Unit 3 Getting along with others 課時作業(yè)（三）-高三英語一輪復習牛津譯林版（2020）必修第一冊

課時作業(yè)（三）必修一Unit3GettingalongwithothersI.閱讀理解A（2022·高三湖北十一校聯(lián)考）Weallknowthatfriendsarespecialpeoplewhomweshareourliveswith,andwhosharetheirliveswithusinreturn.Butseekingfriendsandkeepingthefriendshipgoingarenevereasy.AccordingtoresearchrecentlypublishedintheJournalofSocialandPersonalRelationships,thekeyistouse“we-talk”.LedbyUniversityofCaliforniapsychologistMeganRobbinsandhercolleagues,theresearchersreviewedandanalyzed30differentstudiesinvolvingover5,000participants.Thislargest-everanalysisof“we-talk”suggestedthatthefrequentuseof“we”and“us”islinkedtohappierandhealthierrelationships.Theword“we”movespeoplefromanindividualpositionintoapartnership,whichmakesusmoreinterdependent.“Thepronounsofferaninsightintowhetherpeopleseethemselvesasindividualsoraspartofawhole.Worduseisawindowintowhatpeoplearethinkingandfeelingwithoutaskingthem,”RobbinstoldScienceDaily.Theirresearchalsofoundthat“we-talk”ishelpfulinresolvingconflicts.“Theprimarypointisthatinterdependencemaybringaboutsupportiveandrelationship-centeredbehavioursandpositiveperceptions(看法)ofthepartner-especiallyimportantintimesofstressandconflict,”saidstudyauthorAlexanderKaran.US-basedmagazinePsychologyTodayusedtheword“union”todescribetheimpactonapartneruponhearing“we-talk”.Contraryto“we-talk”,thereis“I-talk”,whichreferstothefrequentuseoffirst-personsingularpronouns,suchas“I”,“me”,and“mine”,whenwritingorspeaking.Earlierthisyear,researchersfromtheUniversityofArizona,US,analyzedasetofdatathatcamefrom4,700peopleinGermanyandtheUS.Theyfoundthattoomuch“I-talk”isanaccuratelinguisticmarkerforthelikelihoodthatsomeoneisfeelingstressedorexperiencingnegativeemotions.“Ifyouarespeakinginapersonalcontext—soyou’respeakingaboutsomethingthat’sofrelevancetoyou,”leadresearcherAllisonTackmantoldTheIndependent.“Butifyou’recommunicatinginacontextthat’smoreimpersonal,suchasdescribingapicture,wedidnotseetherelationshipemerge.”Asyoucanseefromthetwostudies,toomuch“I-talk”canmakeyoufeeldepressed.But“we-talk”canencourageyoutobecomemorepositiveandcreatearippleeffect(連鎖反應(yīng))ofhealthyinterdependencewithothers.Sonexttimeyou'retalkingtoafriend,tryusingmore“we-talk”.Youmayfindyourselffeelingmorepositive—andtheeffectitwillhaveonyourfriendwillbepositiveaswell.1.AccordingtoMeganRobbinsandhercolleagues’research,wecaninferthefollowingEXCEPT.A.toomuch“I-talk”certainlyindicatespressureordepressionB.morethan5,000peoplewereinvolvedintheirresearchC.themoreweuse“we”andus”,thehappierwemayfeelD.“we-talk”mayhelpusbuildbetterteamworkinourwork2.Whatcanbethebenefitof“we-talk”？A.Wemayavoidargumentsandconflictswithit.B.Itmayhelppromotefriendshipinourlife.C.Itcanhelpproduceafeelingofindividualism.D.Wecanbecomemoreindependentofothers.3.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph8mean?A.Apersontendstouse“I-talk”toomuchifheisexperienced.B.