中國國家圖書館分析

中國國家圖書館

數(shù)字資源建設與服務

DigitalResourceConstructionandServiceoftheNationalLibraryofChina

汪東波WangDongbo中國國家圖書館NationalLibraryofChina

CEALCCMForumonChinesee-Content2/5/20231中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務內容提要Content一、數(shù)字資源建設現(xiàn)狀Currentsituationsofdigitalresourceconstruction

二、服務方式ModesofService

三、版權問題Copyrightproblems

四、存檔問題Problemsinstorage

五、國際標準問題Internationalstandardproblems2/5/20232中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務一、數(shù)字資源建設現(xiàn)狀

Ⅰ.CurrentSituationsofDigitalResourceConstruction國家圖書館的電子資源建設始于20世紀80年代ElectricresourceconstructionoftheNationalLibrarystartedfromthe1980s.1987年開始中文書目數(shù)據(jù)庫的建設ConstructionofChinesebibliothecastartedin1987.1999年開始有計劃地進行數(shù)字資源庫建設Constructionoftheorderlydigitalresourcedatabasestartedin1999.

2/5/20233中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務一、數(shù)字資源建設現(xiàn)狀

Ⅰ.CurrentSituationsofDigitalResourceConstruction目的:弘揚民族文化，傳承文化遺產(chǎn)；服務國家立法與決策、國家重大項目與工程建設；滿足學術研究需要Purpose:

promotingnationalculture,inheritingculturalheritage,servingnationallegislationandpolicy,importantnationalprojects,projectconstructionandacademicstudy.

方針:中文為主，外文為輔;特色資源自建為主；通用性資源外購為主Policy:

Chineseworksasthemainresource,foreignbooksasthesubordinate,specialresourcestobeconstructed,generalresourcetobeoutsourced”

原則:統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃,公益為主,突出特色,遵循標準,自建購進并舉,尊重知識產(chǎn)權,邊建設邊服務Principle:generalplanningwithpublicinterestfocused,beingcharacterizedwhilekeepingstandardfollowed,bothindependentconstructionandoutsourcingemphasized,intellectualpropertyrightsrespected,constructionandservicedevelopedsimultaneously

目標:重點地采集、自建并長期保存中文數(shù)字資源，建成中文數(shù)字資源保障中心，成為中文數(shù)字資源查詢基地Objective:settingupaChinesedigitalresourcesindependentconstructionforlongtermstorage,aChinesedigitalresourceguaranteecenterandaconsultationbaseforChinesedigitalresourceswithcollectionasthekey,.

2/5/20234中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務一、數(shù)字資源建設現(xiàn)狀

Ⅰ.CurrentSituationsofDigitalResourceConstruction

數(shù)字資源建設的主要形式：MajorformsofdigitalresourceconstructionoftheNationalLibrary:繳送：隨書/刊附送的電子出版物；電子出版物、數(shù)據(jù)庫和音像制品handingover:acceptingelectronicpublicationssentalongwiththebooks/periodicals,aswellasthehandingoverofelectronicpublicationsandvideo-audioproducts;購買：音像制品和光盤及網(wǎng)絡數(shù)據(jù)庫purchase:Purchasingofaudio-videoproducts,disksandinternetdata;自建與轉換：自建中文書目、全文影像及多媒體資源庫；將音視頻產(chǎn)品進行數(shù)字化轉換與遷移independentconstructionandtransmission,suchasconstructingthedataofChinesebibliotheca,imageandmulti-mediadata,digitaltransformingofAVproducts;

網(wǎng)絡資源采集：分主題、有重點地采集政府網(wǎng)站、電子報刊collectionofnetresources:CollectingtheimportantGovernmentwebsitesandelectronicpressesbytopics2/5/20235中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務一、數(shù)字資源建設現(xiàn)狀

Ⅰ.CurrentSituationsofDigitalResourcesConstruction

自建數(shù)字資源總量120TB（至2005年底）The

totalcapacityofindependentconstructeddigitalresourceshasreached120TB(bytheendof2005)

