【語法課件】it的用法

英語復(fù)習專題It的用法

it是常見代詞之一，它既可以指代時間、地點、天氣、距離等，還能作形式主語或形式賓語，同時可以引起強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，是歷年高考熱點之一。現(xiàn)結(jié)合高考試題對其用法作一介紹。一、用來表示時間、天氣、地點、距離、環(huán)境、形勢等。例如：Itistwomilestothebeach.這里到海濱有兩英里。Itwasraininginthemorning.今天早晨下著雨。Ifit’sconvenientIcanseeyoutomorrow.如果方便，我明天能見你。it表示時間常用于句型：1、Itis/hasbeen＋一段時間＋since從句。意為“自……以來已有多長時間了”或“自不……以來已有多長時間了”。例如：1）Itis/hasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon(P.136SEFCBook2B)自從我上次到倫敦，已經(jīng)有許多年了。2）It’salongtimesincewemetlast.(P.89JEFCBook3)自從我們上次見面以來已經(jīng)有很長一段時間了。2、Itis/was/willbe+一段時間+before從句。表示“在（做某事）前過了多長時間”，或“過了多長時間才……”。如：Butit________morethan100yearsbeforethecountrybeginsonceagaintolookasitdidbefore.但是在100年之后，這個國家才能恢復(fù)到以前的樣子。willbe二、用來指代人。說明某人的身份或者做某事的人；指代嬰兒或兒童；在不清楚某人性別時，也可使用it，尤其在問答的形式中更為常見。例如：

1.---Look,someoneiscoming.Whocanitbe?---Itmaybetheheadmaster.---Itcan’tbehim.HehasgonetoShanghai.---ItmustbeMr.Zhang.Helooksliketheheadmaster.2.____DoctorStone,isn’tit?She’susuallygood.ThatisB.ItisC.ThisisD.Sheis3.----IsthatDoctorStone?----Yeah.----Whois___?A.thisB.thatC.sheD.it三、用來指代前文中的內(nèi)容，或指代整個主句。如：1.Takeyourpoundofflesh!Ideclarethecourtallowsitandthelawgivesittoyou.割下你要的那一磅肉吧！我宣布法庭允許你這么做，法律把那一磅肉判給你了。2.Ifitispossible,holdupthepartofthebodywhichisbleeding.如果可能的話，就把出血的部位抬起來。3.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm，Ihadexpected_______tobemuchbetter．A．thatB．thisC．oneD．it4.Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,___didn'thelp.heB.whichC.sheD.butit

5.ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows___.A.itwhattodowithB.howtodealwithitC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwith6.TheParkersboughtanewhouse,___willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A．butthatB．butitC．oneD．which7.Iloveswimming,____keepsmefit.

anditB.whichC.itD.as8.Theysaidtheyhadfinishedthework,but___.Ican’tbelieveitB.whatIcan’tbelieveC.whichIcan’tbelieveD.Idon’tbelieve四、在一些相對固定的詞組中出現(xiàn)，沒有特殊含義，經(jīng)常不翻譯。如：He’sneverreallymadeitasanactor.作為演員，他從未獲得過真正的成功。

Itismyturn．輪到我了。3.That’sjustit---Ican’tworkwhenyou’remakingsomuchnoise.原因就在這兒---你們這么吵，我沒法工作。4.____.I’vegotsomuchworkIdon’tknowwheretostart.

Whatanawful!B.It’sawful!C.Thatwasawful!D.Asisawful,5.___withyou?

