賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句

每日一句：

Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

事實(shí)勝于雄辯。賓語(yǔ)從句注意！賓語(yǔ)從句小口訣：賓語(yǔ)從句三注意，時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)序引導(dǎo)詞；主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句不需受限制；主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句須用相應(yīng)時(shí)；陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化that引，一般疑問(wèn)句用if/whether,特殊問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)詞，引導(dǎo)詞后陳述式。（一） 賓語(yǔ)從句的種類

賓語(yǔ)從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，或形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的不同連詞，賓語(yǔ)從句可分為三類。1.由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。that只有語(yǔ)法作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)在的意義，在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2.由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.3.由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.（二）賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為陳述句的語(yǔ)序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.（三）賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)1.如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句該用什麼時(shí)態(tài)就用什麼時(shí)態(tài)。如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?2.如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句只能用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)）。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeeting.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.3.如果賓語(yǔ)從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.1.—Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_____IcangettotheSpaceMuseum?--Ofcourse.YoucantakebusNo.1.A.where

B.how

C.if

D.why答案：B2.YourT-shirtissocool.Couldyoutellme________?

A.whereyoubuyit B.wheredoyoubuyit

C.whereyouboughtit

D.wheredidyoubuyit答案：C3.-Tommy,doyouknowifFrank___tothezoothisSundayifit____?-Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.willgo;isfineB.goes;isfineC.willgo;isgoingtobefineD.goes;willbefine【解析】選A。題意“湯姆，如果天氣好的話，你知道弗蘭克這個(gè)星期六將去動(dòng)物園嗎？”可知第一個(gè)空是賓語(yǔ)從句，用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，第二個(gè)空是條件狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故排除B、C、D選A。4.Noonecanbesure_________inamillionyears.

A.whatmanlookslikeB.whatwillmanlooklike

C.whatmanlookedlikeD.whatmanwilllooklike【解析】選D。從語(yǔ)序方面先排除B，另結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)inamillionyears可知要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，5.Suetoldmethatshe_________shoppingwithhersisterthenextday.A.willgo B.wouldgo C.goes D.hasgone

【解析】選B。結(jié)合主句中的told和從句中的thenextday可知要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，故排除A、C、D三項(xiàng)6.---Couldyoutellme_________lastnight?---Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.

A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoing

C.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoing

【解析】選A。從句應(yīng)該用陳述語(yǔ)序，故排除B、D，再由lastnight可推出正確答案為A.1.李明說(shuō)他對(duì)玩電腦游戲感興趣。LiMingsays__________interestedinplayingcomputergames.答案：heis2.我認(rèn)為瑪麗不回來(lái)了。Idon’tthinkMary____________.答案：willcome3.山姆給我說(shuō)他準(zhǔn)備去上海。Samtoldmethathe______________forShanghai.答案：wasleaving5.父親說(shuō)他買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)新電腦。Fathersaidthathe________________anewcomputer.答案：hadbought6.我想知道今天晚上還有沒(méi)有去北京的火車(chē)。Iwanttoknow_________thereisatraintoBeijing.答案：if(whether)狀語(yǔ)從句

狀語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞，副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)其含義狀語(yǔ)從句可分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，條件狀語(yǔ)從句，原因狀語(yǔ)從句，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，比較狀語(yǔ)從句，目的狀語(yǔ)從句，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。例如：Itwasraininghard（rainhard下大雨）whengottoschoolyesterday.(2)在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句里，通常不用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.2.條件狀語(yǔ)從句(1)條件狀語(yǔ)從句通常由if,unless引導(dǎo)。例如：Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?(2)在條件狀語(yǔ)從句里，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：I’llhelpyouwithyourEnglishifIamfreetomorrow.(3)“祈使句+and(or)+陳述句”在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。例如：Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句(1)原因狀語(yǔ)從句通常由because,since,as引導(dǎo)。例如：Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(2)because表示直接原因，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。As和since語(yǔ)氣較弱，一般用來(lái)表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從居多放在句首。例如：------Whyaren’tgoingthere?------BecauseIdon’twantto.Ashehasnocar,hecan’tgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit.(3)because和so不能同用在一個(gè)句子里。4.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句(1)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由so…that,such…that,sothat引導(dǎo)。例如：Heissopoorthathecan’tbuyabikeforhisson.(2)so…that語(yǔ)such...that有時(shí)上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。例如：Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.（3）如果名詞前由many,much,little,few等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用so,不用such。例如：Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.5.比較狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句通常由as…as,比較級(jí)+than…等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如：TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.6.目的狀語(yǔ)從句(1)目的狀語(yǔ)從句通常由sothat,inorderthat（為了，以便）引導(dǎo)。例如：Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.(2)sothat既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個(gè)：1)目的狀語(yǔ)從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,could,may,might等。2)從意思上看，目的狀語(yǔ)從句往往表示的目的很明確。例如：Speakclearlysothat（以便）theymayunderstandyou.(目的狀語(yǔ)從句)Jackisbadlyillsothat（所以）hehastorest.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)7.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句(1)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句通常由although,though等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如：Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.8.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句常常由where來(lái)引導(dǎo)。例如：Gowhereyoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.（有志者，事竟成）總結(jié)：狀語(yǔ)從句分類及常用連詞：類別連詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when,whenever,while,as,before,after,since,till,once（一旦）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句where,wherever原因狀語(yǔ)從句because,since,as,for,nowthat（既然，由于）etc.（etc，等于andsoon）目的狀語(yǔ)從句inorderthat(為了，以便),sothat,that,etc.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so…that,sothat,such…that,that,etc.條件狀語(yǔ)從句if,unless,as(so)longas,etc.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句though,although,evenif,eventhough,however,whatever,as,etc.比較狀語(yǔ)從句as…as,so…as,than,etc.方式狀語(yǔ)從句as,asif,asthough,etc.1._______he’sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So答案：A2.---Doyouknowifhe_______toplaybasketballwithus?---Ithinkhewillcomeifhe______freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe答案：C3.Hetookoffhiscoat_______hefelthot.A.becauseB.asC.ifD.since答案：A4.Itis______thatwe’dliketogooutforawalk.A.alovelydayB.toolovelyadayC.solovelyadayD.suchlovelyaday答案：C5.Maryhad______muchworktodothatshestayedatherofficeallday.A.suchB.soC.tooD.very答案：B6._______Ifeltverytired,Itriedtofinishthework.A.Although

B.Because

C.As

D.Asif答案：A二.根據(jù)中文意思完成下列英語(yǔ)句子1.不管他跟我開(kāi)什么玩笑，我都不生氣。Iamnotangrywithhim,________________jokeshe______onme.

答案：nomatterwhat;plays2.布魯斯太太對(duì)學(xué)生非常親切，以至于學(xué)生把她當(dāng)做母親。MrsBrucewas_______kindtoherstudents______they______her_____theirmother.答案：so;that;regarded;as3.只要我們竭盡全力，父母就會(huì)滿意我們的表現(xiàn)。Ourparentswillbepleasedwithourperformance________________wetryourbest.

答案：asl