringafteraheavymealoralcoholicbinge.? Painmayradiatetotheback(50%)andisaccompaniedbynausea,vomitingandanorexia （厭食癥）.? Diagnosedbyamylase （淀粉酶）andlipase 脂肪酶.ImagingbyCTscanmaybedesirableinsomecases.LeftUpperPepticUlcer （胃潰瘍）? Causedbyincreasedgastricacidproduction （胃酸容物）ordecreasedmucosal （粘膜的）protection.? Increasedgastricacidproductionmaybecausedbyalcoholism （酒精中毒）orgastrinproducingtumor(Zollinger-EllisonSyndrome 佐林格-埃利森綜合征? DecreasedmucosalprotectionmaybecausedbyefD （非類固醇抗炎藥） rynHelicobacterpylori 幽門螺旋桿菌.? Painisvisceralandmaybecomesomatic （腹膜性疼痛ifperforation （穿孔Theremayberadiationtotheback.? Diagnosedby H.pylori antigen （抗原）intheserum （清）,endoscopy 內(nèi)鏡檢查LeftLower（（）RightLowerAppendicitis? Causedbyobstructionoftheappendiceal （闌尾的）lumen( 腔)? Painstartsasperiumbilical( 臍周的)andmigrates( 遷移theQ(McBurney sPoint)? Isaccompaniedbynausea,vomitingandanorexia( 厭食癥).Mayhavefever-especiallyifruptured.? DiagnosedbyultrasoundorCTscan.? Treatmentissurgicalandisanemergencyifruptured.GeneralAbdominalPain? Somecausesofabdominalpainaregeneralizedandnotrestrictedtoanyspecificquadrant.Gastritis( 胃炎)? Causedbyinflammationofthegastrointestinaltractbymicroorganisms( 微生物),radiation （放射物）andotherirritants （刺激物）.? Describedasdiffuse （擴(kuò)散）crampy（痙攣）痛 abdominalpain.? Oftenaccompaniedbydiarrhea,nauseavomiting,dehydration （脫水）andfever.? DiagnosisisbyhistoryandsoonBowelObstruction （腸梗阻）? Causedbyobstructionofthebowellumen （空腔）bymass,volvulus（腸扭轉(zhuǎn)）,intussusception （腸套疊）aroundscar（傷疤）adhesions （粘連）.? Painiscolickyinnature ，accompaniedbyvomiting? Maybeaccompaniedbywaterydiarrhea-? Diagnosedbyabdominalx-rayslookingfordistended( 脹的)loops 環(huán)結(jié) ofbowelandair-fluidlevels （氣液面）.KidneyStones? Causedbyobstructionoftheupperurinarytract （上泌尿道）byastonethatisinduced （導(dǎo)致）bydehydration （水）,infection,hypercalcemia （血鈣過多）andothermetabolicimbalances. （代謝不平衡）? Painisdescribedascolickyandlocatedanywherefromtheflank （側(cè)面）tothegroin （腹股溝）.? Diagnosedbyintravenouspyelogram （圖）,ultrasoundorCTscan.AppropriateExam? Vitalsignstoevaluateforsignsofinfection,dehydration,shock,instability.? Inspectvisuallyfordistention,scars,jaundice,signsofhernias 疝ormasses.? Auscultate-highpitchedbowelsoundsmayindicateearlyobstruction.Nobowelsoundsindicateileus （阻）Increasedbowelsoundsmaybeassociatedwithgastritis.? PalpateandPercuss-fortenderness （疼痛）,masses（塊）,pulsation （脈動),hernias 疝,,CVAtenderness0 （脊肋角疼痛）liverandspleensize,ascites（腹水）andhyperresonance（過清音）.? Pelvicexaminwomen? Rectalexam （直腸檢查）GeneralIntroductionStrokeClassificationofStroke? IschemicStroke 缺血性腦卒中...