OracleASM常用知識(shí)小結(jié)

首頁(yè)ASM常用知識(shí)小結(jié)內(nèi)容提綱什么是ASMASMDISKGROUP（磁盤組、磁盤、目錄、別名、文件）通過(guò)ASMCMD工具管理ASM文件系統(tǒng)模擬ASM磁盤11gR2GridInfrastructure遷移數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)到ASMASM趨勢(shì)ASM(AutomaticStorageManagement)

Oracle10g引入的新的存儲(chǔ)概念可以自動(dòng)管理磁盤,并提供數(shù)據(jù)冗余和優(yōu)化OperatingSystemDataBaseASMVolume

ManagerFile

SystemApplication什么是ASMDatabaseTablespaceSegmentExtentOracle

blockDatafilePhysical

BlockASM

DiskGroupASMDiskASMFileAllocationUnitFileSystemFileor

RawDeviceASM概念Oracle數(shù)據(jù)文件放置所遇到的問(wèn)題數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)有1000以上的數(shù)據(jù)文件時(shí)當(dāng)有大量數(shù)據(jù)文件時(shí)命名就變得很困難了特性和文件系統(tǒng)限制隨操作系統(tǒng)的不同而不同對(duì)于歸檔日志和備份，操作系統(tǒng)供應(yīng)商不提供共享磁盤文件系統(tǒng)目標(biāo)與Oracle緊密集成，并與集群一起使用(并行服務(wù)器)自動(dòng)使用新的存儲(chǔ)，作為磁盤單元或磁盤組來(lái)管理支持成千上萬(wàn)的磁盤簡(jiǎn)化命名誰(shuí)需要如果你想從你現(xiàn)有的磁盤子系統(tǒng)中獲得更高的性能如果你正在使用RAC

為什么使用ASM繁瑣的規(guī)劃物理卷組，邏輯卷，一旦規(guī)劃完成很難調(diào)整pvcreate/dev/sda/dev/sdb/dev/sdc/dev/sddvgcreatevgdata01/dev/sda/dev/sdb/dev/sdc/dev/sddlvcreate-i4-I128-L10240M-nlvdata001vgdata01;lvcreate-i4-I128-L10240M-nlvdata002vgdata01;lvcreate-i4-I128-L10240M-nlvdata003vgdata01;lvcreate-i4-I128-L10240M-nlvdata004vgdata01;lvcreate-i4-I128-L10240M-nlvdata005vgdata01;....lvcreate-i4-I128-L10240M-nlvdata200vgdata01;createtablespacedata01datafile'/dev/vgdata_01/lvdata001'size10200M...;Altertablespacedata01adddatafile...;傳統(tǒng)的卷管理模式500g-1T30T-100T傳統(tǒng)的卷管理模式Lv0001Lv0002Lv0003…Lv2001Lv0001Lv0002…簡(jiǎn)化了數(shù)據(jù)文件的管理，只需要告訴對(duì)應(yīng)的邏輯磁盤名稱，就可以簡(jiǎn)單的創(chuàng)建表空間和添加數(shù)據(jù)文件CREATEDISKGROUPDSKGRP1EXTERNALREDUNDANCYDISK(感覺有點(diǎn)像操作系統(tǒng)vg哦)'/dev/sda','/dev/sdb','/dev/sdc','/dev/sdd';createtablespacedata01datafile'+DSKGRP1'size10200M...;ASM管理模式NODE1/arch1/arch2(nfs)NODE2/arch1(nfs)/arch2NODE1NODE2ARCHGROUPASM存儲(chǔ)歸檔日志備份歸檔日志mkdir-p/oracle/backuprmantarget/nocatalogchangearchivelogallvalidate;run{ALLOCATECHANNELCH01TYPEDISK;sql'ALTERSYSTEMARCHIVELOGCURRENT';BACKUPASCOMPRESSEDBACKUPSETARCHIVELOGALLFORMAT'/oracle/backup/archivelogs_%d_%u_%s_%T'deleteinput;BACKUPASCOMPRESSEDBACKUPSETCURRENTCONTROLFILEFORMAT'/oracle/backup/controlfile_%d_%u_%s_%T';RELEASECHANNELCH01;}ASM下歸檔日志備份參數(shù)文件$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfile+ASM.ora*.asm_diskgroups='DSKGRP1'*.asm_diskstring='/oracle/oradata/asmdisk*'*.instance_type='asm‘*.asm_power_limit=1ASMParameter啟動(dòng)ASM實(shí)例，和啟動(dòng)ORACLE實(shí)例類似，只是ORACLE_SID不一樣$exportORACLE_SID=+ASM$

