【講座】高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空解題和復(fù)習(xí)策略

語(yǔ)法填空的解題技巧和復(fù)習(xí)策略

一、設(shè)題要求

二、解題技巧

三、復(fù)習(xí)策略

語(yǔ)法填空語(yǔ)法填空主要考查考生通過語(yǔ)篇，依據(jù)上下文信息詞合理串并線索、還原缺失信息的能力。共10小題，每小題1.5分。在一篇200詞左右的短文中留出10個(gè)空白，部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式，要求考生根據(jù)上下文在空白處填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或所提供單詞的正確形式。形式：有給提示詞；沒有給提示詞答題時(shí)間：約為10分鐘

一、設(shè)題要求二、解題技巧給提示詞的解題技巧：名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞1、名詞第一步、考慮名詞單復(fù)數(shù)；第二步、考慮名詞所有格；第三步、考慮詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞或副詞)

名詞考點(diǎn)1、考慮名詞單復(fù)數(shù)；1.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界）asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffects(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease.（2017全國(guó)1）2.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible

crowds(crowd)ontheroadsabove.

（2017全國(guó)2）3.Shehadturneddownseveral

invitations(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.（2017全國(guó)3）4.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew

days(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,theotheriswithmum.（2016全國(guó)1）5.Recent

studies(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.（2016全國(guó)2）6.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings(painting).(2015全國(guó)Ⅰ

)7.Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe

changes(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork.（2014全國(guó)1）名詞考點(diǎn)1:考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)（主要從四個(gè)考試方向考慮）2.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)，名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)確定名詞為復(fù)數(shù)。3.名詞前有oneof時(shí),名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1.some,several,many,all,both,these等詞所修飾的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。4.不定冠詞a,an后用名詞單數(shù)形式。

名詞考點(diǎn)2.考查名詞所有格(2011·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)WhenIfinallyarrivedatmy

friend’s(friend)helentmelotsofclothes.2.Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedbyits(it)mother.(2016全國(guó)1）

名詞考點(diǎn)3.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞)However,be

careful(care)nottogotoextremes.(2017全國(guó)1)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost

successful(success)ofthesenewlines.(2017全國(guó)2）3.Asnatural(nature)architects,theIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthickthewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2015全國(guó)Ⅱ)4.Justbe

patient(patience).(2014全國(guó)Ⅰ)ce變t:absence,confidence,consequence,dependence,independence,evidence,importance,silence,

violenceabsent,confident,consequent,dependent,independent,evident,important,silent,violent4.Justbe________(patience).patientconfidentviolent1)Freshfruitsandvegetablesare

_________(importance)toourhealth.2)Hebecamemore

________

(confidence)andrelaxed.3)The_______(violence)stormoutsideisjustthe

tipoftheiceberg.important給提示詞的解題技巧2、動(dòng)詞第一步、確定所給動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ)；

第二步、如果是謂語(yǔ)，判斷時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致；

第三步、如果是非謂語(yǔ)，判斷用doing,done,todo；

第四步、如果此空不填入動(dòng)詞，則考慮詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。(動(dòng)詞變名詞、形容詞或副詞）

考點(diǎn)1.考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：判斷時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致be1.Fastfood

isfulloffatandsalt;(2017全國(guó)1)2.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow

is(be)oftenacceptable.(2016全國(guó)2)3.Yangshuo

is(be)reallybeauty.(2015全國(guó)1)

考點(diǎn)1.考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：be5.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand

were(be)betooviolentforuseatthetable.(2016全國(guó)3)6.It

was(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.（2014全國(guó)1）

考點(diǎn)1.考查謂語(yǔ)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.Butatthemoment,school

comes(come)first.(2017全國(guó)3）2.Whateveritis,make(make)sureit’sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.(2016全國(guó)2）3.Thiscycle

goes(go)dayafterday.（2015全國(guó)2）

考點(diǎn)1.考查謂語(yǔ)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)4.Later,engineers

managed(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels,whichbecameknownastheTube.(2017全國(guó)2)5.ItwasraininglightlywhenI

arrived(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.(2015全國(guó)1)6.Onemorning……Aboyonabikecaught(catch)myattention.（2014全國(guó)2）

考點(diǎn)1.考查謂語(yǔ)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.Whenfatandsalt

areremoved(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.(2017全國(guó)1)2.Steamengines

wereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.(2017全國(guó)2）3.I

wasallowedtogetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.(2016全國(guó)1）4.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight

bemade(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.(2016全國(guó)3)