館藏中文書目數(shù)據(jù)271萬條Therehavebeen2.71millionChinesebibliothecadata

全文影像數(shù)據(jù)1.03億頁103millionpagesimagedata音頻數(shù)字化轉換43.5多萬首（音樂和歌曲）Morethan435thousandmusicpiecesandsongsbyaudiodigitaltransformation視頻數(shù)字化轉換1.5萬部（經(jīng)典故事片及經(jīng)濟、科技等視頻資料）15thousandChineseandforeignclassicalmovies,economic,scientificandtechnologicalvideoresourcesbyvideodigitaltransformation各類講座近500場Almost500kindsoflectures

網(wǎng)絡資源采集7個專題，2萬多個政府網(wǎng)站7subjectsofnetresourcescollectedandover20thousandgovernmentalwebsites

2/5/20236中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務一、數(shù)字資源建設現(xiàn)狀

Ⅰ.CurrentSituationsofDigitalResourcesConstruction

主要數(shù)字資源加工與發(fā)布一覽DigitalResourceConstructionandDevelopmentStatusoftheNationalLibrary資源庫名稱Nameoftheresourcedata

建庫時間Time已建設數(shù)字資源Digitalresourcesconstructed

已發(fā)布數(shù)字資源Digitalresourcesissued

起Start

止End西夏文獻（全文影像）WesternXiaLiterature(image)

200220039,793頁(研究論文全文影)4,909頁(圖書全文影像)

9,793pages(imageofresearchpaper);4,909pages(image)

35冊圖書

1,411頁全文影像

35volumeswith1411pagesofimages

民國期刊（全文影像）PeriodicalsofRepublicofChina(image)

199920052,890種，80,535期

全文影像460萬拍

2890kinds,80,535periodicals,4,600,000image2,890種，80,535期

全文影像460萬拍2,890kinds，80,535periodicals,

4,600,000image博士論文（摘要文本與全文影像）Doctoraldissertations(summarytextsandimages)

200289,549種

11,291,060頁89,549kinds,11,291,060pages

58,930種

1,414,320頁58,930kinds,1,414,320pages

地方志（全文影像）Chorography(image)

200220032,864種

1,685,724拍2,8641kinds,1,685,724shots

2,864種

68,736頁

2,864kinds,68,736pages

地方志（全文文本）Chorography(textsofwholearticle)

20041,407種

90,6503頁1,407kinds

90,6503pages

石刻拓片Stoneinscriptionrubbings(image)（全文影像）200120,254種

24,231張20,254kinds

24,231sheets

16,852種

20,881張16,852kinds

20,881sheets

2/5/20237中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務一、數(shù)字資源建設現(xiàn)狀

Ⅰ.CurrentSituationsofDigitalResourceConstruction資源庫名稱Nameoftheresourcedata

建庫時間Time

已建設數(shù)字資源Digitalresourcesconstructed

已發(fā)布數(shù)字資源Digitalresourcesissued

起Start

止End

甲骨及其甲骨拓片(全文影像與文本）Oraclebonesandtherubbings(imagesandtexts)

2003甲骨影像6,010拍

Oraclebones6010shot

甲骨拓片影像31,263拍31,263shotoforaclebonerubbingimages

甲骨釋文5,986種5,986kindsoforacleboneexplanations

中文圖書(全文影像)Chinesebooks(images)

19992004238,732冊；84,216,486頁238,732volumes

84,216,486pages

館藏音頻資料Audiomaterialsinthelibrary

2000435,610首435,610pieces館藏視頻資料Videomaterialsinthelibrary

200015,650部15,650pieces網(wǎng)絡信息資源采集與保存Collectionandstorageofnetinformationandresources

2004報紙48種（PDF格式）政府網(wǎng)站20,595個專題采集7個；1195GB48（PDF）kindsofnewspaper,20,595governmentwebsitesand7subjectsnetresourcescollected

1195GB

報紙48種(PDF格式)政府網(wǎng)站20,595個專題7個；739GB48（PDF）kindsofnewspaper,20,595governmentwebsitesand7subjectsbeingcollected

739GB

老照片Oldpictures

20046294張照片影像

6294pictureimages

敦煌文獻(全文影像）DunhuangLiterature(images)

2001寫卷652卷;9,320拍652volumesinwritten；9,320shots

寫卷652卷;9,320拍

652volumesinwritten；9,320shots

年畫NewYearPictures

2005101種；149幅101kinds；149pictures

主要數(shù)字資源加工與發(fā)布一覽(續(xù)前)DigitalResourceConstructionandDevelopmentStatusoftheNationalLibrary(continue)2/5/20238中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務一、數(shù)字資源建設現(xiàn)狀