“I-talk”isanexactlinguisticmarkerforpeople’sfeelings.C.Ifapersonuses“I-talk”alot,heisprobablyinabadmood.D.Itispossiblethatsomeonelikes“I-talk”whenheisinanimpersonalcontext.4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Using“we-talk"contributestobuildinggoodsocialrelationships.B.Theimportanceofchoosingthewordinourdailyconversation.C.Usingtoomuch“I-talk”mayleadyoutobecomeupset.D.Introductionto“we-talk"inourdailycommunication.B（2022·南通市高三調(diào)研）Thereismorethatcomeswitholderagethangreyinghairandwrinkledskin.Whenhumansreachtheirlateryears,theyfavourmoreestablishedfriendsandtheirsocialcirclesarereduced.Now,forwhatappearstobethefirsttime,scientistshaveseenthesamebehaviourinanotherspecies.Twentyyearsofobservationsofchimpanzees(黑猩猩)revealthatoldermaleschoosetohangoutwiththeirlong-termfriendsattheexpenseofotherrelationships.Theresearchersstudied78,000hoursofobservationsmadebetween1996and2016thatfollowedthesocialinteractionsof21malechimpanzeesbetweentheagesof15and58yearsold.Theyclassifiedthechimps’relationshipsdependingontheamountoftimetheysatwithothersandgroomedthem.Theythenratedthevariouspairingsasmutual(相互的)friendships,wherebothchimpsrelationshipseemedtoenjoytherelationship;one-sidedfriendships,whereonechimpwasmorekeentobeafriendthantheother;andnon-friendships,whereneitherchimpshowedinterestintheother.Whenthescientistslookedatthepatternsoffriendships,theyfoundthattheolderchimpshadmoremutualfriendshipsandfewerone-sidedfriendshipsthanyoungerchimps.Anotherfeatureseeninolderhumanswasalsospottedinthechimps.Asthemalesgotolder,theirlevelsofaggression(挑釁)tailedoff,meaningtheystartedfewerfightsandtendedtointimidateothersintheirgrouplessoften.Theobservationshavelefttheresearcherspuzzled.Accordingtoanideainpsychologyknownassocioemotionalselectivitytheory,orSST,olderhumansprefermorepositiverelationshipsbecausetheyareawaretimeisrunningout.Butmanyanimalexpertsarguethatchimpanzeeslackthehumansenseofmortality,suggestingsomethingelseisdrivingthebehaviour.RobinDunbar,aprofessorofevolutionarypsychologyattheUniversityofOxford,saidinhumans,thedeclineinsocialcircleswithageisduetothedecliningsocialmotivationtogetoutandmeetpeoplecombinedwithlackofopportunity.Inchimpanzees,asoldermalescompetelessformates,theymayfocusonclosereciprocalrelationshipswithtrustedpartners,Robinsaid.5.Whatdooldermalechimpanzeesfavour?A.Oldfriendships. B.Newbonds. C.Greyinghair. D.Wrinkledskin.6.Howdidtheresearchersdrawtheirconclusionaboutchimpanzees?A.Byturningtootherscientists. B.Byintroducinganewconcept.C.Byformingrelationshipswiththem. D.Byanalyzingabouttwodecades’observations.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimidate”inParagraph4mean?A.Threaten. B.Motivate. C.Defend. D.Accompany.8.AccordingtoRobinDunbar,whataccountsfordecliningsocialcirclesinchimpanzees?A.Awarenessoftime. B.Lesscompetitionformates.C.Lowmotivationforsocialization. D.Lackofthehumansenseofmortality.II.完形填空（2022·福建省高三質(zhì)檢）WhenLeahwas10,shesawaneedforchangeintheworld.“Peoplearesupposedtoshow1andsympathy,”shesays.“Butthatwasn’thappening.”Leahdecidedto2herhand-madebracelets(手鐲)atalocaleventandaskedeachpersonwhogotonetodoakinddeedforsomeoneelse.Anote3toeachbraceletsaid,“Let’sjustshowotherpeopletheyare4.”AsLeahgaveoutbracelets,5spread.Shebegantoreceivebraceletrequestsworldwide,andtohearfrompeoplewho’ddeliveredkinddeeds.Oneperson6atiredstoreclerkwithsandwiches.Anotherpaidforastranger’scoffee.“Astorythat7touchedmyheartwasthatsomeoneestablishedahomelesscamp!”shesays.WhenLeahcouldn’t8requestsforthebracelets,shebegansellingwristbands(腕帶)with“KindnessTravels”ontheoutsideand“kind”ontheinsidein9languages.Sofar,shehassentout10,000wristbands.Shehas10apartyforkidsatahomelessshelter,paidrentforhurricane11andmore,usingthemoneyfromwristbands12anddonations.Leahhopesto13otherkidswhowanttohelpothers.