THE STORY OF US字幕(美國(guó)：我們的故事第4集- 分裂)

[43:53.08]第四集分裂[43:54.98][43:55.14]1825年1825.[43:56.83][43:57.14]全世界迎來了現(xiàn)代化的曙光Allovertheworld,themoderneraisbeingborn.[44:00.13][44:01.12]工業(yè)革命來臨It'stheIndustrialRevolution.[44:02.85][44:03.62]美國(guó)努力迎頭追趕Americaisracingtocatchup.[44:06.22][44:09.31]在紐約州北部InupstateNewYork,[44:10.97]一條人工運(yùn)河正在郊野中開鑿aman-maderiveriscuttingthroughthewilderness.[44:13.81][44:14.65]伊利運(yùn)河是四千年來TheErieCanalisthebiggestconstructionproject[44:18.17]西方世界規(guī)模最大的建筑工程intheWesternworldinthelast4,000years.[44:21.28][44:24.32]300英里完全由手工開鑿Over300mileslong,dugentirelybyhand,[44:27.65][44:27.97]而當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)連一名像樣的工程師都沒有 andAmericalacksasinglequalifiedengineer.[44:31.66][44:33.12]美國(guó)人TheUnitedStatesofAmerica[44:35.45]不會(huì)讓大自然阻擋他們的去路isn'tabouttoletnaturestandinitsway.[44:37.26][44:37.72]我認(rèn)為美國(guó)精神是IthinkofthespiritofAmerica[44:40.53]想象力與毅力的完美結(jié)合beingimaginationcombinedwithtenacity.[44:44.04][44:38.43]邁克爾·道格拉斯[著名演員][44:43.20][44:44.44]人們有兢兢業(yè)業(yè)的工作精神There'sastrongworkethic,[44:47.09]有可以盡情施展的創(chuàng)造力awonderfulfreedomofcreation,[44:50.23]加上腦力與體力相得益彰combinedwiththementalmuscleandphysicallabor.[44:55.07]對(duì)我來說它是人類精神的最高體現(xiàn)Sotome,itrepresentsthebestofthehumanspirit.[44:59.92][45:02.48]然而大自然并不見得愿意合作Butthelanddoesn'talwayscooperate.[45:04.85][45:05.73]60英尺高的石灰?guī)r壁擋住了去路Awallofsolidlimestone60feethigh.[45:09.31][45:15.20]30英里開外就是終點(diǎn)伊利湖Just30milesfromthefinishline,LakeErie.[45:19.00][45:21.16]運(yùn)河將會(huì)改變一切Thecanalwillchangeeverything,[45:22.81][45:23.08]將整個(gè)美國(guó)中部與大西洋連接起來linkingtheAtlanticOceantothewholemiddleofAmerica.[45:28.02]它改變?nèi)藗兊木幼〉攸c(diǎn)和人生追求Itchangeswherepeoplelive,andwhy,[45:30.09][45:31.56]把整個(gè)北方變成了全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中心 andturnstheNorthintoaglobaleconomicpowerhouse.[45:35.22][45:39.40]主持運(yùn)河開鑿的Themanbehindthecanal[45:40.89]是滿腔熱忱的紐約州州長(zhǎng)德威特·克林頓isNewYork'sgung-hogovernor,DewittClinton.[45:43.76][45:46.70]出身富庶之家的他堅(jiān)信一切皆可為Borntowealth,hewon'ttakenoforananswer.[45:49.88][45:51.48]他有志當(dāng)總統(tǒng)Hewantstobepresident.[45:52.90][45:52.95]卻最終在紐約州長(zhǎng)任上盡心竭力了20年Instead,herunsNewYorkfor20years.[45:56.03][45:56.71]美國(guó)歷史上出現(xiàn)過許多獨(dú)具慧眼的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人 Americawasblessedwithmanyinspirationalleaders,[45:59.49][45:59.50]我認(rèn)為德威特·克林頓andIthinkDewittClinton[46:00.81][46:00.82]深知紐約州的發(fā)展對(duì)美國(guó)意義重大hadarealsenseofhowimportantnewYorkcouldbeforAmerica.[46:04.43][45:59.39]魯?shù)婪颉·朱利安尼[前紐約市市長(zhǎng)][46:03.05][46:09.43]克林頓的愿景是讓紐約州富起來Clinton'svision:tomakeNewYorkrich.[46:12.34][46:15.82]從政治層面說開鑿運(yùn)河就像一場(chǎng)豪賭Politically,thecanalisahugegamble.[46:18.63][46:18.90]輿論紛紛抨擊這項(xiàng)危險(xiǎn)而又昂貴的工程It'ssavagedinthepressasdangerousandtooexpensive.[46:21.95][46:22.24]"Theycallit"Clinton'sbigditch."[46:24.45][46:24.46]大溝將永遠(yuǎn)改變紐約州ButitwillchangeNewYorkforever.[46:27.14]這一工程比人類迄今為止所完成的Itisaworkmorestupendous,[46:29.07][46:29.37]任何工程都更偉大更壯觀moremagnificent,andmorebeneficial[46:32.77][46:33.04]并能產(chǎn)生更多效益thanhashithertobeenachievedbythehumanrace.[46:36.13][46:38.37]所謂創(chuàng)業(yè)精神就是Entrepreneurshipisaboutdoingthings[46:41.64][46:41.10]邁克爾·R·彭博[紐約市市長(zhǎng)][46:43.80][46:41.64]盡管你不知道結(jié)果怎樣whenyoudon'tknowwhatit'sgonnalooklike,[46:43.38][46:43.39]也不知道該如何著手youdon'tknowwhatit'sgonnabemadeof,[46:44.79]你所憑借的只是一種直覺youjusthavethisinstinct[46:46.49]一種充滿必勝信心的直覺thatyoucandoitandit'llwork.