初中語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)

中階語(yǔ)法Lessonl動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)Louise1、什么是動(dòng)詞?2、（（1）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞r及物動(dòng)詞（vt.）后接賓語(yǔ)（行為動(dòng)詞）不及物動(dòng)詞2、(2)系動(dòng)詞be/become/get/look/seem/turn/sound/smell/taste/feel/keep⑶助動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)bbe+doing/+done⑶助動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)Have(has/had)+done/+beendoingdo(does/did)\will/shall/would/should,⑷情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 may/might/can/could/must/should/will/would一、動(dòng)詞是用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)做什么（即行為動(dòng)詞），或表示主語(yǔ)是什么或怎么樣（即狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞）的詞。二、動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)（一）行為動(dòng)詞NotionalVerb行為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）是表示行為、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞。它的詞義完整，可以單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)IliveinBeijingwithmymother.（我和我媽媽住在北京。）live，住Ithasaroundface.（它有一張圓臉。）has，有1、及物動(dòng)詞TransitiveVerb后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)，意思才完整例如:Givemesomeink,please.（請(qǐng)給我一些墨水。）Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youcanraiseyourhands.（如果你們有問(wèn)題，你們可以舉手，。）2、不及物動(dòng)詞IntransitiveVerb后面不能跟賓語(yǔ)，意思已完整。不及物動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可以加上副詞或介詞，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。例如:Heworkshard.（他工作努力。）JackrunsfasterthanMike.（杰克跑步比邁克要快些。）Pleaselookattheblackboardandlistentome.（請(qǐng)看黑板，聽(tīng)我說(shuō)。）（二）連系動(dòng)詞LinkVerb連系動(dòng)詞是表示主語(yǔ)“是什么”或“怎么樣”的詞，它雖有詞義，但不完整，所以不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須跟表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成合成謂語(yǔ)。人表示“是"的動(dòng)詞e。這個(gè)詞在不同的主語(yǔ)后面和不同的時(shí)態(tài)中有不同的形式，am，are，was，were，have/hasbeen等要特別予以注意。例如：Heisateacher.（他是個(gè)教師。）2、表示“感覺(jué)”的詞，如心（看起來(lái)）feel（覺(jué)得，摸起來(lái)）smell（聞起來(lái)）sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)）taste（嘗起來(lái)）等，例如：Shelookedtired.（她看一去很疲勞。）Cottonfeelssoft.（棉花摸起來(lái)很軟。）Thestorysoundsinteresting.（這個(gè)故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣。）Theflowerssmellsweet.（這些花聞起來(lái)很香。）Themixturetastedhorrible.（這藥水太難喝了。）3、表示“變”、“變成”的意思的詞，如become,get,grow,切m,都解釋為“變”、“變得”例如：Shebecameacollegestudent.（她成了一名大學(xué)生。）Theweathergetswarmerandthedaysgetlongerwhenspringcomes.（春天來(lái)了，天氣變得暖和些了，白天也變得較長(zhǎng)些了。）Hegrew01d.（他老了。）（三）助動(dòng)詞AuxiliaryVerb這類(lèi)詞本身無(wú)詞義不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能與主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)表示不同的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、表示句子的否定和疑問(wèn)例1如:HedoesnotspeakEnglishwell.（他英語(yǔ)講得不好。）句中的does是助動(dòng)詞，既表示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，又與not一起構(gòu)成否定形式。Adogisrunningafteracat.（一條狗正在追逐一只貓。）句中的is是助動(dòng)詞，和run的現(xiàn)在分詞一起構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。（四）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ModalVerb這類(lèi)詞本身雖有意義但不完整。它們表示說(shuō)話人的能力說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣或情態(tài)如“可能”、“應(yīng)當(dāng)”等。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有Ca〃,may,must,need,dare,could,might等。它們不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須與行為動(dòng)詞（原形）一起作謂語(yǔ)，表示完整的意例如：Icandance.（我會(huì)跳舞。）can,能,會(huì)Hecan,twalkbecauseheisababy.（因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)嬰兒，不會(huì)走路。）can/t,不必MayIcomein？（我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？）may,可以（1）can,could和beableto1、表示能力，例如：IcanspeakalittleJapanese.Beableto代替can,也可以表示能力。