(75% BrainInfarct 腦梗死 )Occlusive:閉塞性? Thrombosis 血栓形成? Embolism 栓塞AnteriorCirculation前循環(huán)?Occlusionofcarotidartery（頸動脈）involvecerebralhemispheres（大腦兩半球）PosteriorCirculation后循環(huán)?Vertebro-basilarartery（椎基底動脈）distributioninvolvebrainstem（腦干）orcerebellum（小腦）?HemorrhagicStroke出血性卒中Subarachnoid蛛網(wǎng)膜下的? Aneurysm (mostcommon)? Arteriovenousmalformation 動靜脈型血管畸形Intracerebral 大腦內(nèi)的? Hypertension (mostcommon)? Amyloidangiopathy （淀粉樣腦血管病） inelderlyStroke FactorsModifiableHypertensionTobaccouse--TIA(Transientischemicattack)HeartDiseaseDiabetesMellitusSickleCell 鐮狀細(xì)胞 andincreasedRBCUnmodifiableAgeGenderRacePreviousCVA （腦血管意外）Heredity （遺傳）Stroke andSymptomsIschemic( 缺血性的)---CarotidCirculation(. 頸動脈循環(huán))Unilateralparalysis 單側(cè)的癱瘓(oppositeside)Numbness 麻痹 (oppositeside)Languagedisturbance （障礙）Aphasia 失語癥–difficult comprehension, nonsense 胡說,difficultreading/writingDysarthria 發(fā)音困難 speech 語言不清,abnormalpronunciation.Visualdisturbance (oppositeside)Monocularblindness （單眼盲）(sameside)---VertebrobasilarCirculation 椎基底動脈循環(huán)Vertigo 眩暈Visualdisturbance 視力障礙(Botheyessimultaneously)Diplopia 復(fù)視ParalysisNumbnessDysarthriaAtaxia 共濟(jì)失調(diào)Diabetes 糖尿病Patient: Recently I'vebeenfeeling verythirsty and passingalotofurine,Isthereanywrongwithme?最近我總覺得口渴和尿量很多。是有了什么毛病吧？Doctor:Howisyouappetite?Howdoyoufeelotherwise?你的胃口怎么樣？一般健康狀況好嗎？P:I'velostweightdespitemygoodappetite,andIfeelweakallthetime.盡管我的食欲很好，我的體重還是減輕了。我整天覺得很疲勞D:Letmeexamineyoururine.Youmayhavediabetes.我給你檢查一下尿吧。很可能你得了糖尿病。P:Whatisthat?Canitbecured? 嗎？D:Diabetesisachronicdiseaseduetopoorfunctioningofthe pancreas. It upsets the metabolism of sugar, fat protein.Rightnow,itcan'tbecured,butitcanbecontrolledsothatyoucanenjoylifeandfeelwell.Youshouldsticktoaspecial diet and avoid sugar and sweets.病，由于胰腺功能不良引起。它使糖、脂肪喝蛋白質(zhì)的代謝發(fā)生異常。目前還沒有治愈辦法。但是可以被控制，因此你能生活得很愉快。你應(yīng)堅(jiān)持控制飲食，不吃糖和甜食。P:CanIsmoke? 我能吸煙嗎？D:Smokingisharmfultoanyone'shealth.Bettergiveitup. 對任何人都是有害的。我勸你戒煙。P:CanIdrinkalcohol? 我能飲酒嗎？D:Inmoderation.Asyouknowalcoholcontainscaloriesandmustbecountedinyourmealplan. 精能增加熱卡，因此必須計(jì)算在你的食譜之內(nèi)。P:HowcanIkeeptoagooddiet?我怎樣才能保持一個(gè)良好的飲食方案呢？