[46:47.85]這群人很有遠(yuǎn)見并且敢想敢做Thoseguyshadvisionsanddidit.[46:50.37][46:53.89]5萬人50,000men.[46:55.22]1100萬立方碼的石塊11millioncubicyardsofrock.[46:57.69]玫瑰碗球場(chǎng)可容納92,542人[46:59.69][46:57.69]26000個(gè)玫瑰碗球場(chǎng)EnoughtofilltheRoseBowl26,000times.[47:01.54]工人中有很多是愛爾蘭移民CrewsarefilledwithIrishimmigrants.[47:09.39][47:10.57]大衛(wèi)·吉爾羅伊在這里掙的錢是家鄉(xiāng)的5倍DavidGilroymakesfivetimeswhathecanearnbackhome,[47:14.41]但這是項(xiàng)危險(xiǎn)的工作butit'shazardouswork.[47:16.79]他們其實(shí)是在移ftThey'reliterallymovingmountains,[47:19.99][47:20.00]而唯一可行的辦法就是用火藥andthere'sonlyonewaythrough--gunpowder.[47:23.66][47:24.03]這是一種由硝酸鹽木炭及硫磺制成的Ahighlycombustiblemixof[47:26.74]極易燃的混合物nitrate,charcoalandsulfur.[47:28.67][47:29.12]一旦配比出錯(cuò)后果就是致命的Thewrongproportionscanbelethal.[47:31.79][47:43.14]只有一項(xiàng)工作比There'sonlyonejob比點(diǎn)燃導(dǎo)火索更危險(xiǎn)that'smoredangerousthanlightingthefuse...[47:46.52][47:48.59]那就是回去再點(diǎn)一次goingbacktorelightit.[47:50.42][48:09.42]為了克服恐懼工人們喜歡喝酒Tocope,workersdrink.[48:11.53][48:11.99]威士忌能緩解緊張Whiskeycalmsthenerves--[48:14.31]同時(shí)也會(huì)麻痹大腦andcloudsthebrain.[48:15.63][48:16.12]一名英國(guó)游客不敢相信AnEnglishtouristcan'tbelieve[48:18.07]他們?cè)趫?zhí)行爆破工作的時(shí)候還敢喝酒they'remixingalcoholandexplosives.[48:20.65][48:21.00]這些愛爾蘭工人變得越發(fā)莽撞大膽TheIrishlaborersgrewsorecklessoflife,[48:23.49]以至于當(dāng)聽到爆炸的信號(hào)時(shí)thatatthesignalforblasting,[48:25.02][48:25.86]他們只不過拿鏟子在頭頂擋一下theywouldjustholdtheirshovelsovertheirheads.[48:28.01][48:36.24]我認(rèn)為成長(zhǎng)在美國(guó)Ithinkwhenyou'rebroughtupinAmerica,[48:37.75][48:36.75]肖恩·康姆斯著名歌手綽號(hào)"][48:40.75][48:38.03]就是成長(zhǎng)在一段辛勤勞動(dòng)的歷史之中you'rebroughtuponthehistoryofhardwork.[48:40.50][48:41.00]有那么多的移民Therearesomanyimmigrants[48:42.79]為建設(shè)這個(gè)國(guó)家獻(xiàn)出了生命thathavediedtobuildthiscountry.[48:45.17][48:45.52]這種精神流淌在我們美國(guó)人的血液中That'sinourbloodstream,[48:47.00]深藏在我們美國(guó)人的基因里that'sinourDNAasAmericans.[48:48.39][48:48.67]我們不想讓先輩們的犧牲付諸東流Wedon'twanttheirlivestogoinvain.[48:50.47][48:50.48]因此 我們會(huì)比其他人更勤勞Becauseofthat,weusuallyworkharderthananybodyelse.[48:54.01][48:58.30]八年的開鑿Eightyearsofdigging.[48:59.44][48:59.77]近千人的犧牲Nearlyathousandliveslost.[49:01.43][49:01.74]七百萬美元的投入 相當(dāng)于如今的一億美元$7million,morethan100milliontoday.[49:05.17][49:05.61]1825年的順利通航TheErieCanalopensin1825,[49:08.55][49:08.56]一個(gè)工程史上的奇跡誕生了 amiracleofengineering,[49:10.79]東部和中西部從此連為一體connectingEastandMidwest.[49:13.48]運(yùn)河立刻成為了一條推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速公路It'saninstanteconomicsuperhighway.[49:16.00][49:16.22]每年有總價(jià)值1500萬美元的貨物來往于河上$15millionofgoodsayearflowalongthecanal.[49:20.27][49:21.16]沿岸的小村莊迅速發(fā)展成了發(fā)達(dá)的城市Villagesalongthecanalboomintodynamiccities--[49:24.59][49:24.60]水牛城錫拉丘茲和羅切斯特Buffalo,SyracuseandRochester.[49:27.32][49:29.50]物價(jià)大幅下降最大降幅達(dá)到95%Goodscrashinprice,upto95%.[49:32.96][49:34.05]昔日不得不自給自足的邊陲小鎮(zhèn)Afrontierthathadtobeself-sufficient[49:36.27]如今各種商品應(yīng)有盡有cannowbuyanythingtheywant.[49:38.72][49:41.40]繁榮之火開始燎原Prosperityisonthemove.[49:43.37][49:46.06]紐約市變成了一座繁華都市NewYorkCitybecomesaboomtown.[49:48.65][49:53.56]華爾街迅速崛起成為了世界金融中心WallStreettakesoffasaglobalfinancialcenter.[49:56.80][49:59.83]4倍Thecityquadruplesinsize...[50:02.04][50:04.44]并一舉超越新奧爾良成為全國(guó)第一大港口 andsurpassesNewOrleansasthenation'snumber-oneport.[50:08.57][50:14.22]這里財(cái)富聚集There'ssomuchmoneyaround,[50:16.01][50:16.32]"百萬富翁"一詞就是1840年在這里誕生的theword"Millionaire"isinventedin1840.