___Verywell,thankyou.WhatisgoingonB.Howisitgoing

C.Howiseverythinggoing

D.Whatisup五、指代不定式、動名詞、從句等，用作形式主語或形式賓語。如：___alwaysdifficulttobeinaforeigncountry,especiallyifyoudon’tspeakthelanguage.ThatisalwaysB.ItisalwaysC.ItwillbealwaysD.Thatwillalwaysbe2.Wemustmake___tothepublicthatsomethingshouldbedonetostoppollution.WhatisclearB.itisclearC.itclearD.thatclear3.Ihate__whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them

4.___onedaytheywillhaveenoughanimalstosetthemfree.ItishopedforB.whatishopedthatC.AsishopedthatD.Itishopedthat5.____insidehisheartwasbeatingwildlywithfear.A.ItappearedcalmbutB.Heappearedcalm,butC.WhatappearedcalmwasD.Itwasappearedcalm,but用it作形式主語或形式賓語的句型主要有:It+be+adj./n.(forsb./ofsb)+todosth.It+be+fun/awasteoftime/nogood/nousedoingsth.It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句It＋be＋形容詞＋that從句5、It＋be＋名詞（詞組）＋that從句Isitpossiblenecessarytotellhisfathereverything?Infactitisahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.Idon’tthinkitpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.Howsillyofyouitistohavedoneit!It+be+adj./n.(forsb./ofsb)+todosth.

注意：該句型中的形容詞通常是表示事物的特點或特征的如difficult，hard，easy，impossible，necessary，important等，此時用for；表示人的性格特征或特點的如nice，good，bad，kind，silly，foolish，wise，clever，careless，rude，brave，cruel，careful，grateful等，這時要用of。It+be+fun/awasteoftime/nogood/nousedoingsth.___tojumpintoariveronahotsummerday!HowfunitisB.WhatfunitisC.WhatfunofitisD.WhatafunitisItisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.[諺]牛奶已潑，哭也無用。It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句Itissaid,reported,announced,hoped,thought，told，believed，expected，decided，suggested,known+that從句該句型通常可以轉(zhuǎn)換成sb/sthissaidthat…如：Itissaidthatthebookwastranslatedintomanylanguagesin1950.Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguagesin1950.It＋be＋形容詞＋that從句

可用于此句型的形容詞還有wonderful，true，good，right，wrong，important，useless，surprising，clear，unusual，lucky，certain等。如：1）Itisquitecertainthathewillnotmakeaspeechatthemeeting.2）Itisimportantthatwe(should)studyhard.5、It＋be＋名詞（詞組）＋that從句。適用該句型的名詞（詞組）還有apity，anhonor，agoodthing，afact，asurprise，goodnews等。如：1）Itisapity(that)youmissedthesportsmeetinglastweek.2）___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It6、It＋seem／appear／happen的適當形式＋that從句。該句型?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成含不定式的簡單句。如：1）Itseemsthatthereisabigwastepipecomingdownfromthetown.→Thereseemstobeabigwastepipecomingdownfromthetown.2）Heappearedcalm,butinsidehisheartwasbeatingwildlywithfear.→Itappearedthathewascalm,butinsidehisheartwasbeatingwildlywithfear.7、Itdoesn‘tmatter（It’snowonder；Itdoesn‘tmaketoomuchdifference等）＋when/where/which/whether等從句。如：1）Does___matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it2）Theyareallclassmates．___isnowonder___theyshouldhelpeachotherwiththeirstudies．（上海98）A．This；whetherB．It；ifC．That；thatD．It；that8、S.+v.it+adj./n./+不定式或從句。常用于這一句型的動詞有find,consider,feel,make,think等。如：1）…h(huán)efounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.2）Iwanttomakeitclearwhethersheisstillatschool.3）IfeelitourdutytostudyEnglishwell.4）Idon'tthink___possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.(NMET90)A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it1.WasitBill,___playsfootballwell,___helpedtheblindmancrosstheroad.that/thatB.who/thatC.who/whoC.that/who

六、it用來引起強調(diào)句型解析Who引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾Bill;that指代被強調(diào)部分Bill.2.Itwasintheschool,___Ioncestudied,___weheldaparty.正是在我曾經(jīng)就讀的那所學校我們舉行了一次聚會.where/thatB.inwhich/thatC.that/whereD.that/inwhich解析whereIoncestudied非限定性定語從句修飾school。3.Itwasinthe1990s,___greatchangesweretakingplaceinchina,___hemadealotofmoney.