“Justcomeupwithideas!Neverbe14,”shesays.“Ageisjusta15.Youalwayshavethepowertodosomething.”1.A.pleasure B.patience C.love D.curiosity2.A.pickup B.putaway C.showoff D.handout3.A.compared B.attached C.opened D.connected4.A.ignored B.infected C.valued D.engaged5.A.word B.passion C.anxiety D.happiness6.A.bothered B.surprised C.upset D.embarrassed7.A.genuinely B.hardly C.slightly D.relatively8.A.deny B.advance C.meet D.delay9.A.native B.complex C.natural D.different10.A.attended B.organized C.canceled D.postponed11.A.victims B.researchers C.reporters D.observers12.A.sales B.funds C.designs D.advertisements13.A.respect B.contact C.recommend D.encourage14.A.mean B.scared C.content D.proud15.A.gap B.problem C.number D.barrierIII.寫作（2022·大連市高三質(zhì)檢）高中時你一定參加過很多社會實踐活動。請你為班級英語角寫一篇短文，介紹一次難忘的社會實踐活動，內(nèi)容包括：1.時間、地點；2.活動過程；3.個人感受。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.題目已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。AnUnforgettableSocialPracticeActivity課時作業(yè)（三）I.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，和朋友談話時頻繁使用“we-talk”會使談話更舒服，更快樂。1.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的theresearchersreviewed...over5,000participants可知，應(yīng)排除B項；根據(jù)第三段中的thefrequentuseof...happierandhealthierrelationships可知，應(yīng)排除C項；根據(jù)第四段中Theword“we”...makesusmoreinterdependent.可知，應(yīng)排除D項。A項不屬于MeganRobbins和她的同事們的研究結(jié)果，故選A.2.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Theword“we”...makesusmoreinterdependent.可知，“我們”這個詞使人們從個人的立場轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楹献麝P(guān)系，這使我們更加相互依賴，故選B.3.C句意理解題。根據(jù)畫線句的意思（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，太多的“I-talk”是一個準確的語言標志，表明一個人可能正感到緊張或正經(jīng)歷負面情緒）可知，如果一個人使用太多“I-talk”，說明這個人可能心情不好，故選C.4.A主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的Butseekingfriendsandkeepingthefriendshipgoingarenevereasy.和第二段內(nèi)容以及第三段中的thefrequentuseof...happierandhealthierrelationships可知，本文主要講述談話時使用“we-talk”有助于建立良好的社交關(guān)系，故選A.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。科學家們通過研究1996年至2016年間對猩猩的觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)，年老的黑猩猩與年老的人類有類似之處：他們更喜歡與老朋友交往、交際圈也變小了。5.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Twentyyearsofobservationsofchimpanzees(黑猩猩)...attheexpenseofotherrelationships.可知，年老的黑猩猩更喜歡與老朋友交往。6.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Theresearchersstudied78,000hoursofobservationsmadebetween1996and2016可知，研究者們是通過分析約20年的觀察得出結(jié)論的。7.A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的theirlevelsofaggression(挑釁)tailedoff,meaningtheystartedfewerfights可推知，此處表示“威脅團體中的他人的這種行為不經(jīng)常發(fā)生了”。8.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Inchimpanzees,asoldermalescompetelessformates,theymayfocusonclosereciprocalrelationshipswithtrustedpartners可知，年老的黑猩猩更少地為伴侶而競爭，他們可能專注于信任的伙伴間的親近的、互惠的關(guān)系。II.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Leah在10歲時看到世界需要改變，于是她決定在一場本地活動中分發(fā)手工制作的手鐲，并請求得到手鐲的人為他人做一件好事。后來她開始賣帶有“傳遞善良”字樣的腕帶，并用所得的錢與捐贈物幫助更多的人。1.C根據(jù)下文講述Leah分發(fā)手工制作的手鐲，并請求收到手鐲的人為他人做一件好事可知，人們應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)出愛和同情。2.D根據(jù)第三段中的AsLeahgaveoutbracelets可知，Leah是在分發(fā)手鐲。3.B此處是指在每