[50:20.18][50:22.35]伊利運(yùn)河仍在影響著今天的紐約州TheErieCanalstillshapesNewYorktoday.[50:24.99][50:25.56]其北部80%的人口80%oftheupstatepopulation[50:27.14]25英里的流域范圍內(nèi)stillliveswithin25milesofit.[50:30.52][50:37.00]向南數(shù)百英里Hundredsofmilestothesouth,[50:38.65][50:39.07]一種小型作物正在創(chuàng)造另一種經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛asmallplantiscreatinganothereconomicboom.[50:42.63][50:43.00]棉花Cotton.[50:44.04][50:44.22]然而這種作物也導(dǎo)致了后來的國(guó)家分裂Butthisonewilleventuallytearthenationapart.[50:47.71][50:49.79]棉花原產(chǎn)于熱帶地區(qū)Cottonisnativetotropicalregions,[50:51.85][50:52.13]因此美國(guó)南部各州成為了理想的種植區(qū)makingtheSouthernstatesoftheUSaperfectbreedingground.[50:55.73][50:58.43]棉花有價(jià)值的部分是Thevaluedpartisthesoftfiber[51:00.69]緊密地長(zhǎng)在這種灌木黏性種子周圍的柔軟纖維 whichgrowstightlyaroundtheshrub'sstickyseeds.[51:03.21][51:05.58]30個(gè)棉花品種Thereare30speciesworldwide.[51:07.34][51:08.32]引進(jìn)種植不成問題Growingitisnoproblem,[51:09.66][51:12.39]但是加工這些纖維并使之能紡織成布料butprocessingthefiberbeforeitcanbespunintocloth[51:15.77][51:15.78]則需要大量勞動(dòng)力islabor-intensive.[51:17.23][51:17.93]特別是在除去棉籽時(shí)Especially,separatingtheseeds.[51:19.93][51:20.92]多年來只能通過手工來完成Foryears,itcouldonlybedonebyhand.[51:23.73][51:24.16]僅分離一磅棉花就需要一整天的勞動(dòng)Onepoundtookanentireday.[51:26.48][51:28.34]179434日一項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)單的發(fā)明AsimplepatentfiledonMarch4,1794,[51:32.01][51:32.02]改變了這一切changesallthat.[51:33.04][51:35.61]軋棉機(jī)Thecottongin.[51:36.54][51:38.00]它實(shí)現(xiàn)了加工過程自動(dòng)化 Itautomatestheprocess[51:39.47][51:39.48]也加深了國(guó)家的分裂a(bǔ)nddeeplydividesthecountry.[51:41.95][51:42.12]軋棉機(jī)不僅改變了美國(guó) ThecottongintransformednotonlyAmerica,[51:44.35]也改變了世界buttheworld.[51:46.03]利用機(jī)器進(jìn)行大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的理念Theconceptofmassproductionusingamachine[51:49.96]從此開始在各地流行justexplodedeverywhere.[51:52.43][51:46.66]伍迪·諾里斯 [發(fā)明][51:50.66][51:53.50]一個(gè)工人現(xiàn)在能加工比從前多50倍的棉花Onemancannowprocess50timesmorecotton.[51:57.20]整個(gè)南方的棉產(chǎn)量因此突飛猛進(jìn)OutputskyrocketsallovertheSouth.[52:00.18][52:03.50]1830年美國(guó)棉產(chǎn)量占世界總產(chǎn)量的一半In1830,Americaisproducinghalftheworld'scotton.[52:07.11]到1850 這一比例接近四分之三By1850,it'snearly[52:10.91][52:15.29]被喻為"白色黃金"的棉花Calledwhitegold,[52:16.57][52:16.58]給南方帶來了一種新式的奢華生活cottonsupportsanewlavishlifestyleintheSouth.[52:20.21][52:22.30]到1850年By1850,[52:23.51]密西西比州的納奇茲市的人均百萬富翁數(shù)量therearemoremillionairespercapitainNatchez,Mississippi,比全世界任何一個(gè)地方都要多thananywhereelseonEarth.[52:28.86][52:31.63]4萬英畝田地Therichestmanintownowns40,000acres,[52:34.76][52:34.77]3倍大nearlythreetimesthesizeofManhattanIsland.[52:37.83][52:43.30]南方的迅速繁榮TheSouthisthriving[52:45.90]離不開一種人剝削人的制度onthebacksofhumansowningotherhumans.[52:48.51]也就是奴隸制It'scalledslavery.[52:50.69][52:51.75]北方也受到了南方繁榮的影響TheNorthisimplicatedintheSouth'ssuccess.[52:55.38][52:58.84]工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的北方從南方的棉花中獲益TheindustrialNorthisprofitingfromSoutherncotton,[53:02.15][53:04.00]而對(duì)奴隸制卻視而不見butturnsablindeyetoslavery.[53:06.28][53:07.93]開國(guó)元?jiǎng)字械脑S多人自己就是奴隸主Manyofthemslaveownersthemselves,[53:09.99][53:10.27]他們以為奴隸制會(huì)很快消失theFoundingFathersassumedslaverywouldsoondisappear.[53:14.22][53:14.90]奴隸制在英國(guó)已經(jīng)被廢除了20年Slaveryhasalreadybeenabolishedfor20yearsinBritain[53:18.63]而且在歐洲的大多數(shù)地區(qū)屬于違法andisoutlawedacrossmostofEurope.