但Can只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)ould）,而beableto則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式，例如：YouwillbeabletotalkwiththeforeignteacherinEnglishnextweek.2、表示允許，準(zhǔn)許,這時(shí)can與may可以互換，例如：Can/MayIbrotheryourbiketomorrow?3、表示客觀可能性用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中表示說(shuō)話人懷疑、猜測(cè)或不肯定例如:Hecannot/can'tbethere.4、could除表示can的過(guò)去式外，在口語(yǔ)中還常代替an，表示非常委婉的請(qǐng)求。這時(shí)could和can沒(méi)有時(shí)間上的差別。例如：Could/Canyoushowmethewaytothenearesthospital?（2）may和might1、表示“準(zhǔn)許”和“許可”這時(shí)可與can替換。例如：May（can）Iuseyourdictionaryforamoment?（我可以借你的字典用一下嗎？）2、表示說(shuō)話人的猜測(cè)，認(rèn)為某事“可能”發(fā)生,例如:Where’sJohn?Hemaybeatthelibrary.（約翰在哪兒？他可能在圖書(shū)館。）以上例子中的maybe是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may加be,與maybe完全不同。后者是副詞，解釋為“或許”。例如：Hemaybeathome.（他可能在家。）Maybehewasathome.（或許他在家。）3、might除表示may的過(guò)去式外,在口語(yǔ)中還常代檢”,表示非常委婉的請(qǐng)示或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較小。這時(shí)might和mav沒(méi)有時(shí)間上的差異。例如：Might（May）Ispeaktoyouforafewminutes?（我現(xiàn)在可以與你談幾分鐘話嗎？）4、用于從句中表示目的，意為“以便能??、”“使……可以”例如：Openyourmouthwide,sothatImayseeclearlywhat'swrongwithyourteeth.（把嘴張大些，以便我能看清楚你的牙齒有什么毛病。）Hewrotedownmyaddresssothathemightrememberitwell.（他把我的住址寫(xiě)了下來(lái)，以便能記牢。）5、在用may提問(wèn)時(shí)，否定回答常用masWt或maynot表示“不行”、“不可以。例如：MayIgonow?No,youmustnft.（我可以走了嗎？不，不可以。）must1、must表示說(shuō)話人的主觀意志表示義務(wù)、命令或必要、應(yīng)當(dāng)和必須等?，F(xiàn)在式與過(guò)去式同形。例如:Imustgotoschooltoday.（今天我必須上學(xué)去。）HetoldmeImustn,tleaveuntilmymothercame.（他告訴我，在我母親回來(lái)之前我不許離開(kāi)。）2、must表示推測(cè)，“一定是'、“準(zhǔn)是”例如：Theymustbeverytired.Letthemhavearest.（他們一定是非常疲勞了，讓他們休息一會(huì)兒吧。）Jackdoesn,tlookwell.Hemustbeill.（杰克看上去氣色不太好。他一定是病了。）［難點(diǎn)解釋?zhuān)?、haveto表示“必須、“不得不”它不僅能代替must,用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)以外的其他時(shí)態(tài)，表示說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，而且又表示客觀上的需要例如:Ifwemissthelastbus,weshallhavetowalkhome.（如果我們末班車(chē)，我們將不得不走回家。）2、在回答must的疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，否定回答常用needn't表示“不必”例如:MustIreturnthisbooktoyouintwoweeks?（這本書(shū)我兩星期以后必須還你嗎？）Yes,youmust.（是的。）No,youneedn’t.（不，不必了。）need和dareneed（需要）和dare（敢于）既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，又可作行為動(dòng)詞。1、need和dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，只用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句need無(wú)形態(tài)變化，dare的過(guò)去式是dared。例如：Itfswarmtoday.Youneednftputonyourcoat.（今天天氣很暖和，你不必穿上大衣。）Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.（她晚上不敢一個(gè)人出去。）2、need和dare作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后常跟動(dòng)詞不定式,它們有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)等形態(tài)變化。在構(gòu)成否定和疑問(wèn)形式時(shí)與其他及物動(dòng)詞一樣，要用助動(dòng)詞does或did等。例如：Hedidn’tneedtogotoschooltoday.（今天你不必上學(xué)。）Theyneededanexcuseandsoonfoundone.（他們需要借口，不久便找到了一個(gè)。）oughtto和shouldoughtto和should作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用，都是.“應(yīng)該分“應(yīng)當(dāng)”的意思。oughtto語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)指客觀上有責(zé)任、有義務(wù)去做某事，或按觀念和道理也應(yīng)對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)。Should指主觀上認(rèn)為有責(zé)任和義務(wù)去做，但語(yǔ)意不如ghtto強(qiáng)。例如：Yououghttorespectyourteachers.（你們應(yīng)該尊敬你們的老師。）Weshouldbecarefulofothersfeelings.（我們應(yīng)該尊重別人的感情。）（一）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：Hisgrandmother__in1985.Shehasbeen fortenyears.A.died,diedB.dead,dead C.dying,deathD.died,dead一Howlong youthebicycle? Abouttwoweeks.A.have,had B.have,bought C.didbuyD.have,getBecauseof2008BeijingOlympics,allofChinesetryingtomakegreatcontributionsto ourenvironment.A.protectB.protected C.protectsD.protectingThousandsofpeopletookourpartintheundevelopedland.A.openingoutB.openingupC.openupD.openwith5?