考點(diǎn)2.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：判斷用doing,done,todo（1）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)v.+doing1.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,laying(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.(2017全國(guó)2)2.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude

introducing(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.(2016全國(guó)1）3.Still,theboykept

riding(ride).(2014全國(guó)2）

考點(diǎn)2.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)v.+todo4.ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants

toprove(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017全國(guó)3)5.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused

tostop(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.（2014全國(guó)2）

考點(diǎn)2.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)be+adj.+todo1.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely

tobring(bring)yourworkhome.(2016全國(guó)2)2.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenoughtocool(cool)thehouseduringthehotday..(2015全國(guó)2)

考點(diǎn)2.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)介詞+doingFastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by

eating(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(2017全國(guó)1)2.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout

using(use)electricequipment.(2015全國(guó)2）3.Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout

being(be)lateforschool.(2014全國(guó)1）

考點(diǎn)2.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：（2）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)1.Theyarerequired

toprocess(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.(2017全國(guó)1)2.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term

resting(rest).(2017全國(guó)3）3.Ittookyearsofwork

toreduce(reduce)theindustrualpollutionandcleanthewater.(2014全國(guó)1）

考點(diǎn)2.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：（3）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)1.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter

permitted(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016全國(guó)1)2.Astudyoftravelersconducted(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisor

names

Yangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.(2015全國(guó)1）

考點(diǎn)2.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：（3）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)3.Theadobedwellingsbuilt(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthweat

areadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.(2015全國(guó)2)4.Itregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople

living(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.(2015全國(guó)1）

考點(diǎn)2.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：（4）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,using(use)twigstoremoveit.(2016全國(guó)3)2.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetaltocreate(create)specialdesigns.(2016全國(guó)3)doing主動(dòng)進(jìn)行done被動(dòng)完成todo目的將來（5）.Itisinthecoldestpartofwinter,withthewind_________(howl)

outside.

with+n.+doing主動(dòng)with+n.+done被動(dòng)with+n.+todo將來

howling

考點(diǎn)3.考查動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞、形容詞、副詞（1）動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞1.Thisdeelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththeintroduction(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesknownastheTube.(2017全國(guó)2）2.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher

education(educate).(2017全國(guó)3）3.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstopattraction(attract).(2016全國(guó)1）

4.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof

achievement(achieve).(2016全國(guó)2）5.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe

development(develop)ofchopsticks.(2016全國(guó)3）

（2）動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞1.Whilethereareamazing(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.(2014全國(guó)卷1)2.Someofthemlookedveryanxiousand

disappointed(disappoint).(2014全國(guó)卷2)surprise,amaze,shock,astonish,please,excite,interest,amuse,confuse,satisfy分詞形容詞surprised,amazed,shocked,astonished,pleased,excited,interested,amused,confused,satisfiedsurprising,amazing,shocking,astonishing,pleasing,exciting,interesting,amusing,confusing,satisfyingconfusedinteresting1）Iwasso

______(excite)

Icouldhardlyfallasleeplastnight.

2）ThingswerehappeningtooquicklyandMarywas

________(confuse).3)Yougetan

_________(interest)

mealforareasonableprice.excited給提示詞的解題技巧3、形容詞、副詞第一步、考慮形容詞、副詞相互轉(zhuǎn)換；形容詞：修飾名詞、系動(dòng)詞之后副詞：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞及整個(gè)句子第二步、考慮形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)；第三步、考慮此形容詞或副詞的反義詞或詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞）。

考點(diǎn)1.形容詞、副詞相互轉(zhuǎn)換1.Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairly(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.(2017全國(guó)2)2.Itiscertainly(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.(2017全國(guó)3）3.Thetitlewillbeofficially(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.(2016全國(guó)1）4.Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly(regular).(2016全國(guó)2）

5.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhichgradually(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.(2017全國(guó)2)6.AbercrombieandKent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeoplelivinginShanghaiandHongKong.(2015全國(guó)1)7.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesononhotdaysandgiveoutthatheatslowly(slow)duringcoolnights.(2015全國(guó)2）

8.Theriverwassopollutedthatitactually(actual)caughtfireandburned.(2014全國(guó)1)9.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers

suddenly(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.(2014全國(guó)2)

考點(diǎn)2.考查形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)；1.Even

worse(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeoplewilleatgoes(2017全國(guó)1)2.Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentifythoseofgreater(great)and

lessimportance.(2016全國(guó)2）3.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveriscleaner(clean)thanever.(2014全國(guó)1）比較級(jí)的句型及標(biāo)志詞1、“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”越來越2、the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)越……,越……3.keywords:than，有much,agreatdeal，alot,alittle,abit,even修飾形容詞或副詞用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣最高級(jí)的標(biāo)志詞：the+最高級(jí),in,of表范圍