[53:20.80][53:21.09]但由于棉產(chǎn)量的劇增Butwiththecottonexplosion,[53:22.82][53:23.11]奴隸制變得對(duì)南方經(jīng)濟(jì)極其重要slaverybecomescriticaltotheSoutherneconomy.[53:25.88][53:29.26]現(xiàn)在每個(gè)奴隸可以創(chuàng)造比以前多50倍的利潤(rùn)Eachslaveisnow50timesmoreprofitable.[53:32.61][53:32.98]在軋棉機(jī)問世前只賣300美元的奴隸Aslavewhosoldfor$300beforethecottongin[53:36.37]到1860年可以賣到近2000美元goesfornearly2,000by1860.[53:39.25]人們沒有真正意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)Peopledon'treallyrealizethis,[53:40.51][53:40.37]詹姆斯·梅格斯 [《大眾機(jī)械》雜志總編[53:43.37][53:40.51]在軋棉機(jī)發(fā)明之前butslaverywasactuallyonthedeclineintheSouth[53:42.50][53:42.51]奴隸制在南方實(shí)際是在逐漸衰退的priortotheinventionofthecottongin,[53:44.39]然而軋棉機(jī)使得棉花種植如此有利可圖butthenoncethecottonginmadeitsopracticaltogrowcotton,[53:48.60]突然間所有南方農(nóng)場(chǎng)主allofasudden,everyfarmerintheSouth[53:50.59][53:50.60]都想盡可能地多種棉花wantedtoplantasmuchcottonaspossible.[53:52.58][53:54.55]然而過度種植導(dǎo)致了土地貧瘠Butoverproductionisdestroyingtheland.[53:56.69][53:58.17]棉花種植向西部肥沃的土地進(jìn)發(fā)Cottonheadswestinsearchoffertilesoil,[54:01.49]并帶去了奴隸制bringingslaverywithit.[54:03.42][54:06.12]而北方的廢奴勢(shì)力則要維護(hù)邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的自由ButantislaveryforcesintheNorthwanttokeepthefrontierfree.[54:10.65][54:11.09]廢奴戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的第一槍即將打響Thestageissetforthefirstbattlesinthewaroverslavery.[54:15.56][54:24.90]棉花改變了美國(guó)人的生活方式CottonischangingthewayAmericanslive.[54:27.80][54:28.80]不久以后它還會(huì)帶來國(guó)家的分裂Intime,itwillblowthenationapart.[54:31.82][54:33.26]對(duì)南方來說棉花就是金礦FortheSouth,cottonisagoldmine.[54:35.92][54:36.20]而現(xiàn)在北方也想來分一杯羹NowtheNorthwantsapieceoftheaction.[54:38.49][54:38.77]這種互利共贏的合作關(guān)系It'sapartnershipthatmakeseveryonerich,[54:41.54][54:42.60]建立在一種新型機(jī)器的基礎(chǔ)上 basedonanewmachine,[54:44.76]動(dòng)力織布機(jī)thepowerloom.[54:45.48][54:48.34]運(yùn)進(jìn)來的是粗制棉絨 Rawcottoncomesin,[54:49.67]送出去的是精美的布料finishedclothgoesout.[54:51.13][54:51.42]一切都在一個(gè)車間內(nèi)完成Allunderoneroof.[54:53.40][54:54.72]現(xiàn)代工廠誕生了Themodernfactoryisborn.[54:56.82][55:00.56]馬薩諸塞州的洛威爾Lowell,Massachusetts,[55:01.87][55:01.88]這個(gè)紡織業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的城市有著"紡錘之城"的美稱iscalledthecityofspindles,atextilesboomtown.[55:06.55]人口在短短15年內(nèi)Populationexplodes[55:07.88]由1820年的200人驟增至近20000人from200in1820tonearly20,000injust15years.[55:13.99][55:14.55]Morethanathirdofthetownworksinthemills.[55:16.84][55:17.60]其中85%是15歲至25歲的單身女性85%aresinglewomenbetween15and25.[55:21.36][55:23.04]哈麗特·10歲HarrietRobinsonisten.[55:24.75][55:25.05]父親死后她就進(jìn)了工廠Whenherfatherdies,shegoestoworkatthemill.[55:28.32][55:29.76]那情景歷歷在目我在走廊里來回穿梭Icanseemyselfnow,racingdownthealley,[55:32.77]奔走于紡機(jī)之間betweenthespinningframes,[55:34.65]搬著個(gè)比自己還大的線筒箱carryinginfrontofmeabobbinboxbiggerthanIwas.[55:38.33]婦女第一次可以通過勞動(dòng)掙錢Womenearnmoneyforthefirsttime.[55:41.65][55:42.13]哈麗特的工錢幫助補(bǔ)貼家用Harriet'swageshelpsupportherfamily.[55:44.64][55:45.04]工業(yè)化改變著每個(gè)人的生活I(lǐng)ndustrializationischangingeveryone'slives.[55:48.65][55:51.45]所有女童工的收入都得到了合理利用Allthemillgirlsmakegooduseoftheirmoney.[55:53.79][55:54.06]家里的抵押被贖回來了Themortgageisliftedfromthehomestead,[55:56.34]農(nóng)舍也被粉刷一新thefarmhouseispainted.[55:57.73][55:58.00]女童工的收入能貼補(bǔ)守寡的母親Millgirlshelpmaintainwidowedmothers[56:00.24]或者酗酒或者傷殘的父親anddrunkenorinvalidfathers.[56:02.07][56:06.00]我們每周能掙2美元Wewerepaid$2aweek.