D:Youshouldlearnasmuchasyoucanaboutdiabetes,haveyour urine tested regularly, stick to your diet, take medicineandhavesomeregularexercise.Thenyoucanliveafull,usefulandmeaningfullife.你應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量學(xué)習(xí)一些有過糖尿病的知識，定期檢查你的小便。堅(jiān)持食譜中的規(guī)定，按時(shí)服藥。要有定量的運(yùn)動。于是你能生活得美滿、有益和有意義。SymptomsofDiabetes( 糖尿病)? Fewglucosecanreachmusclecell>weakandfatigue? Breakdownproteintoreleaseenergy>feelshungry,lossweight? Kidneyextractexcessglucose>thirsty,frequenturinaion,kidneydamage消化系統(tǒng)疾病 *PepticUlcer 消化性潰瘍Patient:Ihaveapaininmystomach 我胃疼。Doctor:Howlonghaveyouhadit? 疼了多久？P:Ihavehaditoffandon(intermittently)forthepastthreeyears.Ithasbeenreallybadthesepasttwoweeks.斷斷續(xù)續(xù)已經(jīng)疼了三年，近兩周來疼的很厲害。D:Doyoufeelitonlywhenyourstomachisempty?是在肚子空的時(shí)候才覺得疼痛嗎？P:Yes.AfterIeat,itgoesawayforawhile.是的，吃了東西以后疼痛緩解一會兒。D:Whendoyougetit?什么時(shí)候才疼呢？P:UsuallywhenIgetverynervous.Sometimesitwakesmeupinthemiddleofthenight.通常是在我興奮激動時(shí)，有時(shí)半夜把我疼醒了。D:Whatkindofpaindoyouhave?是怎樣一種疼痛？P:Itgivesmea burningsensation.象燒灼一樣地疼。D:Usually howdoyougetrelief?平常您是怎樣止疼的呢？P:AfterItakesome sodiumbicarbonate ,thepaingoesawaytemporarily.在服小蘇打后，疼痛可暫時(shí)緩解。D:Haveyouhadanynauseaorvomiting?你惡心嘔吐過嗎？P:Yes,occasionally.是的，有時(shí)候有。D:Areyour bowels regular?Haveyouobservedyourstools?你大便正常嗎？你注意過你的糞便嗎？P:Iusuallyhavetogoonceeveryotherday.IwasveryworriedbecauselastnightIwenttwiceandthecolorwasblack(tarry).平常我隔日大便一次。昨晚我大便了兩次，顏色還是黑（象柏油似）的，我很擔(dān)心。D:Letmeexamineyourabdomen.Liedownonyourbackandbendyourkneesupplease.讓我檢查一下您的肚子，請仰躺，把腿卷起來。Itsoundslikeaduodenalulcer,butwehavetodosometests,andtakeanx-rayfirst,beforewecanbecertain.看起來象十二指腸潰瘍，但需做一些化驗(yàn)和拍張 X線片才能確診。You should have a complete rest and give your stomach little work as possible. Take only fluids. There is nothingbetter than boiled tepid milk taken regularly in smallquantities. In addition, I will giveyousomemedicine.Iftheblackstoolspersistoryourconditiongetsworse,comebacktothehospitalatonce.您應(yīng)當(dāng)徹底休息并盡量減輕胃的工作， 應(yīng)當(dāng)吃流食。按時(shí)少量吃些過的溫牛奶是最好不過了。此外，我還要給您一些藥。如果持續(xù)有黑便或病情有惡化，就馬上來看。P:Thankyou.I'llfollowyouradvice.謝謝您，我將遵囑。Peptic-duodenalUlcer （胃十二指腸潰瘍）Patient:MystoolshavebeenblackforthepasttwodaysandIfeelweak.這兩天我大便發(fā)黑而且感到虛弱。Doctor:Havetheyeverbeenblackbefore?以前你的大便發(fā)黑過嗎？P:No.Thisisthefirsttime.沒有。這是第一次。D:Haveyouhadanypain?你感到有什么地方疼痛嗎？P:Yes,inmystomach.是的，我胃痛。D:Howlonghaveyouhadit?你痛了多久？P:I'vehaditonandoffforthepasttwoyears,butitwasneverasbadasthisbefore.