Ⅰ.CurrentSituationsofDigitalResourceConstruction主要數(shù)字資源加工與發(fā)布一覽(續(xù)前)DigitalResourceConstructionandDevelopmentStatusoftheNationalLibrary(continue)資源庫名稱Nameoftheresourcedata

建庫時間Time

已建設數(shù)字資源Digitalresourcesconstructed

已發(fā)布數(shù)字資源Digitalresourcesissued

起Start

止End

民國法律(全文文本)

LawsofRepublicofChina(text)

2005600萬字6millionwords

名家手稿(全文影像)

Manuscriptofthefamous(images)

20058,456拍8,456shots

朱希祖手稿

ManuscriptofZhuXizu

200523種；1042葉23kinds；1042pages

德格八幫寺大藏經(jīng)(全文影像)TripitakaofDegeBabangTemple(image)2005202函48,461拍202kinds48,461shots

民國圖書(全文影像)

PicturesofRepublicofChina(filminthewholebook)

2005

20萬頁200thousandpages

《大公報》(縮微膠片轉換影像)DaGongBao(micro-filmtransformedimage

200214萬拍140thousandshots中國古代典籍（全文文本）Chineseclassicworks(text)

200580部；8000萬字80books80millioncharacters

80部；8000萬字80books80millioncharacters

《中國典籍與文化》系列講座ChineseClassicWorksandCulturesseriallectures

155講錄音；149講錄像155lecturesofrecord149lecturesofvideo

發(fā)布100講100lecturesreleased

《文津講壇》系列講座WenjinPlatformseriallectures

2002297講錄音182講錄像297lecturesofrecord182lecturesofvideo

圖書館其他培訓和講座Othertrainingsandlecturesofthelibrary

23講23lectures

23講23lectures

2/5/20239中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務二、服務方式Ⅱ.ModesofService通過元數(shù)據(jù)揭示實體的圖書、期刊、報紙、音頻、視頻等在館資源，提高館藏文獻的利用率Promotetheutilizationrateofdocumentsinthelibrarybyexposingactualbooks,periodicals,newspapers,audioandvideoresourcesthroughmetadata

通過全文數(shù)字資源的網(wǎng)上發(fā)布，提高數(shù)字資源的可獲取性improvetheavailabilityofdigitalresourcesbywayofreleaseontheinternet

與其他行業(yè)數(shù)字圖書館和資源供應商的鏈接服務，實現(xiàn)資源共享

Intensifythelinkswithdigitallibrariesinothertradesandresourcesupplierssoastorealizethemutualconstructionandsharingoftheresources

2/5/202310中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務二、服務方式Ⅱ.ModesofService

1、建立電子資源閱覽室Establishtheelectronicresourcereadingrooms

總館設有三個專門閱覽室，配置116臺計算機；分館設有一個專門閱覽室配置25臺計算機，提供數(shù)據(jù)庫檢索、上網(wǎng)瀏覽與閱讀以及相應的視聽服務Thegenerallibraryhasthreespecialreadingroomsequippedwith116computers.Thesub-libraryhasaspecialreadingroomequippedwith25computersprovidingdatabasesearch,webbrowsing,readingandrelevantaudioandvideoservices.2/5/202311中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務二、服務方式Ⅱ.ModesofService

2、數(shù)字資源整合服務Digitalresourcesintegrationservice

建成國家圖書館數(shù)字資源門戶，對購買的電子數(shù)字資源及自建數(shù)數(shù)字資源進行整合，實現(xiàn)資源之間的無縫互聯(lián)與整合服務DigitalresourceportaloftheNationalLibrarywasformedtointegratethepurchasedelectronicdigitalresourcesandindependentconstructeddigitalresources,torealizetheseamlesslinksamongtheresources.

2/5/202312中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務二、服務方Ⅱ.ModesofService

3、自建中文特色資源庫，通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)向公眾提供檢索與瀏覽服務IndependentconstructionofChinesedatabaseprovidesfreesearchandviewingservicetothepublic.數(shù)字方志資源庫：提供2,864種地方志的前24頁影像的瀏覽與閱讀Resourcedatabasefordigitallocalchroniclesprovidesviewingandreadingofthefirst24pageimagesof2864localchronicles.國際敦煌項目：發(fā)布了敦煌寫卷600多卷，影像1萬多幅INTERNATIOANALDUNHUANGPROJECT(IDP)

websitehaspublishedover600volumesofDunhuangworksandover10thousandimages.