[56:07.71]當(dāng)輪到我站在線筒箱上時(shí)Oh,howproudIwaswhen[56:09.03]我是多么激動(dòng)啊itcametomyturntostanduponthebobbin-box.[56:11.61][56:12.81]當(dāng)婦女到紡織廠制線廠真正參與生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)時(shí) Whenwomenreallyjoinedtheworkforceinthecottonmillsandthethreadfactories,[56:19.04][56:16.30]瑪莎·斯圖爾特[著名女企業(yè)家有"][56:19.30][56:19.31]這使她們有機(jī)會(huì)掙脫傳統(tǒng)束縛Ithinkitgavewomenanopportunitytogetout,[56:22.82][56:23.13]并認(rèn)真考慮自力更生了beseriousaboutbeingbreadwinners.[56:25.61][56:25.81]這改變了整個(gè)美國(guó)的社會(huì)格局AnditchangedthewholefabricofAmerica.[56:28.88][56:30.50]紡織工廠還掀起了美國(guó)人的服裝革命ThemillsalsorevolutionizehowAmericansdress.[56:33.96][56:36.05]廉價(jià)棉布的大量生產(chǎn)Massproductionofcheapcottonfabrics[56:38.69]振興了美國(guó)的服裝業(yè)spawnsAmerica'sclothingindustry.[56:40.88][56:42.29]以前大多數(shù)家庭的衣服都是自制的Previously,mostfamiliesmadetheirownclothes.[56:45.25]現(xiàn)在人們開始購(gòu)買成衣Now,peoplebuyready-to-wear.[56:47.17][56:47.80]東方潮流取代了鹿皮大衣Easternfashionsreplacebuckskin.[56:50.20][56:50.55]到1850年By1850,[56:52.04]服裝業(yè)成了紐約市最大的制造業(yè) men'sclothingisthelargestmanufacturingindustryinNewYorkCity.[56:55.72][56:56.00]作為美國(guó)人我最自豪的一點(diǎn)就是Forme,whatmakesmeproudesttobeanAmerican[56:59.38][56:57.38]吉米·威爾士 [維基百科創(chuàng)始人之][57:00.38][56:59.38]美國(guó)精神中的高效和樂觀isthatAmericanspiritofproductivity,optimism,[57:03.29]堅(jiān)信人定勝天前景光明thisideathattheworlddoesn'thavetobedoomandgloom,[57:06.52]我們可以利用科技讓生活更美好thatwecanusetechnologytomakeourlivesbetter.[57:09.09][57:11.45]時(shí)裝并不是來自紡織廠的唯一新事物Fashionisn'ttheonlyinnovationtocomeoutofthemills.[57:14.61][57:15.00]這里發(fā)明的技術(shù)直接導(dǎo)致了硅谷的誕生 TechnologydevelopedherewillleadstraighttoSiliconValley.[57:18.87][57:19.19]織布機(jī)上首創(chuàng)了穿孔卡用于生產(chǎn)帶花紋的布料Loomspioneerpunchcardstoproducepatternedfabric.[57:23.00][57:25.02]卡上的每個(gè)孔Eachholeinthecardtells決定織機(jī)是否使用不同顏色的紡線theloomtouseadifferent-coloredthread,ayes-nodecision.[57:30.68][57:31.38]這就是二進(jìn)制代碼 所有現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)It'sbinarycode,thebasisofallmoderncomputers.[57:35.69]計(jì)算機(jī)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的誕生ThebirthofthecomputerandInternet[57:39.45]都始于棉紡工廠里的織機(jī)beganincottonmillswiththeselooms.[57:42.60][57:43.29]我認(rèn)為在美國(guó)歷史上的每一個(gè)Youknow,ineverymajordevelopment,[57:47.18][57:44.80]約翰·拉薩特 [皮克斯和迪斯尼公司創(chuàng)意總][57:47.80][57:47.18]重要的發(fā)展時(shí)期Ithink,inthehistoryofAmerica,[57:49.33]科技都起到了核心作用technologyhasbeenatthecenterofit.[57:53.69][57:58.00]盡管輪班時(shí)間長(zhǎng)達(dá)12個(gè)小時(shí)Despite12-hourshifts,[57:59.47]工廠還是給婦女們帶來了無限的機(jī)遇thefactoriesofferanewworldofopportunityforwomen.[58:02.53][58:03.83]她們通過更多的閱讀和交流來提高自己 Theyarereadingmore,talkingmore,educatingthemselves.[58:07.39][58:08.52]沒錯(cuò)在上工時(shí)間讀書是違規(guī)的Yeah,readingbooksonfactorytimewasagainsttherules,[58:12.40]但我們把書藏在圍裙口袋和廢料桶里butwehidbooksinapronpocketsandwastebaskets.[58:15.81]有時(shí)我們也把詩貼在織機(jī)上背誦Sometimeswepastedpoemsonourloomstomemorize.[58:19.29]美國(guó)社會(huì)第一次聽到了她們的聲音AndforthefirsttimeinAmerica,theirvoicesareheard.[58:23.56][58:26.54]1836年10月October1836.[58:28.59]洛威爾紡織廠的女工下班后有組織地聚集起來WomenfromtheLowellMillsgatherafterworkandorganize.[58:32.87]她們反對(duì)降薪的抗議Theirprotestagainstwagecuts[58:34.76]是美國(guó)歷史上最早的罷工之一isoneofthefirststrikesinUShistory.[58:37.72][58:39.38]最后她們贏了Andtheywillwin.[58:40.27][58:40.94]工廠老板作出了讓步Themillbossisbackdown.[58:42.57][58:43.61]新一代的年輕女性后來成為了老師Agenerationofyoungwomengoontobecometeachers,[58:46.65]作家甚至大學(xué)畢業(yè)生writersandevencollegegraduates.