考點(diǎn)3.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞）

1.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir

ability(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.(2015全國(guó)2）

給提示詞的解題技巧4、代詞考慮代詞的其他形式，如人稱代詞的主格和賓格、物主代詞和反身代詞等。1.Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedbyits(it)mother.(2016全國(guó)1）2.Afewhoursbefore,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,withits(it)chokingsmog.(2016全國(guó)1)3.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“Didanyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Ohdear!It’s

me/mine(I).(2014全國(guó)2)

沒給提示詞的解題技巧1、代詞(1)如果句子中缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，往往用代詞的主格、賓格、反身代詞或it。(2)如果橫線后面是名詞，而且名詞的意義不完整，則在橫線上加冠詞或物主代詞等。1.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peopleusing

iteveryday.(2017全國(guó)2）

沒給提示詞的解題技巧2、冠詞如果橫線后面是名詞，而且名詞的意義不完整，則在橫線上加冠詞或物主代詞等。（1）固定短語(yǔ)中的冠詞（2）冠詞的泛指、特指

（3）形容詞最高級(jí)前1.Asa

result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.(2017全國(guó)1）2.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthe

top.(2017全國(guó)2）3.Instead,sheisearning$6500adayas

a

modelinNewYork.(2017全國(guó)3）

4.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,the

otheriswithmum.(2016全國(guó)1）5.Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor

a

while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.(2016全國(guó)2）

6.TheadobedwellingsbuiltbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhe

mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.(2015全國(guó)2）7.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneofthemostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.(2014全國(guó)1）

沒給提示詞的解題技巧3、介詞如果橫線后是名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式，它的意義是完整的，不缺少限定詞，往往加介詞。(1)介詞的基本用法(2)介詞固定搭配1.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunityas

amethodoffightingheartdisease,hasbadsomeunintendedsideeffects.(2017全國(guó)1）

2.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreein

engineeringorarchitecture.(2017全國(guó)3）

沒給提示詞的解題技巧3、介詞(2)介詞固定搭配Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.(2017全國(guó)2）2.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s.(2016全國(guó)1）3.Mostofusaremorefocused

onourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.(2016全國(guó)2）

沒給提示詞的解題技巧3、介詞(2)介詞固定搭配4.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeatwith

theirhands.(2016全國(guó)卷3)ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhourawayby

carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.(2015全國(guó)卷1)Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenoughtocoolthehouseduringthehotday;at

thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.(2015全國(guó)卷2)

沒給提示詞的解題技巧3、介詞(2)介詞固定搭配7.Igotaplacenext

tothewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.(2014全國(guó)2）沒

給提示詞的解題技巧4、連詞并列單詞、短語(yǔ)或者并列句時(shí)，通常選擇連詞and,but,or。

連接兩個(gè)句子時(shí)要根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是并列句、定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句還是狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意判斷兩句話之間的邏輯關(guān)系。

考點(diǎn)1、并列單詞、短語(yǔ)或者并列句時(shí)，通常選擇連詞and,but,orInmuchofAsia,especiallytheso-called“ricebowl”culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,and

Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.(2016全國(guó)3）

Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays

orevenafewmonths.(2014全國(guó)1）Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed.(2014全國(guó)2）

考點(diǎn)2、定語(yǔ)從句Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,which

isnotgoodforthehealth.(2017全國(guó)1）2.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver

which/that

arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.(2016全國(guó)3）3.Maybeyouhave

ahabit

which/that

isdrivingyourfamilycrazy..(2014全國(guó)1）

4.ButSarah,who

hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017全國(guó)3)5.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,who

livedfromroughly551to479BC,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.(2016全國(guó)3）6.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrecuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016全國(guó)1)

考點(diǎn)3、狀語(yǔ)從句1.Overtime,as/when

thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.(2016全國(guó)3）

考點(diǎn)4、名詞性從句1.Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhow

thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2015全國(guó)2）

沒給提示詞的解題技巧5、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“Didanyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”(2014全國(guó)2）

沒給提示詞的解題技巧6、固定結(jié)構(gòu)及時(shí)間副詞1.So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductiveaspossiblebeforelunch.(2016全國(guó)2）2.Afewhoursbefore/earlier,I’d

beenathomeinHongKong,withitschokingsmog.(2015全國(guó)1）

難點(diǎn)：詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（1）動(dòng)詞、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞Thisdeelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththeintroduction(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesknownastheTube.(2017全國(guó)2）Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher

education(educate).(2017全國(guó)3）B