館藏西夏影像資源庫：提供西夏古籍原件影像WesternXiaImageDatabasestoredinthelibraryprovidestheoriginalimagesofWesternXiaancientbooks.

2/5/202313中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務二、服務方Ⅱ.ModesofService

館藏石刻拓片資源庫：提供已完成掃描的拓片2萬余種，提供網(wǎng)上利用StoneInscribedRubbingDatabase

storedinthelibraryprovidesover20thousandkindsscannedrubbingsandconvenienceforonlinedemands.

館藏博士論文資源庫：提供6萬種博士論文的前24頁的閱覽Doctoraldissertationdatastoredinthelibraryprovidesviewofthefirst24pagesof60thousanddoctoralpapers.館藏民國期刊資源庫：提供2800余種,8萬多期,460萬頁的全文影像PeriodicalDatabaseofRepublicofChinastoredinthelibraryprovidescompleteimagesofover2800kinds,over80thousandperiodicalsand4.6millionpages.館藏年畫資源庫：提供首批完成的年畫的檢索與瀏覽服務NewYearPictureDatabasestoredinthelibraryprovidessearchandviewserviceoffirstbatchNewYearpicturesfinished.

2/5/202314中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務三、版權問題Ⅲ.Copyright1、版權問題解決辦法與思路Methodsandideasonsolvingcopyrightproblems

與國家財政管理部門溝通，爭取國家數(shù)字圖書館工程數(shù)字資源建設所需的版權使用費CommunicateactivelywiththeFinancialDepartmentandgetfinancialsupportfromthestateforpayingthecopyrightfeesinconstructionofdigitalresourceintheNationalDigitalLibraryProject.利用現(xiàn)行著作權法關于“合理使用”的規(guī)定，先行進行館藏作品的數(shù)字化工作，優(yōu)先數(shù)字化沒有版權問題的文獻；同時向社會征集作者授權Takeafulladvantageregulationsof“rationaluse”inthecurrentCopyrightLaw,digitalizeworksstoredinthelibraryfirstandgiveprioritytodocumentswithoutcopyrightwhileaskingforauthenticationfromtheauthors.

2/5/202315中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務三、版權問題Ⅲ.Copyrightproblems1、版權問題解決辦法與思路(續(xù))Methodsandideasonsolvingcopyrightproblems

(tobecontinued)積極參與國家版權局《信息網(wǎng)絡傳播權保護條例》（草案）的起草工作，爭取公益圖書館通過網(wǎng)絡利用數(shù)字資源的侵權豁免ParticipateactivelythedraftingofProtectiveStatuteforInformationOnlinePromulgationRightbytheNationalcopyrightadministrationofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,andtrytomakepubliclibraryimmunefromcopyrightinvasionbyusingdigitalresourcesoninternet.

與中國音樂著作權協(xié)會、中國文字作品著作權協(xié)會（籌）等各類協(xié)會、學會等行業(yè)團體合作，由其出面代理有關著作權的事宜CooperatewithassociatesandsocietiesindifferenttradessuchasChinaMusicCopyrightAssociation(inpreparation)andChinaLiteralWorksCopyrightAssociation,andaskthemtobetheagentsforcopyright

2/5/202316中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務三、版權問題Ⅲ.Copyrightproblems1、版權問題解決辦法與思路(續(xù))Methodsandideasonsolvingcopyrightproblems

(tobecontinued)

與國家有關立法決策部門溝通，爭取在《著作權法》再次修訂時，把圖書館的合理使用條款擴展到網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境；爭取全國人大常委會出臺立法解釋，對現(xiàn)行著作權法中關于圖書館合理使用的相關條款進行有利于圖書館資源建設與服務的界定Communicateactivelywithlegislationanddecisivedepartmentsofthestatesoastomaketherationaluseoflibrariesalsobeavailableoninternetintheamendmentofcopyright;AdvisetheStandingCommitteeofNationalPeople’sCongresstomakelegalexplanation,andmakedefinitionontermsofrationaluseofcopyrightsfavorableforlibraryresourceconstructionandserviceinpublicwebsitesofthegovernment.