我好好壞壞疼了兩年，但從來沒有象這次那樣疼過。D:Whendoyoufeelthepain?什么時(shí)間疼？P:Justaftermealsmystomachaches.Sometimenvomited.剛吃完飯就疼，有時(shí)還吐。Now I have it almost every day. It often awakensme 2 to hoursafterIgotosleep.我?guī)缀趺刻於继?，常常在夜間入睡兩、三小時(shí)就把我疼醒了。D:Whatkindofapainisit?是什么性質(zhì)的疼呢？P:likeheartburn.燒心樣疼。D:Does spicyfood affectif?辛辣食物會加重疼痛嗎？P:Yes.It'softenworseafterIeatspicyfoodoronions.是的，吃了辛辣的食物或洋蔥都加重疼痛。D:Doyouhavelesspainaftereating?吃東西后疼痛就緩和些嗎？P:Yes,alittle.是的，稍緩和些。D:Didyouvomitsometimes?你吐過嗎？P:Yes,Idid.吐過。D:Whatdidyouvomit,foodorblood?吐出的是什么東西，食物還是血？P:Foodwithalittleblood.食物和一點(diǎn)血。D:Whatwasthecoloroftheblood,redorblack?吐出的血是鮮紅的，還是黑的？P:Likecoffee.象咖啡似的。D:I'llexamineyouabdomen.Liedownonyourbackandloosenyouclothes.Pleasebendyourknees.Ithinkwe'dbettertakeax-rayfilmofyourgastrointestinaltract.Ithinkyou'vegotapepticulcer(duodenalulcer).I'llgiveyousomemedicine.Haveagoodrestathome.讓我檢查一下你的腹部。躺下，松開衣服請屈膝。我想我們最好照個(gè)胃腸X線片像。我看你得的是胃（十二指腸）好好在家休息。P:IsthereanythingelseIshoulddo?還要注意些什么嗎？D: If possible avoid all alcohol. Whenever you have bleeding,comeimmediatelytothehospital.如果可能應(yīng)戒酒，若再有出血馬上到醫(yī)院來。Yourproblemprobablycomesfromaduodenalulcer.Youaresufferingfromshockduetobleeding.Themedicinewehavebeen using has not been effective and so we feel that it necessarytoperformanoperation.你可能是十二指腸潰瘍。 你的休克是因失血引起的。 我們用過許多藥效果都不好。所以我們認(rèn)為需要手術(shù)治療。P:DoanythingyoufeelisnecessaryDoctor! 就做吧！D: I would like to talk about the operation with you. operationmaybethebestwaytocureyou.However,therearecentain dangers in operating, such as the hazards anesthetics,oryoumaybeunabletowithstandthestressofthe operation. Moreover, after the operation, complicaionsmayoccur,suchasbleeding,infectionsorevencontinuedintestinalobstruction.我要和你談?wù)勈中g(shù)的問題。手術(shù)也許是治療的最好辦法。但是手術(shù)也有一定的危險(xiǎn)。如麻醉的危害或你的身體經(jīng)受不住手術(shù)，同時(shí)手術(shù)后可能會出現(xiàn)并發(fā)癥，如出血、感染，甚至持續(xù)腸梗阻。VomitingandDiarrhea （嘔吐和腹瀉）Parent:Mychildhasbeenvomitingfrequently.從什么時(shí)候開始的？一天大概幾次？Doctor:Whendiditstart?Howfrequently?有十天了。一天吐五次左右。P:Itstartedaboouttendaysago.Hevomitsaboutfivetimesaday.他通常在什么時(shí)候吐？D:Whendoesheusuallyvomit?他通常在進(jìn)食以后吐。P:Usuallyaftertakingfood.每次吐的量多還是少？D:Doeshevomitalargeorsmallamounteachtime?每次吐的不太多。P:Nottoomuch. 每次吐的不太多。D:Ishisstoolnormal? 大便正常嗎P:正常。D:Howabouthisappetite? 他的胃口怎樣？P:It'sgood. 他的胃口是好的。D:Ishelosingweight? 他的體重減輕了嗎？P:No.Everythingelseseemstobeallright. 