初中閱讀理解之詞義猜測題

godie去死初中閱讀理解猜測詞義題解題技巧授課老師：黃文婷定義分類解題技巧習題操練猜測詞義題考查指定的詞、短語或句子在特定語境中表達的具體含義什么是猜測詞義題？設問方式：1.Theword“…”means___inChinese.2.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningto"..."?3.Theword“…”couldbestbereplaced(替換)by______.4.InParagraph2,theunderlined(劃線的)word/sentence“…”means/refersto_____.“雙引號”TomcallsZip"thekeepdog"because______.1.Theunderlinedexpression"givingahandto"(Paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto"____".2.Theunderlinedexpression"gohimonebetter"inparagraph4means____.3.Theunderlinedword"them"inparagraph1refersto____.4.Theunderlinedword"This"(Paragraph4)refersto____.5."DolphinIntellegence"isprobablyastoryaboutdolphins'____.......猜測詞義題分類？非指代型：根據(jù)語境推斷某個詞的意思指代型：it,they,them,this,that等指代的對象進行判斷20112012201320142015推測詞義題113222011-2015年廣州中考卷解題技巧一、語境法二、構詞法瞻前顧后，聯(lián)系上下文詞形變化現(xiàn)象和規(guī)則解題技巧一——語境法瞻前顧后對比轉折因果關系同義關系定義解釋舉例子指示關系Idolreferstoapersonthatislovedandadmired(贊賞)verymuch.語境法——定義解釋a.以be(是),mean(意指),referto(指的是)為線索猜測詞義b.

以becalledas(被稱作),beconsideredas(被認為)，bedefinedas（被定義為）為線索猜測詞義Motionmaybedefinedasacontinuous(連續(xù)不斷的)changeofposition.Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertained(使有興趣)thechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowing(吞)fire,andothersimilartricks(把戲).語境法——定義解釋c.定語從句為線索來推測詞義d.以標點符號（括號，破折號）Tornadoes(violentanddestructivewhirlwind)normallyoccuronhot,humid(alittlewet)day,butnotnecessarilyinthesummer.Whatdoestheword“shoplifter”mean?AthiefB.AguideinashopC.theownerofashopD.AporterYet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem.…語境法——舉例子以列舉的句子為線索猜測詞義。特征詞：suchas,like,forexample,forinstance,include,consistof,...Definedmostbroadly,folkloreincludesallthecustoms,beliefandtraditionthatpeoplehavehandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.

MynameisTom．Iwanttojoinaclubinmyschool．I'mnotfamous（著名的）now，butmaybeIcanbefamoussomeday．Ican'tsingordanceoract，butIcandomanyotherthings．Icanplaythreekindsofinstruments：theguitar，theviolinandthedrums．IthinkIcanbeinthemusicclub．MaybeIcanbeafamousmusician．IliketoreadstorybooksandIcanwritestories．MaybeIcanbeafamouswriter．Ilikesportstoo，butIamnotgoodatsports.CanIjoinyou?What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“instruments”inChinese?A.樂譜B.樂器C.樂章D.琴Theunderlinedword“royal”mightmean“

”inChinese.A.皇室的B.富裕的C.中產(chǎn)的D.平民的

WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade．Andtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse:itbecameasymbolofhonorandauthority．IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybyroyaltyorbythoseinhighofficesorbyroyalpeoplesuchasthekingsorqueens．Havingaplanandknowinghowtoprioritizeisonething.Thenextissue(問題）isknowinghowtomanageinterruptions.Theremaybephonecalls,informationrequestsandeventsthatoccurunexpectedly.However,youneedtodowhateveryoucantoconcentrateonthemaintasks.Theword“interruption”(inParagraph4)issimilarinmeaningto______.A.processB.disadvantageC.disturbanceD.emergency語境法——對比轉折表轉折關系的詞：but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,otherwise,though,unless,notas...as,...以反義詞和對比關系為線索猜測詞義。Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.Whatdoestheunderlineword“homely”mean?A.beautifulB.uglyC.lovelyD.notlookbeautifulHeissohomely，notatallashandsomeashisbrother.Theword"awful"inthepassagemeans____.A.美味的B.極好的C.糟糕的D.很快的