sqlplus/nologSQL>CONNECT/ASsysdbaConnectedtoanidleinstance.SQL>STARTUP;ASMinstancestartedTotalSystemGlobalArea147936196bytesFixedSize324548bytesVariableSize96468992bytesDatabaseBuffers50331648bytesRedoBuffers811008bytesASMdiskgroupsmountedASMInstanceASM實(shí)例對(duì)應(yīng)的一些后臺(tái)進(jìn)程#ps-ef|grepasmgrid239461019:43?00:00:00asm_pmon_+ASMgrid239481019:43?00:00:03asm_vktm_+ASMgrid239531019:43?00:00:00asm_gen0_+ASMgrid239561019:43?00:00:00asm_diag_+ASMgrid239591019:43?00:00:00asm_psp0_+ASMgrid239621019:43?00:00:01asm_dia0_+ASMgrid239641019:43?00:00:00asm_mman_+ASMgrid239701019:43?00:00:00asm_dbw0_+ASMgrid239721019:43?00:00:00asm_lgwr_+ASMgrid239761019:43?00:00:00asm_ckpt_+ASMgrid239781019:43?00:00:00asm_smon_+ASMgrid239811019:43?00:00:00asm_rbal_+ASMgrid239841019:43?00:00:00asm_gmon_+ASMgrid239861019:43?00:00:00asm_mmon_+ASMgrid239901019:43?00:00:00asm_mmnl_+ASMASMInstanceDiskGroupDGSYSASM

InstanceDiskGroupDGDATA01DiskGroupDGINDEX01ASMDISKGROUP$dbca10g,11g在dbca創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)時(shí)管理ASM不同10g使用dbca管理asm11gr2使用asmcaDBCA創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)$dbcaDBCA創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)每個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的磁盤組中可以有不同數(shù)量的磁盤個(gè)數(shù)DGSYSDGDATA01DGINDEX011ASMDISKMirroratextentlevelExternalredundancy: DeferstohardwaremirroringNormalredundancy:(RAID1???) Two-waymirroring AtleasttwofailuregroupsHighredundancy:(RAID5???) Three-waymirroring AtleastthreefailuregroupsDiskGroupMirroringController1Controller2Failuregroup1Failuregroup2DiskgroupAController3Failuregroup317131713171317131713171317131713171323456ASMFailureGroup方便區(qū)分磁盤，在前期規(guī)劃給每個(gè)磁盤起個(gè)別名ln-s/dev/sdc/oracle/oradata/asmdisk01ln-s/dev/sdd/oracle/oradata/asmdisk02ln-s/dev/sde/oracle/oradata/asmdisk03ln-s/dev/sdf/oracle/oradata/asmdisk04ln-s/dev/sdg/oracle/oradata/asmdisk05ln-s/dev/sdh/oracle/oradata/asmdisk06ln-s/dev/sdi/oracle/oradata/asmdisk07ln-s/dev/sdj/oracle/oradata/asmdisk08ln-s/dev/sdk/oracle/oradata/asmdisk09ln-s/dev/sdl/oracle/oradata/asmdisk10CreateDiskGroup$asmca在11gr2中使用Asmca對(duì)ASM實(shí)例磁盤組等進(jìn)行管理CreateDiskGroup$exportORACLE_SID=+ASM$sqlplus“/assysdba”or(sqlplus“/assysasm”針對(duì)11gr2對(duì)權(quán)限做了加強(qiáng)，需要使用sysasm權(quán)限創(chuàng)建磁盤組)(Two-waymirroring)SQL>CREATEDISKGROUPDSKGRP2