[58:49.37][58:49.87]哈麗特·羅賓遜后來成了爭(zhēng)取婦女參政權(quán)的領(lǐng)軍人物HarrietRobinsonwillbecomealeadingsuffragette,[58:53.95]并在國(guó)會(huì)前作證andtestifybeforeCongress.[58:55.67][58:58.21]她們是第一批They'rethefirstwaveinamovement[58:59.88][58:59.89]爭(zhēng)取婦女選舉權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)起者thatresultsinwomengettingthevote.[59:02.12][59:04.07]照亮她們夜間秘密會(huì)議的燈光Theirsecretmeetingsatnightareonlypossible[59:06.85]來自一種非凡生物點(diǎn)燃的油燈with the light from lamps poweredby extraordinarycreature.[59:10.54][59:15.10]鯨油照亮了夜晚Whaleoilopenedupthenight,[59:16.69][59:16.70正如許多其它革命性的新發(fā)明一樣andlikesomanyreallytransformativetechnologicalinnovations,[59:20.43][59:16.70]詹姆斯·梅格斯 [《大眾機(jī)械》雜志總][59:19.70][59:20.43]它使人們更加自由itexpandedhumanfreedom.[59:21.86]它為人們開拓了一條多勞多得的勞動(dòng)之路Itcreatedawayforpeopletogetmore,domoreandachievemore.[59:26.59][59:28.90]20年之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)Crudeoilwon'tbediscoveredforanother20years.[59:31.73][59:33.28]在那之前是鯨油照亮著美國(guó)Untilthen,Americarunsonwhaleoil.[59:36.72][59:36.86]捕鯨業(yè)Thewhalingindustry[59:38.13][59:38.14]推動(dòng)了工業(yè)革命中的研發(fā)過程helpedinventpartoftheIndustrialRevolution[59:41.06]andtheclassicAmericanworkaholic,[59:44.99][59:41.99]史蒂文·約翰遜[][59:44.29][59:44.99]通宵達(dá)旦的工作環(huán)境work-round-the-clockkindofenvironment,[59:46.99][59:47.00]在這種環(huán)境下如果你能有更多的亮光whereifyouhavemorelight[59:48.30]來熬過那段不見天日的寒冬tokeepyougoinginthosedarkwinterdays,[59:50.36]就能有更多成就賺到更多錢youcouldgetmoredone,youcouldmakemoremoney,[59:52.79]因而在某種程度上你也推動(dòng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展andyoucouldkindofdrivetheeconomyforward.[59:55.41][00:08.50]鯨是在地球上曾有過的最大的生物之一WhalesareamongthelargestcreaturestoeverliveonEarth.[00:11.78][00:15.41]體重可達(dá)一百八十噸身長(zhǎng)逾百英尺Upto180tonsandmorethan100feetlong.[00:19.18][00:25.10]一條鯨魚可以制成Asinglewhalecanproduce[00:26.23][11的鯨油upto3,000gallonsofoil.[00:28.50][00:31.30]時(shí)至今日美國(guó)航空航天局仍在使用鯨油Eventoday,whaleoilisusedbyNASA.[00:33.90][00:34.34]哈勃空間望遠(yuǎn)鏡就是靠鯨油工作的TheHubblespacetelescoperunsonit.[00:37.05][00:42.67]捕鯨業(yè)是北方最大的產(chǎn)業(yè)之一WhalingisoneoftheNorth'sbiggestindustries,[00:46.06][00:46.33]每年帶來一千一百萬美元的收入bringingin$11millionayear.[00:48.86][00:49.85]但從業(yè)者的傷亡代價(jià)也很高Butthehumancostisalsohigh.[00:52.04][00:54.31]一半的捕鯨船最后會(huì)在大海里失蹤Halfofallshipswilleventuallybelostatsea.[00:57.53][00:58.00]很少有人甘冒此風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Fewmenarewillingtotaketherisk.[01:00.05][01:00.35]但對(duì)于非裔美國(guó)人來說 這卻是一個(gè)良機(jī)But it's an opportunity African-Americans.[01:02.67][01:03.25]兩萬名自由人和逃跑的奴隸選擇了出海20,000freemenandescapedslavestaketotheseas.[01:06.81][01:08.10]約翰·湯普森是馬里蘭州一名逃跑的奴隸 JohnThompsonisarunawayfromMaryland.[01:11.03][01:12.49]我的家在費(fèi)城IhaveafamilyinPhiladelphia.[01:14.51][01:15.21]但我不敢再在那里多呆Butfearingtoremainthereanylonger,[01:17.41][01:17.42]我想到了去航海捕鯨IthoughtIwouldgoonawhalingvoyage[01:19.88]抓捕逃奴的賞金獵人們不太可能whereIstoodleastchanceof[01:22.21]跑到海上來追捕我beingarrestedbyslavehunters.[01:23.61][01:27.93]捕鯨業(yè)所提供的平等機(jī)會(huì)超前于其所處的時(shí)代Theequalopportunityofferedinwhalingisaheadofitstime.[01:31.73][01:32.93]在這里有色人種真正被當(dāng)人看待Here,acoloredmanisonlyknownandlookeduponasaman[01:36.39]并且他們的晉升只取決于能力和技術(shù)水平andispromotedinrankaccordingtohisabilityandskill[01:40.64]干的活也和白人一樣toperformthesamedutiesasawhiteman.