一YourspokenEnglishismuchbetter.一Thankyou.MyteacheroftenasksusEnglish.A.tospeakmanyB.nottospeakmuchC.tospeakmuchD.nottospeakmoreMr.ZhangoftenteacheshisJapanesefriendsChinesefoodA.cookB.cooksC.cookedD.tocookThesupermarketisfarfromMary'shouse.Sosheonlyonceaweek.A.goesshopping B.hasbeenthereC.hasgonethereHerethebus!A.come B.comesC.comingMaryisoftenathomeonweekendsandtimewithhergrandparents.A.spendB.takes C.spendsMyfathertoldmethattheearthroundwhenIwasachild.A.isB.wasC.beWhenshewas22yearsold,herdreamtobeateacher.A.cometrueB.willcometrueC.cametrue--Lindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,?-No,shegotuptoolate.A.didsheB.hadn,tsheC.didn,tsheI totheparkwhenIwasachild.A.oftengoB.usedtogoC.amusedtogoingIfIthreeheadsandsixhands,Iwouldcarrythehugerockbymyself.A.haveB.willhaveC.hadIwaswatchingTVwhenastrangemanintomyhouse.A.wascomingB.cameC.iscoming16--Whenyouherthegoodnews?--Assoonasshecomesback.A.do,tellB.did,bringC.will,tell.Mikealwaysmybooksanddoesn,treturnthem.WhatshouldIdo?A.keepsB.lendsC.borrows-Oh,look!It,sJack/smathbook,isn,tit?Buthehasamathtesttoday?--Don,tworry,mum.Iwillittohim.B.takeC.borrowA.bringB.takeC.borrow19.Iaskedmybrothertohisroom.It,srealmess.A.putupB.stayupC.cleanup20.-Myshoesarewornout.-A.Can'ttheybemended? B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost? D.Can'ttheymended?（二）連系動(dòng)詞：1.Mybrother ateacher.He hispupilsverymuch.A.is,like B.is,likesC.are,likesD.are,like2.A:Howmanydays thereinaweek?B:There seven.A.is,is B.are,areC.is,areD.are,is3.I tiredlastnight.A.became B.feltC.lookedD.am4.Herface pale（蒼白）whensheheardthebadnews.A.got B.isC.turnedD.was5.You pale.What'swrongwithyou?A.turn B.seemC.lookD.become6.Theboy illtoday.A.are B.isC.beD.am7.Which bigger,thesunorthemoon?A.are B.isC.beD.x8.NeithershenorI adoctor.A.amnot B.amC.areD.is9.I aworkernextyear.A.am B.willbeC.beD.will10.Hervoice likemymother's.A.sounds B.soundC.looksD.Look（三）助動(dòng)詞：1.Ifitisfinetomorrow,weafootballmatch.A.haveB.willhaveC.hasD.shallhas2.Whenhewasatschool,heearlyandtakeawalkbeforebreakfast.A.willriseB.shallriseC.shouldriseD.wouldrise3.Inthepast30yearsChinagreatadvancesinthesocialistrevolutionandsocialistconstruction.A.hasmadeB.havemadeC.hadmadeD.havingmadegotobeduntilIfinishedmywork.A.don/t/hadB.didn/t/haveC.didn't/hadD.don/t/have.Heliveinthecountrythaninthecity.A.prefersB.likestoC.hadbetterD.wouldrather.Hesaidthathedroppedhisbagwhenheforthebus.A.wasrunningB.wasrunningC.wererunningD.isrunning7.Ifthey,ourplanwillfallflat.A.areco-operatingB.hadnotco-operatedC.won'tco-operateD.don'tco-operate.―yougivemearoomforthenight?IIIaskedonarrivingatthehotel.A.ShouldB.CanC.MightD.May.Therearenineofthem,sogetintothecaratthesametime.A.theymaynotatallB.alltheymaynotC.theycan'tallD.alltheycan't.—Wedidn,tseehimatthelectureyesterday.I—Heit.IA.mustn,tattendB.cannothaveattendedC.wouldhavenotattendedD.needn,thaveattended（四）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：Iyou,becauseIthoughtImustbewrong.A.darenotaskB.darenottoaskC.darenotasking D.daretonotaskTheresomeflowersinthegarden.A.wereusedtobeB.usedtobeC.usestobeD.usedtobehaving"Itakeitout?""I'msorry,you."A.Could...couldn'tB.Might...mightnotC.Could...canD.May...can'tYouwerestupidtoclimbthetree.Youhurtyourself.A.mayB.mightC.willD.mighthaveYouthoseletters.Whydidn'tyou?A.shouldpostB.shouldhavepostedC.musthavepostedD.oughttopost.Allthelightsareon,theSmithsup.A.mustgetB.isgettingC.mustbegettingD.wouldgetHeleadahorsetothewaterbuthenotmakeitdrink.A.will...canB.may...canC.may...daresD.dare...can"Needwedothisjobnow?""Yes,."A.youneedB.youshouldC.youmustD.youcantohavelunchwithustoday?A.DoyoulikesB.WouldyoulikeC.WillyoulikesD.HaveyoulikedHesaidthatyouwatchTValltheeveningifyouwished.A.may