LastsummerJennyandherfriendshadabustriptoNewYork.Shefeltveryrelaxedontheway.Theyvisitedamuseum.Butitwasreallycrowdedthereandthedisplay(展覽)wasnotinterestingatall.Theywenttodifferentrestaurantstohavedinner.Somefoodwasquitedelicious,butJennythoughtthefastfoodwasawful.Whentheweatherwasfine,theywenttothebeachtoswim.Theseawasbeautiful,andtheyhadagoodtime.TheunderlinedwordsstraightA’sinParagraph2mean

inChinese.A.全優(yōu)B.及格C.中等D.不及格

Inmyearliestmemoriesmyfatherwasatall,handsomeandsuccessfulman.Helovedhisworkandfamily,butwasuncomfortablewithhischildren.AsachildIlovedhim;asaschoolgirlandyoungadultIwasafraidofhim.HeseemedunhappywithmeunlessIgotstraightA'sinmystudyandunhappywithmyboyfriendsiftheirfatherswerenotas“successful”ashewas.WheneverIwentoutwithhimonweekends,Iusedtotryhardtothinkupthingstosaytoprotectmyself.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“l(fā)ifeforms”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Messages.B.Tools.C.Intelligentbeings.

D.Radiosignals.

HavebeingsfromspacealreadyvisitedEarth?“Probablynot,”saysShostak.“It’salongwayaway.However,intelligentbeingsmaycontactusinotherway,suchasradiosignals(信號).Infact,theymaybetryingtocommunicatewithusnow,butwedon’thavetherighttoolstoreceivetheirmessages.However,thisischanging.By2025,wecouldmakecontactwithotherlifeformsinouruniverseandwemighthelpeachother.”Whatdoestheunderlinedword"ascend"(inParagraph3)mean?A.sink.B.move.C.rise.D.float.

Thepilotcancontroltheup-and-downmovementsofthehotairballoonbyregulatingtheheatintheenvelope.Toascend,thepilotheatstheairintheenvelopebutwhenthepilotisreadytoland,theairintheballoonisallowedtocoolandtheballoonbecomesheavierthanair.Thismakestheballoongodown.Theunderlinedexpression“gohimonebetter”inparagraph4means·A．dosomethingevenworseB.improvethesituationC．pointouthismistakeD.helphimout

PaulandJasonwerebrotherswholivedandworkedonneighbouringfarms．For35yearstheyfarmedsidebyside，sharingmachineryandgoodsasneeded，withoutasingleproblem．However，oneautumn，thingschanged．Itbeganwithatinydisagreementaboutahorse，whichgrewintoamajordifference．Thedifferenceledtoangrywords，followedbyweeksofsilencebetweenthetwobrothers．OnemorningtherewasaknockonPaul’sdoor．Heopeneditandsawabuilderholdinghistoolbox．“I’mlookingforafewdays’work，”thebuildersaid．“ArethereanyjobshereIcouldhelpwith?”“Yes，”answeredPaul，extremelypleasedtoseethebuilder．“Idohaveajobforyou．Lookatthatfarmacrossthecreek(小溪)．That’smybrother’sfarm.Thatcreekusedtobeagrassfield，butlastweekmybrotherdugapathfromtheriverandmadethecreek．ButI’llgohimonebetter．SeethatpileofwoodIwantyoutobuildmeafence，twometerstall，soIwon’tneedtoseehimanymore．”...語境法——因果關系表示因果關系的特征詞：since,as,because,for,so,thus,therefore,dueto,resultfrom,asaresult,forthisreason,sothat,so...that,such...that,...SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exhausted”inParagraph4mean?A.TiredB.AngryC.FrightenedD.Regretful

Nowitwastheswan’sturn.Heflewup,andbeganflyingoverthesea.Thecrowflewafterhim,makingallkindsofcomments(評價)abouthisflying.Theyflewonandontilltheycouldn’tseethelandandtherewasnothingbutwateronallsides.Thecrowwasmakingfewerandfewercomments.Hewassoexhaustedthathefoundithardtostayintheair,andhadtostruggletokeephimselffromfallingintothewater.Theboldword“volume”inParagraphTwoprobablymeans“