[01:42.95][01:47.63]從某種角度來說捕鯨業(yè)Thewhalingindustryoffered[01:49.47]為那些像約翰·湯普森一樣當(dāng)過奴隸的人anex-slavelikeJohnThompson[01:52.42]提供了社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)層面的流動(dòng)性thepossibilityofsocialandeconomicfluidity,mobility[01:55.65][01:52.83]小亨利·路易斯·蓋茨[][01:58.00][01:55.65]和被人接受的可能性andacceptanceinaway.[01:58.08]即使在北方EvenintheNorth,[01:59.75][01:59.76]對(duì)于黑人來說這在其它行業(yè)也是不可能的thatwasnotpossibleforblackpeopleotherwise.[02:02.78][02:07.30]負(fù)責(zé)瞭望的人大聲叫道Themanonthelookoutcriedout,[02:09.46]"她在那兒噴水呢""Theresheblows!"[02:10.86]海面上出現(xiàn)了四只鯨魚Therewerefourwhalesinsight,[02:13.07]距離他們只有不到四分之三英里notmorethanofamiledistant.[02:15.76][02:20.90]獵殺它們需要花費(fèi)數(shù)小時(shí)的時(shí)間Ittakeshourstokillthem.[02:22.48][02:24.06]他們用的是最先進(jìn)的魚叉Theyusestate-of-the-artharpoons[02:26.26]路易斯·坦普[美國(guó)著名廢奴主義者發(fā)明家][02:29.26][02:26.26]這是由一個(gè)名叫路易斯·坦普的逃奴發(fā)明的 inventedbyrunawayslaveLewisTemple.[02:29.22][02:31.08]Thewhalecanonlybekilledbylancinghimunderthefin,[02:34.65][02:34.66]這需要很多練習(xí)和技巧whichisaworkofmuchskillandpractice.[02:37.36][02:39.50]一頭盛怒之中的猛獸Amonster,terribleinhisfury,[02:42.26][02:42.77]足以在擺尾之間讓小船灰飛煙滅abletoshivertheboatinatomsbyonestrokeofhistail.[02:46.57][02:50.00]但海上生活縱使再兇險(xiǎn)Andyeteventhedangersatsea[02:52.49]也比可怕的奴隸生活要強(qiáng)得多arepreferabletothehorroroflifeasaslave.[02:56.16]對(duì)那些冒險(xiǎn)逃跑的奴隸的懲罰手段極其兇殘Punishmentissavageforthosewhoriskescape,[03:01.57]但仍有人為了自由不惜一切代價(jià)butsomewilldoanythingtobefree.[03:04.92][03:09.56]1841年新奧爾良1841,NewOrleans.[03:12.47][03:12.48]奴隸交易的中心Groundzerofortheslavetrade.[03:14.89][03:16.05]這一天是拍賣日It'sauctionday.[03:17.17]一個(gè)讓所有奴隸心驚膽戰(zhàn)的日子Thedayeveryslavefearsthemost.[03:19.83][03:22.60]在十九世紀(jì)上半葉Inthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury,[03:24.76][03:25.03]超過一半的奴隸是在拍賣會(huì)上被賣出的 overhalfamillionslavesaresoldatauction.[03:27.75][03:29.69]這一行業(yè)在南方經(jīng)濟(jì)中占了20億美元It'sabusinessworth$2billiontotheSoutherneconomy.[03:33.03][03:34.00]由于棉花種植業(yè)的繁榮Sincethecottonboom,[03:36.57]奴隸的價(jià)格飆升thevalueofslaveshasskyrocketed.[03:37.93][03:38.38]1000美元Nowmencost$1,000.[03:40.50][03:40.94]800美元Women,800.[03:42.14][03:42.42]兒童500美元Children,500.[03:43.94][03:46.16]所羅門·諾薩普SolomonNorthup,[03:48.20][03:46.20]所羅門·諾薩普[][03:51.81][03:48.21]一位來自北方的受過教育的自由人aneducatedfreemanfromtheNorth,[03:49.65]因遭綁架而淪為奴隸waskidnappedintoslavery.[03:51.81][03:53.11]你到這邊來You,comeoverhere.[03:54.68][03:56.30]他會(huì)要求我們把頭抬起來Hewouldmakeusholdupourheads,[03:58.52]讓我們快速來回奔跑walkusbrisklybackandforth,[04:01.19]這樣顧客們就能觀察我們的手臂和軀干whilecustomerswouldfeelourhandsandarmsandbodies,[04:05.85]他讓我們張開嘴巴露出牙齒makeusopenupourmouthsandshowourteeth,[04:09.03][04:09.04]簡(jiǎn)直就像一個(gè)騎師在檢驗(yàn)馬匹preciselyasajockeyexaminesahorse,[04:12.08]然后再?zèng)Q定是用錢還是用貨物來完成交易 whichheisabouttobarterfororpurchase.[04:15.05][04:16.52]奴隸后背上的傷疤被視為Scarsuponaslave'sbackwereconsidered[04:19.04]該奴隸反叛或難以管束的證據(jù) evidenceofarebelliousorunrulyspirit,[04:22.55]因而影響售價(jià)andhurthissale.[04:23.77][04:26.20]把上衣脫了Takeyourtopoff.[04:27.16]九成的非裔美國(guó)人都是奴隸90%ofallAfrican-Americansareslaves,[04:31.36]包括400萬男人女人和小孩4millionmen,womenandchildren.[04:34.20][04:34.80]我們的建國(guó)綱領(lǐng)是Wehadbasedthiscountryon[04:36.75]人人都享有不容侵犯的自由和平等權(quán)利 everyonehavinginalienablerightstofreedomandequality,[04:40.60][04:37.60]雪兒·克羅[90][04:39.60][04:40.60]然而我們也創(chuàng)造了一套慘無人道的迫害機(jī)制andyetwecreatedasystemofabjectpersecution.[04:45.60][04:47.81]奴隸們被養(yǎng)肥了送去拍賣 就像牲口一樣Slavesarefattenedforauction,likelivestock.