正是在中國發(fā)生著巨大變化的二十世紀九十年代,他掙了大把的鈔票.that/whenB.duringwhich/thatC.when/thatD.that/that解析強調(diào)部分inthe1990s后跟了一個非限定性定語從句。4.---Wheredidyoumeethim?---Itwasinthepark____hiswifeandhefirstmet.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.when這是個強調(diào)舉行的省略句，完整句子是：ItwasintheparkwherehiswifeandhefirstmetthatImethim.解析4.---Doyoustillremember___youlostyourwallet?---Yeah.Itwasatthecrossing___Igotlost.wherewasit/thatB.wherewasit/thatC.Theplacewhere/whereD.whereitwasthat/where第一個空是強調(diào)句型用作賓語從句；第二空where引導定語從句，后邊省略了thatlostmywallet.解析5.Itwasfiveo'clockintheafternoon___theyclimbeduptothetopofthemountain．A．sinceB．whenC．thatD．untilfiveo’clockintheafternoon不能獨立作時間狀語，不能作為一個強調(diào)部分；atfiveo’clock才可以構(gòu)成獨立的時間狀語。解析6.----Canit__themanagerthattalkedtoyourbrother?----No.It___someoneelsethatspoketoyourbrother.be/musthavebeenB.havebeen/musthavebeenC.havebeen/mustbeD.be/mustbe

解析這是強調(diào)句型表示判斷的用法，對過去情況推測、判斷。1._____intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.

A.WhatisrequiredB.Whatrequires

C.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires(2005上海)

綜合練習解析It在此作形式主語，實際賓語為thatyoushould….2.Catherineboughtapostcardoftheplaceshewasvisiting,addressed____

to_____andthenposteditatthenearbypostoffice.(2006安徽)

A.it;herB.it;herselfC.herself;herD.herself;herself

addressedittoherself,it代指thepostcard;意思是“在明信片上寫上自己的地址寄給她自己。解析3.AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade_____herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople'saffairsinthattown.

A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it(2006湖南)

解析It為形式賓語，指代不定式tolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.4.___isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.(2006浙江)

A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.It

解析It形式主語指代thatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,…5.I'dappreciate_____ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.

A.thatB.itC.thisD.you(2006山東)解析It為形式賓語，指代ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.6.Idon‘tlikeworkinglateintothenight，butIcan’thelp_____.A.soB.thatC.itD.them.解析Icanhelpit.為習慣用法，意思是“我實在控制不住”，“這不能怪我”。全句意思是“我不想熬夜，但我控制不住自己。

7.IpreferaflatinInvernessto_______inPerth,becauseIwanttolivenearmyMom's.

A.oneB.thatC.itD.this(2005天津)

One不定代詞，指代aflatinPerth。全句的意思是：我更在Inverness有一套房子，而不是在Perth，因為我想住在我媽媽附近。解析8.We'vebeenlookingathousesbuthaven'tfound____welikeyet.

A.oneB.onesC.itD.what

解析考查不定代詞的用法。one指代ahouse;whatwelike我們喜歡的東西，指房子。9.Thedoctoradvisedstronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but____didn'thelp.

A.itB.sheC.whichD.heIt指代前文中的事情。解析10.Carsdocauseussomehealthproblems–infactfarmoreserious_____thanmobilephonesdo.

A.oneB.onesC.itD.those

解析Ones指的是前邊的problems,farmoreseriousonesthanmobilephonesdo是前邊healthproblems的同位語,對healthproblems進行補充說明。11.Iintendedtocomparenoteswithafriend,butunfortunately______couldn't

sparemeevenoneminute.

A.theyB.oneC.whoD.it從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上，可排除選項C；從代詞的意義上可排除D；根據(jù)前半句的意思，句中的afriend指任意一個朋友，可理解為afriend0fmine．而后半句意指“我”這些朋友們，為復(fù)數(shù)。解析12.Ilike____in