”.A.thetypeofmusicB.theamountofasoundC.thelengthofasongD.thecolourofanMP3player

KeepItDown!Youhavetonoticethevolumeofyourmusic.Youshouldnotplayyourmusicsoloudthateveryonearoundyoucanhearit.Somepeoplemightevengetangry.Usually,whenyouplaythemusicloudonanMP3player,otherpeoplecan’thearthewordsofthesong.Theyjusthearaloudsound.Notonewantstolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears,soevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoourMP3player,youshouldn’thaveitturneduptoohigh.Whatdoes“makeup”meaninthispassage?A.看笑話B.彌補C.哭泣D.詢問ThefamousfatandlazycatGarfieldiscomingtoChina.Inthe“GarfieldTheMovie”,Garfieldactswithrealactors.Hewillmakeyoulaughwithcleverandfunnywords.Sometimeshe’snotfriendlytohisowerJohnArbuckle.Oneday,JohnbringsOdie,adog,intohishome.Odieiscute.HegetsallJohn’slove.ThisturnsGarfield’sworldupsidedown.Garfieldwantsthedogoutofthehouseandhislife.Onenight,hekicksOdieoutofthehouse.ButlaterGarfieldfindsaTVstarcaughtOdie!Themanwantstousethedoginhisshows.GarfieldfeelssorryforOdie.Hethinkshe’swrong.Hewantstomakeupforit.SoGarfieldgetsoffhisfavoritechairtotrytosavehisfriend.語境法——同義關系以同義詞、近義詞為線索猜測詞義并列的詞或短語（and,or,as...as,like...）Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.WhenhadlessonsathomewiththeirgovernessMarionCrawford.Margaretwasoftennaughty.Theword"governess"means________.A.服務員B.家庭女教師C.牧師D.管家Whatdoestheunderlinedword"launched"meaninthesecondparagraph?A.取消.B.改善.C.創(chuàng)辦.D.改變.TwoyearsagotheUnitedStatesNationalAcademyofSciencelaunchedthe"SafeDrinkingWaterIsEssential"site.Itwassetuptoprovidehigh-qualityscientificinformationaboutimprovingthesafetyofdrinkingwatersupplies.Theword"extra"inParagraph3means

.A.正常的B.額外的C.有用的D.少量的

Whydopeopleworksomanyhours?Somepeopleworkextrahoursbecausetheywanttomakemoremoney.However,manycompaniesdon'tpayovertime.Theirworkersdon'tgetmorepayformorework.Somepeoplethinkit'stheirdutytoworkmorehours.Someareafraidoflosingtheirjobsiftheydon'tworkmorehours.Theunderlinedexpression"givingahandto(Paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto"_______".A.questioningB.helpingC.hurtingD.calling

Onedayamansawanoldladystandingbyherexpensivecar,clearlyinneedofhelp.Sohestoppedhisoldtruckandgotout.Althoughhewassmiling,theoldladywasworried.Washegongtohurther?Hedidn'tlooksafe.Themancouldseethatshewasfrightened,soinhisfriendliestvoicehesaid,"I'mheretohelpyou,madam.Whydon'tyouwaitinthecarwhereit'swarm?Bytheway,mynameisBryanAnderson."Bryanquicklyfixedthecarandtheladythankedhim.Thensheaskedhowmuchsheshouldpayhim.ButBryanwantednomoney.Hewasjustgivingahandtosomeoneintrouble.Thiswasnormalforhim.Hesaid,"Ifyoureallywanttorepayme,nexttimeyouseesomeoneinneed,helpthemandthinkofme."Whatdotheunderlinedwords“UVrays”mean?A.沙塵B.閃電C.紫外線D.超聲波

Thereareseveralcausesleadingtopooreyesightlikenotenoughfood,genes（基因）andaging(老化).Televisions,computersandreadingarealsothecausesofhavingpooreyesight.Ifyouhappentoworkinfrontofthecomputer,itisbesttotakeabreakeveryonceinawhile.Somethingdirtycancauserednessandtheywillmakeyoufeeluncomfortable.Itisbadforyoureyes,too.Ifthishappens,thebestwayistocleanyoureyesbyusingcoldwater.Youmustalsotryyourbesttoprotectyoureyesfromharmfulthings.Forexample,sunglassesarenotjustforfashionbuttheycanalsoserveasagreatwaytoprotectyoureyesightfromUVrays.語境法——指代關系代詞it,that,he,him或them可以指上文提到的人事物Theunderlinedword“them”inparagraph1refersto______.A．phoneusersB．mobilephonesC．DriversD．ears

LastyearintheUKatleast45peoplediedand900morewereinjuredincaraccidentswheredriverswereusingtheirmobilephones．Yetmanypeoplecontinuetousethemwhiledrivingeventhoughitisdangerous．Thephrase“rushhour”inthispassagemeans

inChinese.A.比賽中的沖刺時刻B.一小時內(nèi)所跑的路程C.(上下班)交通高峰時刻D.匆匆忙忙的一小時

Youcanalsotravelaroundthecitybytaxi.Thisisthemostexpensiveway,butthetaxiwilltakeyoutotheveryplaceyouwishtogoto.Iftrafficisheavy,thetaxiwillbeslow.Duringthemorningsandafternoons,thisisthe“rushhour”.Thisisthetimewhenthetrafficisveryheavywithpeoplegoingtoandfromwork.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sweat”probablymean?A.觸摸B.鼓掌C.出汗 D.指點Itwasagreatwaytogethismindoffwhathehadtodolater.Astheygotclosetotheschool,hecouldfeelhisheartbeating.Hishandswerestartingtosweat.Hehatedthis!Whatdoestheword“snap”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymean?A.breakB.changeC.winD.Complain