[04:51.22][04:51.78]深膚色的男人被買走干農(nóng)活Dark-skinnedmenareboughtforthefields,[04:54.00]而淺膚色的女人則用來做家務(wù)活light-skinnedwomenforthehouse.[04:56.33][04:57.81]奴隸販子們謊報(bào)他們的年齡 Traderslieabouttheirages,[05:00.36]甚至?xí)o奴隸的白發(fā)染色evendyeaslave'sgrayhairs.[05:02.37][05:03.02]對(duì)于農(nóng)場(chǎng)主來說Fortheplantationowners,[05:04.82]買奴隸就像去當(dāng)?shù)氐某匈I糖和面粉一樣 itwaslikejustgoingtoyourlocalsupermarkettogetsugarorflour.[05:10.59][05:06.90]艾爾·夏普頓牧師[][05:10.30][05:10.80]他們已經(jīng)完全忘了奴隸也是人Theyhadbecomesodesensitizedtothehumanityoftheslave[05:16.44]以至于根本不把奴隸當(dāng)人看thattheydidnotseethemashumanbeings.[05:19.61][05:23.00]買家需要生育能力強(qiáng)的奴隸來繁衍后代Buyersdemandthemostfertileslavesforbreeding.[05:25.60][05:26.57]身價(jià)最高的就是淺膚色未成年處女Themostexpensivearelight-skinnedteenagevirgins.[05:29.77][05:30.70]強(qiáng)奸已是稀松平常Rapeiscommon.[05:32.53][05:36.61]伊萊扎來自一個(gè)州立農(nóng)場(chǎng)Eliza'sfromastateplantation.[05:38.99][05:41.95]和她一起被拍賣的還有她的兩個(gè)孩子 She'sbeingsold,withhertwochildren,[05:44.82]埃米莉和蘭德爾EmilyandRandall.[05:46.89][05:47.33]在路易斯安那州 InLouisiana,[05:48.99]將11歲以下的孩子從父母身邊帶走是違法的it'sillegalforchildrenunder11tobetakenfromtheirparents.[05:52.67]小伙子過來Boy,comeoverhere.[05:54.14][05:54.39]但這種事屢見不鮮Ithappensallthetime.[05:55.69][05:56.74]給我看看你的牙齒Showmeyourteeth.[05:58.50][05:58.88]140年的時(shí)間對(duì)于Youknow,140yearsisnot[06:00.27]整個(gè)歷史進(jìn)程來說并不漫長(zhǎng)areallylongtimeinthecontextofhistory.[06:02.78]所以我真的不敢相信Soit'shardformetobelieve[06:04.55]140年前黑人在這里沒有任何權(quán)利可言thatblacksdidn'thaveanyrightshere,[06:06.98]他們?cè)馐艿氖欠侨说膶?duì)待theyweren'ttreatedashumanbeings,[06:09.19][06:07.19]約翰·勒珍德R&B][06:11.18][06:09.20]本質(zhì)上他們的待遇和動(dòng)物無異theyweretreatedlikeanimals,essentially.[06:11.18][06:12.50]求你了先生Sir,please![06:13.63][06:29.00]拍賣會(huì)上過半的交易都會(huì)拆散一個(gè)家庭Overhalfthesalesatauctionwilltearafamilyapart.[06:32.83]想象一下一個(gè)八歲的孩子Ifyou'veeverbeeneight,tothinkofbeing[06:35.91]被迫與父母分開separatedfromyourmotherandyourfather[06:37.63]被人買走永遠(yuǎn)不能再見父母一面andsoldandyou'llneverseethemagain.[06:39.96]想象一下這過程中的驚恐與辛酸Thehorrorofthat,thepoignancyofallofthat,[06:42.38][06:40.38]安妮特·戈登·里德][06:43.38][06:42.39]而類似事件卻在整個(gè)南方屢見不鮮 andyetthat'sthekindofthingthathappenedacrosstheSouth[06:46.19]直到奴隸制度瓦解upuntiltheendofslavery.[06:48.09][06:49.00]好了我最后一次出價(jià)Okay,myfinaloffer,[06:50.31][06:51.32]這個(gè)男人我出一千那個(gè)男人我出九百I'llgiveyou1,000forthatman,900forthatman.[06:54.66][06:54.88]那邊那個(gè)女人我出七百Thatwomanthere,$700.[06:57.46][06:57.90]求你買下我的孩子吧Please,buymychild![06:59.39][07:02.17]先生Sir![07:03.51][07:07.30]先生Sir![07:08.28][07:08.66]我曾多次目睹過母親最后一次親吻Ihaveseenmotherskissingforthelasttime[07:11.21]逝去的孩子的臉頰thefacesoftheirdeadoffspring,[07:13.32][07:13.33]但我卻從沒見過伊萊扎和她的孩子分離時(shí)的 butneverhaveIseensuchanexhibitionofintensegrief[07:17.64]那種痛徹心扉的悲傷aswhenElizawaspartedfromherchild.[07:20.58][07:31.26]從巴爾的摩出發(fā)向北三英里ThreemilesoutsideBaltimoreheadingNorth.[07:33.71]一個(gè)奴隸正在逃亡的路上Aslaveontherun.[07:35.51][07:36.77]被抓獲的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很大Theriskofcaptureishigh.[07:37.93][07:39.00]一年中最多只有一千人成功逃走Atmost,1,000ayeararesuccessful.[07:41.57][07:41.58]割掉耳朵挑斷腳筋Earscutoff;achillestendonsslashed;[07:45.27]還有打烙印都是被抓后常見的懲罰手段branding;allarecommonpunishmentsifcaught.[07:48.47][07:49.15]弗雷德里克·道格拉斯曾兩次出逃失敗FrederickDouglasshasfailedtwice,[07:51.60][07:49.20]弗雷德里克·道格拉斯[][07:52.20][07:51.60]但失敗無法阻擋他的腳步butwon'tletthatstophim.[07:53.47][07:56.33]道格拉斯這類人是南方最大的夢(mèng)靨 Menlik