NORMALREDUNDANCY

FAILGROUPcontroller1DISK'/oracle/oradata/asmdisk04','/oracle/oradata/asmdisk05'FAILGROUPcontroller2DISK'/oracle/oradata/asmdisk06','/oracle/oradata/asmdisk07';CreateDiskGroup$exportORACLE_SID=+ASM$sqlplus"/assysdba"SQL>dropdiskgroupDSKGRP2includingcontents;DropDiskGroup*.asm_power_limit=1asm_power_limit參數(shù)可以設(shè)置為0-11，如果設(shè)置為0，那么ASM自動(dòng)重新分布數(shù)據(jù)功能會(huì)被關(guān)閉。SQL>altersystemsetasm_power_limit=0;SQL>showparameterasm_power_limitNAMETYPEVALUE--------------------------------asm_power_limitinteger0手工分布數(shù)據(jù)SQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1REBALANCEPOWER2WAIT;查看數(shù)據(jù)分布需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間SQL>selectoperation,est_minutesfromv$asm_operation;DiskGroupDynamicRebalancing添加磁盤自動(dòng)平衡數(shù)據(jù)$exportORACLE_SID=+ASM$sqlplus"/assysdba"SQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDDISK'/oracle/oradata/asmdisk04';AddDiskDSKGRP1DSKGRP1DSKGRP1SQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDDISK'/oracle/oradata/asmdisk04';AddDiskSQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1DROPDISKDSKGRP1_0003;DropDisk調(diào)整磁盤組或者磁盤的大小ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1RESIZEDISKdiska1SIZE10G;手動(dòng)平衡數(shù)據(jù)ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1REBALANCEPOWER5;檢查磁盤設(shè)備一致性ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1CHECKALL;AdminDiskgroup撤銷DROPSQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1DROPDISKDSKGRP1_0003;SQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1UNDROPDISKS;AdminDiskgroupDatabaseFileCREATETABLESPACEsampleDATAFILE'+DSKGRP1';12341234Automatic

ASMfile

CreationRMANASMFilesSQL>selectname,path,total_mb,free_mb,failgroupfromv$asm_disk;

NAMEPATHTOTAL_MBFREE_MBFAILGROUP-------------------------------------------------------------------DSKGRP1_0001/oracle/oradata/asmdisk021024976CONTROLLER1DSKGRP1_0000/oracle/oradata/asmdisk011024977CONTROLLER1......CREATETABLESPACEsampleDATAFILE'+DSKGRP1'SIZE100MAUTOEXTENDOFFEXTENTMANAGEMENTLOCALUNIFORMSIZE1MSEGMENTSPACEMANAGEMENTAUTOALTERTABLESPACEsampleADDDATAFILE'+DSKGRP1'SIZE100MAUTOEXTENDOFF;ALTERTABLESPACEsampleADDDATAFILE'+DSKGRP1'SIZE100MAUTOEXTENDOFF;ALTERTABLESPACEsampleADDDATAFILE'+DSKGRP1'SIZE100MAUTOEXTENDOFF;ALTERTABLESPACEsampleADDDATAFILE'+DSKGRP1'SIZE100MAUTOEXTENDOFF;ASMFilesSQL>selectfile_id,file_namefromdba_data_files;

FILE_IDFILE_NAME------------------------------------------------------……6 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.256.6847628797 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.257.6847638758 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.258.6847639059 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.259.68476393510 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.260.684763961……SQL>selectname,path,total_mb,free_mb,failgroupfromv$asm_disk;

NAMEPATHTOTAL_MBFREE_MBFAILGROUP-------------------------------------------------------------------DSKGRP1_0001/oracle/oradata/asmdisk021024720CONTROLLER1DSKGRP1_0000/oracle/oradata/asmdisk011024722CONTROLLER1

ASMFiles$exportORACLE_SID=+ASMSQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDDIRECTORY'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/';SQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDDIRECTORY'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/';ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDALIAS'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample001.dbf'FOR'+DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.256.684762879';ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDALIAS'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample002.dbf'FOR'+DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.257.684763875';ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDALIAS'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample003.dbf'FOR'+DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.258.684763905';ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDALIAS'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample004.dbf'FOR'+DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.259.684763935';ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDALIAS'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample005.dbf'FOR'+DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.260.684763961';創(chuàng)建目錄/別名文件Dropfileusinganalias.ALTERDISKGROUPdisk_group_1DROPFILE'+disk_group_1/my_dir/my_file.dbf';

Dropfileusinganumericformfilename.ALTERDISKGROUPdisk_group_1DROPFILE'+disk_group_1.342.3';Dropfileusingafullyqualifiedfilename.ALTERDISKGROUPdisk_group_1DROPFILE'+disk_group_1/mydb/datafile/my_ts.342.3';文件StoragesystemV$ASM_DISKGROUPV$ASM_CLIENTV$ASM_DISKV$ASM_FILEV$ASM_TEMPLATEV$ASM_ALIASV$ASM_OPERATIONDiskgroupADiskgroupBASMView10grelease1

管理ASM只能通過(guò)SQL語(yǔ)句10grelease2

命令行工具ASMCMD，它使我們可以更為方便地瀏覽和管理ASM磁盤組中的文件和目錄。它可以列出磁盤組的內(nèi)容，執(zhí)行搜索，創(chuàng)建或刪除目錄及別名，顯示空間利用率等f(wàn)orFTPtypetheurl:---ftp://<host>:2100/forHTTPtypetheurl:--http://<host>:8080/References:

Note243554.1

Note357714.1通過(guò)ASMCMD工具管理ASM11grelease1

比較實(shí)用的copy命令，11g以前只能考慮使用RMAN

將ASM管理的文件copy到一般的文件系統(tǒng)

cp+DATA/RAC/DATAFILE/sample.256.629730771/home/oracle/sample001.dbf

將某個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)文件直接copy到ASM管理的磁盤中 cp/home/oracle/sample002.dbf+DATA/RAC/DATAFILE/

可以實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程copy ASMCMD>cp-ifr+DSKGRP1/orcl/spfileorcl.orasys@server1.1521.+ASM:+DSKGRP1/orcl/spfileorcl1.ora

Enterpassword:******ASMCMD運(yùn)行asmcmd$exportORACLE_SID=+ASM1$asmcmdASMCMD>lsdg使用asmcmd命令必須先啟動(dòng)asm實(shí)例，不然會(huì)有以下報(bào)錯(cuò)：rac1->asmcmd–pORA-01034:ORACLEnotavailableORA-27101:sharedmemoryrealmdoesnotexistLinuxError:2:Nosuchfileordirectory(DBDERROR:OCISessionBegin)使用asmcmd必須先指定ORACLE_HOME和ORACLE_SID，注意此處ORACLE_SID是asm的sid，不然會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)：rac1->asmcmd–pORA-01034:ORACLEnotavailableORA-27101:sharedmemoryrealmdoesnotexistLinuxError:2:Nosuchfileordirectory(DBDERROR:OCISessionBegin)ASMCMD交互模式運(yùn)行 在操作系統(tǒng)命令提示符下輸入asmcmd，會(huì)得到ASMCMD>提示符，可以輸入相關(guān)的命令，如果使用-p選項(xiàng)，將在ASMCMD提示符中包含當(dāng)前路徑，如下： $export

ORACLE_SID=+hisasm1 $asmcmd

-p非交互模式運(yùn)行 命令格式為：asmcmdcommandarguments，如下： $asmcmd

ls

-l非交互模式運(yùn)行，監(jiān)測(cè)diskgroup使用情況，特別象數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)歸檔使用ASM存儲(chǔ)，可以生成文件，加入自動(dòng)監(jiān)控。

ASMCMD部分常用的ASMCMD命令列表

du顯示指定的ASM目錄下ASM文件占用的所有磁盤空間 ls列出ASM目錄下的內(nèi)容及其屬性lsct列出當(dāng)前ASM客戶端的信息lsdg列出所有磁盤組及其屬性mkalias為系統(tǒng)生成的文件名創(chuàng)建別名 ……其他相關(guān)參數(shù)，可使用help查看Type"help[command]"togethelponaspecificASMCMDcommand.

commands:

--------

cd

du

find

help

ls

lsct

lsdg

mkalias

mkdir

pwd

rm

rmaliasASMCMDOracle11grelease2版本和以前的版本在ASM使用上有所區(qū)別，針對(duì)ASM需要單獨(dú)安裝GRIDINFRASTRUCTURE軟件$./runInstaller11gR2GridInfrastructure注意運(yùn)行完root.sh后的一些提示#shroot.shToconfigureGridInfrastructureforaStand-AloneServerrunthefollowingcommandastherootuser:/grid/perl/bin/perl-I/grid/perl/lib-I/grid/crs/install/grid/crs/install/roothas.plToconfigureGridInfrastructureforaClusterperformthefollowingsteps:1.ProvidevaluesforGridInfrastructureconfigurationparametersinthefile-/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params.Fordetailsonhowtodothis,seetheinstallationguide.2.Runthefollowingcommandastherootuser:/grid/perl/bin/perl-I/grid/perl/lib-I/grid/crs/install/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.plToupdateinventorypropertiesforGridInfrastructure,performthefollowingsteps.Ifapre-11.2homeisalreadyconfigured,executethefollowing:11.2_Home/oui/bin/runInstaller-updateNodeList-silent-localCRS=falseORACLE_HOME=pre-11.2_HomeAlwaysexecutethefollowingtoregisterthecurrenthome:11.2_Home/oui/bin/runInstaller-updateNodeList-silent-localCRS=trueORACLE_HOME=11.2_Home.Ifeitherhomeisshared,providetheadditionalargumen