正常D:Mostlikelythisisduetoimproperfeeding.Afterfeeding,thebabyshouldbehelderectoveryourshoulderandpattedgentlyontheback,sothatanyswallowedaircancomeout.Afterburpinghim,puthiminhiscriponhisrightsidewithhisheadslightlyraised.Ifheshouldvomit,youshouldturnhimontohissidewithhisfacedown,sohecan'tinhalehisvomit.他的嘔吐看來是喂養(yǎng)不當(dāng)。每次喂完奶，應(yīng)該把孩子豎起來，靠在您的肩膀上，然后輕輕拍他的后背。這樣吞咽的氣可以排出來。讓他打嗝以后，孩子應(yīng)向右側(cè)躺，頭稍稍微抬起一點(diǎn)。如果他吐的話，應(yīng)使他臉朝下，他就不致于把吐的東西吸進(jìn)去了。D:Hashegotdiarrhea? 他腹瀉嗎？P:Yesfortwodays. 已經(jīng)腹瀉兩天了。D:Howmanytimesaday?Isstoolwatery(veryloose,largeinamount)?Istherepus,bloodormucusinit?一天大便幾次？是水樣便（很稀，量很多）嗎？里面有沒有膿、血或粘液？P:Aboutfivetimesaday.Theyarequiteloosewithmilkcuredandundigestedfoodinthem.一天大約五次，很稀，還有奶瓣和不消化的食物。D:He'sprobablygotindigestion.Pleasestopallfoodexceptmilk. Try to give him a little less milk than usual. Now, prescribesomemedicineforhim 。他大概是消化不良。請停用所有的輔食，只給他奶吃，要減少一點(diǎn)奶量，我給他開點(diǎn)藥。精品精品感謝下載載感謝下載載1 總則1.1 為了加強(qiáng)公司的環(huán)境衛(wèi)生管理，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)整潔、文明、溫馨的購物、辦公環(huán)境，根據(jù)《公共場所衛(wèi)生管理?xiàng)l例》的要求，特制定本制度。1.2 集團(tuán)公司的衛(wèi)生管理部門設(shè)在企管部，并負(fù)責(zé)將集團(tuán)公司的衛(wèi)生區(qū)域詳細(xì)劃分到各部室，各分公司所轄區(qū)域衛(wèi)生由分公司客服部負(fù)責(zé)劃分，確保無遺漏。2 衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2.1 室內(nèi)衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2.1.1 地面、墻面：無灰塵、無紙屑、無痰跡、無泡泡糖等粘合物、無積水，墻角無灰吊、無蜘蛛網(wǎng)。2.1.2 門、窗、玻璃、鏡子、柱子、電梯、樓梯、燈具等，做到明亮、無灰塵、無污跡、無粘合物，特別是玻璃，要求兩面明亮。2.1.3 柜臺、貨架：清潔干凈，貨架、柜臺底層及周圍無亂堆亂放現(xiàn)象、無灰塵、無粘合物，貨架頂部、背部和底部干凈，不存放雜物和私人物品。2.1.4 購物車（筐）、直接接觸食品的售貨工具（包括刀、叉等）：做到內(nèi)外潔凈，無污垢和粘合物等。購物車（筐）要求每天營業(yè)前簡單清理，周五全面清理消毒；售貨工具要求每天消毒，并做好記錄。2.1.5 商品及包裝：商品及外包裝清潔無灰塵（外包裝破損的或破舊的不得陳列）。2.1.6 收款臺、服務(wù)臺、辦公櫥、存包柜：保持清潔、無灰塵，臺面和側(cè)面無灰塵、無灰吊和蜘蛛網(wǎng)。桌面上不得亂貼、亂畫、亂堆放物品，用具擺放有序且干凈，除當(dāng)班的購物小票收款聯(lián)外，其它單據(jù)不得存放在桌面上。2.1.7 垃圾桶：桶內(nèi)外干凈，要求營業(yè)時(shí)間隨時(shí)清理，不得溢出，每天下班前徹底清理，不得留有垃圾過夜。2.1.8 窗簾：定期進(jìn)行清理，要求干凈、無污漬。2.1.9 吊飾：屋頂?shù)牡躏椧鬅o灰塵、無蜘蛛網(wǎng)，短期內(nèi)不適用的吊飾及時(shí)清理徹底。2.1.10 內(nèi)、外倉庫：半年徹底清理一次，無垃圾、無積塵、無蜘蛛網(wǎng)等。2.1.11 室內(nèi)其他附屬物及工作用具均以整潔為準(zhǔn)，要求無灰塵、無粘合物等污垢。2.2 室外衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2.2.1 門前衛(wèi)生：地面每天班前清理，平時(shí)每一小時(shí)清理一次，每周四營業(yè)結(jié)束后有條件的用水沖洗地面（冬季可根據(jù)情況適當(dāng)清理），墻面干凈且無亂貼亂畫。2.2.2 院落衛(wèi)生：院內(nèi)地面衛(wèi)生全天保潔，果皮箱、消防器械、護(hù)欄及配電箱等設(shè)施每周清理干凈。垃圾池周邊衛(wèi)生清理徹底，不得有垃圾溢出。2.2.3 綠化區(qū)衛(wèi)生：做到無雜物、無紙屑、無塑料袋等垃圾。3 清理程序3.1 室內(nèi)和門前院落等區(qū)域衛(wèi)生：每天營業(yè)前提前10分鐘把所管轄區(qū)域內(nèi)衛(wèi)生清理完畢，營業(yè)期間隨時(shí)保潔。