WhenIthinkaboutthebambootree’sabilitytobendandmoveback,theword“resilience”comestomymind.Whenitisusedforaperson,thiswordmeanstheabilitytoreadilyrecover(恢復)fromshock,sadnessoranyothersuffering.Haveyoueverfeltlikeyouweregoingtosnap?Haveyoueverfeltlikeyouwereatyourbreakingpoint?Thankfully,youhavesurvivedtotalkaboutit."It"inParagraph1means_______.A.InformationB.Brain

C.Attention

D.QualityInformationisreceivedintoourbrainbyattention,anditsqualitydetermines(決定)howwellitwillbeprocessed,savedandusedafterwards.FirstIhadtogetthekidstosleep.Thatwasnevereasyatanytimeandtonightitwasevenmoredifficult.Theeldestonewantedtoknowwhyweleftthepartyearly.Itoldhim10:30pmwasnotearly.Asusual,Ireadthemabedtimestory,butIhadtostopmyselfreadingtooquicklyortheywouldlearnmysecret.Theunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3refersto____.A.thievesB.parentsC.childrenD.neighboursTheundedinedword"motivation"inParagraph2means

inChinese.A.動力B.機會C.試驗D.條件

AtEastChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology,studentswillgetacoupon(優(yōu)惠券)iftheyeatuptheirfood.Studentscancollectcouponsandexchangethemforsmallgifts,suchasbooks,magazines,mobilephonecoversandhandwarmers."It'sbeensuchasurprise,"saidLiangZhaoyun,19,astudentattheuniversityinShanghai."Ithasgivenusonemoremotivationtofinishourfood."Themeasureispartofanational"eat-up"campaign(行動)whichisorganizedbystudentstodealwithfoodwasteoncampuses(校園).解題技巧一——語境法語境法對比轉折因果關系同義關系定義解釋舉例子指示關系解題技巧二——構詞法派生法合成法構詞法構詞法——派生法一個單詞(詞根)加上前綴或后綴，構成一個新單詞。unbelievablebelieve否定前綴有：un-，dis-，im-，in-，mis-...（改變詞義）形容詞后綴有:-ful,-ing,-ed,-y,-able,-ible,-ical,-al...

（改變詞性和詞義）Onedayaveryrichfamilywentonatriptothecountryside.Thefatherwantedtoshowhissonhowpoorpeoplelived,sotheyspentadayandanightonthefarmofaverypoorfamily.Whentheygotbackfromtheirtrip,thefatheraskedhisson,"Mydearson,howwasthetrip?""Verygood,dad!""Didyouseehowpoorpeoplelived?"thefatherasked."Yeah!""Andwhatdidyoulearn?"Thesonanswered,"Wehaveadogathome,andtheyhavefour.Wehaveapoolthatisinthemiddleofthegardenandtheyhaveariverthathasnoend.Wehaveveryexpensivelampsinthegardenandtheyhavethestars."Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwasspeechless.Theword"speechless"means_______.A.毫無興趣的B.寡言少語的C.胸無點墨的D.無話可說的**speech+less**后綴Theunderlinedword"quartered"means_________.A.榨汁B.切成四份C.洗凈D.炸碎**quarter+ed**后綴Fishandapplesoup?Yes,andyouwon'tbelievehowdeliciousitis.ThisfirstcameoutofarestaurantinSingapore,butitisnowverypopularasthesoupdujourinChineserestaurants.Ingredients(serves4):1.Wholefish2.apples,quartered,4-6gingerslices(姜片)1bunchofspringonions,cutintopieces，1redtomato,cutinto8pieces,oil,saltandpepper

...構詞法——合成法把兩個或兩個以上的單詞合成一個新單詞有的可以直接寫在一起構成一個新單詞，還有的在詞與詞之間用連字符“-”構成一個新單詞，把這個詞通常叫做復合詞。eg.good-looking好看的

eg.cold-blooded冷血的Theunderlinedword“l(fā)ifespan”(inParagraph5)mostprobablymeans＿＿．A．生活B．生存C．生命D．壽命Thelifespanofa