2/5/202317中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務三、版權問題Ⅲ.Copyrightproblems

1、版權問題解決辦法與思路(續(xù))Methodsandideasonsolvingcopyrightproblems

(tobecontinued)

繼續(xù)參加重新啟動的《中華人民共和國圖書館法》的立法工作，爭取在該法中解決或部分解決國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設的版權問題Continuetoattendthere-startedlegislativeworkofLibraryLawofPeople’sRepublicofChina,tryingtosolveallorpartofthecopyrightproblemsindigitalresourceconstructionoftheNationalLibrary.

2/5/202318中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務三、版權問題Ⅲ.Copyright2、版權問題解決的實踐探索Multiplemeasureshavebeentakentosolvethecopyrightproblems自建已進入公有領域的特色文獻數(shù)據(jù)庫Independentconstructionofthecharacteristicliteraldatabaseinthepublicfields

購買已經(jīng)解決了版權的數(shù)字資源的使用權與網(wǎng)絡傳播權Purchaseofapplicationandinternettransmissionrightofdigitalresourceswithoutcopyrightproblems

向著作人和出版社直接征集長期保存權和使用權（文津圖書獎版權解決模式）Requestsofobtainingthelong-termstoragerightsandapplicationrightsfromtheauthorsandthepressthroughvariousactivities(thecopyrightresolvingmodeofWenjinBookAward);

發(fā)布網(wǎng)站版權聲明與具體欄目的免責聲明Releaseofwebcopyrightstatementanddisclaimeronspecificcolumns

2/5/202319中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務四、存檔問題IV.Problemsinstorage

1、保存現(xiàn)狀

Currentsituations

.地方志、博士論文等數(shù)字資源主要存儲光盤、磁帶中，計有34,778張光盤，227盒磁帶Chorographyanddoctoraldissertationsaremainlystoredincompactdisksandmagnetictapes,withtotalamountof34,778disksand227tapesrespectively

網(wǎng)絡資源和多媒體庫存儲在硬盤中Webresourcesandmulti-mediarepositoryarestoredinharddrives.

音樂和歌曲4.5萬首等音頻資料轉換的數(shù)字資源，存儲在3千多張光盤中Digitalresourcestransformedfromaudiofilesof45thousandmusicpiecesandsongsarestoredinover3thousandcompactdisks.

故事片及經(jīng)濟、科技等視頻資料1.5萬部中外經(jīng)典轉換的數(shù)字資源存儲在2萬多張光盤中Digitalresourcestransformedfromvideofilesof15thousandChineseclassicalstoryfilms,economicandtechnologicalvideosarestoredinover20thousandcompactdisks

2/5/202320中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務四、存檔問題IV.Problemsinstorage

2、主要思路Mainideas

發(fā)布與服務用數(shù)字資源存儲在磁盤上，備份在磁帶上；永久保存用數(shù)字資源存儲在磁帶和光盤上Issuanceandservicedigitalresourcesarestoredinmagneticdisksandbackupinmagnetictapes.Permanentstoreddigitalresourcesarestoredinmagnetictapesandcompactdisks

目前正在研究，建立基于OAIS標準的開放檔案信息系統(tǒng)，對數(shù)字資源進行存儲與管理WearecarryingouttheresearchbasedontheresourcesofNationalLibrarytobuildanopenfilesinformationsystembasedonOAISstandardfordigitalresourcesstorageandmanagement.

2/5/202321中國國家圖書館數(shù)字資源建設與服務四、存檔問題IV.Problemsinstorage3.遷移與轉換Moveandtransition

對于音像文獻進行了比較成功的遷移和轉換Wehavemadesuccessfulmoveandtransitiontoaudioandvideodocuments;

逐步將購買數(shù)字文獻中低容量介質的光盤向高容量介質轉移Weshallgraduallychangethepurchaseddigitaldocumentswithlowcapacitymediumdisctothosewithhighcapacitymedium.

逐步將大量縮微文獻轉變成電子數(shù)字文獻，以方便使用Weshallgraduallychangemicro-documentstothosewithelectronicdigitalformsfortheconvenientuse.

對保存條件比較差文獻進行搶救性的縮微和數(shù)字化Weshallrescuethedocumentsstoredinpoorconditionbycompressanddigitalization.

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