下班后5-10分鐘清理桌面及衛(wèi)生區(qū)域。3.2 綠化區(qū)衛(wèi)生：每周徹底清理一遍，隨時(shí)保持清潔無垃圾。4 管理考核4.1 實(shí)行百分制考核，每月一次（四個(gè)分公司由客服部分別考核、集團(tuán)職4.2 集團(tuán)堅(jiān)持定期檢查和不定期抽查的方式監(jiān)督各分公司、部門的衛(wèi)生工作。每周五為衛(wèi)生檢查日，集團(tuán)檢查結(jié)果考核至各分公司，各分公司客服部的檢查結(jié)果考核至各部門。4.3 集團(tuán)公司每年不定期組織衛(wèi)生大檢查活動，活動期間的考核以通知為準(zhǔn)。5 監(jiān)督考核部門：企管部、分公司客服部。感謝下載!MedicalEnglishWatchingListeningandSpeaking醫(yī)學(xué)英語視聽說考試資料TestIntroduction ：Part1：名詞解釋Part2：簡答Part3：病例分析Part4：體檢QuestionsForDiagnosis&Treatment-ChestPain1．PossibleDiseaseM.I.(myocardialinfarction) 心肌梗塞Angina 心絞痛Pericarditis 心包炎Pulmonaryembolism 肺栓Pneumothorax 氣胸Cholecystitis 膽囊炎Severeindigestion 嚴(yán)重消化不良Pneumonia 肺炎Pancreatitis 胰腺炎Musculoskelrtal 骨骼系統(tǒng)性疼痛．DescriptionsofPainAches 疼痛 ,,throbbing 悸痛,pulsing 疼痛，stings 刺痛\likestabbingpain,Sharppain,comesinwaves,suddenpain,MychestfeelstightItfeelslikeatightbandaroundmychestPressure,壓迫感UsefulSentencesForChestPainHowLongWhatdoesthepainfeellike?Showmewherethepainis?Isthepainjustinthatareaordoesitspeadanywhereelse?Douhaveanypaininurshoulderordownurleftarm?Isthepainconstantthereallthetime?Doesthepaingetworsewhenu----breatheinorout?----walk around or do heavywork?Whatpainkillersdiduhave?Aspirin （阿司匹林,paracetamol( 撲熱息痛)Herearethe Forms（化驗(yàn)單Needtohavesomebloodtest, X-ray,andECGrightaway ！Ur results showthat uhave Iamafraid uwillhavetobeadmittedinto hospitalfortreatment (住院治療)U need to have intravenous antibiotics (靜脈輸液)，oralmedication( 口服藥)。QuestionforDiagnosis&Treatment ---- Diarrhea( 瀉)PossibleDiseaseFoodpoisoning 食物中毒Dysentery 痢疾IntestinalObstruction 腸梗Dehydration 脫水Intussusception 腸套疊Enteritis 腸炎小腸炎)nse 節(jié)段性回腸炎Irritablebowelsyndrome 過敏性結(jié)腸炎BowelTumour 腸瘤Constipation 便秘DescriptiveWordsforFaeces 糞便 andDiarrheaLiquid 液 體watery 水樣

Lumpy 粒狀Semi-soft 半軟

Mucous 粘液Bloodybloody and likejelly 帶血膠狀Dark brown 啡色Beige淺褐色Dry 干燥Blackandsticky黑色呈柏油Beige淺褐色Dry 干燥Blackandsticky黑色呈柏油Smelly 發(fā)臭的Pus膿Milkdeposits牛奶沉淀Un-digested未消化的Pale 白色Green 青色精品精品感謝下載載感謝下載載QuestionforDiarrhea （順序?yàn)闄M）Howlong HowmanytimesBloody? Stool （大便） looklike?Dotheysmell? Painwhenuhavediarrhea?Vomit? Eatsomethingwrong?Abletoeat?Howaboutfluids Anyfeverorheadache?Doufeel dehydrated 脫水)?Specimen （樣品）ofstools;bloodtest;x-ray; ultrasound( 聲) Umusttakefluids,andjusthavealightdietuntilfeelbetterPossiblebowelcancer （腸癌順序?yàn)闄M）3timesaweek 2or3timesadayAbitsoft,darkbrown Notsmellpain going with Abdominal pain discomfortFeel bloated 腹脹 Press on stomach andpalpateDotestofspecimenofurstools,bloodtestMight need endoscopic 內(nèi)窺鏡的,內(nèi)窺鏡檢查的 sigmoidoscopy 乙狀結(jié)腸鏡檢查[術(shù)]QuestionsForDiagnosis&Treatment AbdominalPain1..PossibleDiseaseAbdominalObstruction 腹脹[?b?m?n?lAppendicitis 闌尾炎FoodPoisoning 食物中毒Hepatitis 肝炎Cholecystitis(gallstones) 膽囊炎膽結(jié)石）GynecologicalProblems 婦科疾病StomachUlcer 胃潰瘍[Pancreatitis 胰腺炎kriUrologicalProblems 泌尿系統(tǒng)問題Respiratoryproblems 呼吸系統(tǒng)問題?:riCardiovascularproblems 心血管問題[skj2.UsefulSentencesHowlong?where?howpainfulisit?Didthepainstratthereorsomewhereelse?Doesithurtmoreaftercertainexercisesoractions?Doufeelthatuhavehadfeveratanytime?Areupassingurineok?( 你排尿正常嗎？ )Whatdoesururinelooklike?Areuhavingyourbowelsopenregularly?( 排便正常嗎Areumenstruating?isitnormalBleeding?isitnormal?Havingaperiod?isitnormal?(females 月經(jīng)來了嗎？Areuvomiting?Whatdouvomit?Isthereapattern?( 一般什么情況下嘔吐 Areuabletoeatordrink?Dougetpainaftereatinganddrinking?Pleaselaydown,IneedtoexamineuIwillneedtodosomeinvestigations:bloodtests,x-rayandultrasound,urinetestsandstooltestsCholecystitisD:Hello,mynameisDrpan,howcanIhelpu?:I e d l n for a few s d tsworse.D;howlonghaveuhadabdominalpain?P;aboutthreedays.D;whereisit?canushowme?P:yes,justhere.D;howpainfulisit?P:atfirstitwasjust onandoff, butnowitseemstobethereallthetime.D: on a scale of 1 to 10;if no pains is 1 and very 10,whatnumberwouldugiveyourpain?;Ideta7D;didthepainstartthereorsomewhereelse?;itss nthere.D;doesithurtmoreafterexerciseoractions?P；ifiamwalingaroundalot,itwillhurtabitmore.D;doufeelthatuhavehadafeveratanytime?;no,I nt think so ,I e felt t t I nt taken temperature.D；Ineedtotakeurtemperature,pulse,andB/PAreupassingurineok?P;yesD;whatdoesururinelooklike?P;normalD;areuhavingurbowelsopenregulatly?;usuallyIo,butIn tdmysnforacoupleofdays.D;haveuvomited?P;no,IthoughtIwasgoingtotodaybutthefeelingpassed.D;areuabletoeatanddrinkanything?;ImgtIn treallyfelteD:whathaveubeendrinking?P：Ihavehadacoupleofglassesofwaterandacoupleofcupsofcoffee.D:doesthepaingetworseaftereatingordrinking 、;no,notthatI veD;I need to examine you.please lay down,and loosen clothingforme.P;ok.D;showmewhereithurts.P:ithurtsjustthere.D;ok take a nice big breth, breathe in and out ,now try andrelax.P:ouch,thathurts.D；OKthanks,ucangetdressednow.P:Iwillneedtodosomeinvestigations::bloodtests,x-rayandultrasound,urinetestsandstooltestsD;hello ,your results show that u might have cholecystitis,uneed to be admitted to hospital for observation treatment,andwemayneedtodomoretestsbeforewehaveacorrectdiagnosis.;do I really d to e d o , nt anythingucangivemeforthepainandtohelptheproblem?D;sorry,no,itisbestthatuareadmittedforfurthertest,wecancheckthatun ttsrsomethingseriouslywithurliver.P;allright,PPTofAbdomialPainAlloedmuchefthepfcasesknowngenerallyastheacuteabdomenwillprobablyagreethatinthatconditionearlydiagnosisisexceptional Typesofabdominalpain? Colicky （絞痛 0pain-causedbydistention （膨脹）ofahollowviscus （空臟器） ,suchasbowel.? Somatic （軀干身體） pain-causedbyinflammation （炎癥）oftheparietalperitoneum （層腹膜）;? Visceral（）paincausedbyinflammationofthevisceralperitoneumandcapsuleofsolidorgans.Quadrant （象限） ViewoftheAbdomenRightUpperCholecystitis （膽囊炎）? Inflammationofthegallbladder 膽囊,causedbyobstruction （管道堵塞）withagallstone.? Painisusuallysteadyforanhourormoreafteronsetandmadeworsebyeating.? Ifthereissignificantinflammationassociatedwiththecholecystitis,theremaybelocalperitonealpain(somaticpain)腹膜性疼痛.? Painmaybereferredtothescapular( 肩胛的)areaaccompaniesnausea 惡心,vomiting,andfeverwithoutjaundice 黃疸.? Diagnosedwithultrasound( ).Cholangitis 膽管炎? Causedbyobstructionofthebiliarytract( 膽道)leadingbacterialovergrowthinthegallbladder.? Markedy t sTriad（查科三聯(lián)征）–RUQ(右上腹)pain,jaundiceandfever.? Diagnosedbyultrasound.? IsanemergencyandmustbetreatedwithIVantibiotics( 靜脈抗生素).? Mayrequiredecompression( 解壓憑借窺鏡的)orsurgicalmeans.Hepatitis （肝炎）? Causedbyinflammation （感染） oftheliverbyviruses （毒）,alcoholorcertaindrugs.? Markedbytender,enlargedliverwithmalaise （不舒服）,feverandjaundice.? Diagnosedbyhistoryandlaboratoryevaluation-liverfunctiontestsandviralserologies. （病毒血清學(xué)的檢查）? Treatmentdependsonetiology （病因，病原）ofdisease.Pancreatitis （胰腺炎）? Most commonly caused by alcoholism (50%) and gallstones(30%)obstructingthecommonbile （膽汁）duct（管道）.? Constantmid-epigastric （上腹部的） visceral（內(nèi)臟的）painusuallyoccurringafteraheavymealoralcoholicbinge.? Painmayradiatetotheback(50%)andisaccompaniedbynausea,vomitingandanorexia （厭食癥）.? Diagnosedbyamylase （淀粉酶）andlipase 脂肪酶.ImagingbyCTscanmaybedesirableinsomecases.LeftUpperPepticUlcer （胃潰瘍）? Causedbyincreasedgastricacidproduction （胃酸容物）ordecreasedmucosal （粘膜的）protection.? Increasedgastricacidproductionmaybecausedbyalcoholism （酒精中毒）orgastrinproducingtumor(Zoll