【課件】人教版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊(cè)Unit3 Sea Exploration單元語(yǔ)法-不定式課件

教選修第四冊(cè)Unit3

SeaExplorationGrammar：動(dòng)詞不定式一、動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)意義一般時(shí)todotobedone表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后完成時(shí)tohavedonetohavebeendone表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)意義進(jìn)行時(shí)tobedoing表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行完成進(jìn)行時(shí)tohavebeendoing表示其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前并且一直在進(jìn)行*Iplantoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.我打算參加明天舉行的會(huì)議。(attend的動(dòng)作在plan之后發(fā)生,且meeting與hold之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系)*Theyaresaidtobestudyingpsychology.據(jù)說他們正在研究心理學(xué)。(besaid與study同時(shí)發(fā)生)*I’mverysorrytohavekeptyousittingarounddoingnothing.讓你一直無所事事閑坐著我很抱歉。(keep發(fā)生在besorry之前)*Noharmseemstohavebeendone.似乎并沒有什么危害發(fā)生。(do發(fā)生在seem之前,且harm與do之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)*Sheisknowntohavebeendealingwiththeproblemsformanyyears.大家知道她處理這類難題已經(jīng)有很多年了。不定式的“被動(dòng)”與“否定”(1)不定式的被動(dòng)式表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)為不定式動(dòng)作的承受者。*It’sagreathonortobeinvitedtoMary’sbirthdayparty.被邀請(qǐng)參加瑪麗的生日聚會(huì)是一件非常榮幸的事情。(2)不定式的否定式通常是將否定詞not或never置于不定式之前,即構(gòu)成nottodo或nevertodo這樣的形式。*Theytookavoteanddecidednottodoit.他們進(jìn)行了表決,決定放棄。*Howmanytimeshasyourmothertoldyounevertotalktostrangers?你母親告訴你多少次了,絕不能和陌生人談話?語(yǔ)法填空(1)Theworldwillbedifferent,andwewillhaveto___________(prepare)toadapttothechange.

(2)Shepretendedto__________(sleep)whenhermothercamein.

(3)Heissaidto_________________(work)inthisfactoryformorethantwentyyears.

bepreparedbesleepinghavebeenworking二、動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能動(dòng)詞不定式可以用來作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ),表示比較具體的意義。1.不定式作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)多表示將來特定的某一次動(dòng)作。*Toblametheworkerwillnotmakeupfortheloss.責(zé)備那個(gè)工人彌補(bǔ)不了損失。*(2018·天津高考)Ittookhimalongtimetoacquiretheskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.他花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才獲得成為一名優(yōu)秀舞者所需的技能。①不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),為了保持句子平衡,往往用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把不定式短語(yǔ)置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。②若要說明不定式的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,可以在不定式前面加上“for/of+n./pron.”結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)形容詞表達(dá)事物的特征時(shí)用forsb.;當(dāng)形容詞表達(dá)人所具有的特征或品質(zhì)時(shí)用ofsb.,這樣的形容詞有careful,cruel,foolish,brave,good,honest,kind,rude,polite,nice,stupid,wise,wrong等。*Itisgenerousofhimtocontributesomuch.他捐獻(xiàn)了這么多真是太慷慨了。*Itisimportantforustolivealow-carbonlife.過低碳生活對(duì)我們來說很重要?！炯磳W(xué)活用】語(yǔ)法填空(1)Itiscommon______(find)thistypeofpoetry,calligraphyart,hanginginpeople’shomes.

(2)Ifyouliveinacoldclimate,itwillbeimportant_______(know)yourdog’slimitsandhowyoucankeepitsafeandwarm.

(3)Itisanhonorforme___________(invite)toattendthemeeting.

tofindtoknowtobeinvited2.不定式作表語(yǔ)不定式作表語(yǔ)主要有三種情況,一是用于seem,appear,prove,turnout等連系動(dòng)詞之后的不定式(尤其是tobe);二是像Myjobistosweepthefloor.(我的工作就是擦地板。)這樣的主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)“等價(jià)”的情形;三是表示想法、約定、義務(wù)、命令、可能性、命運(yùn)等。*Heseemstobeill.

他似乎生病了。*Herwishistobeateacher.

她的愿望就是當(dāng)一名教師。*Wearetomeetatthestationatthree.我們約定3點(diǎn)鐘在車站見面?！炯磳W(xué)活用】語(yǔ)法填空(1)Itisimportanttorememberwhenyou’retryingtogetalongwithpeoplewhoareverydifficultorseem____________(ignore)you,everyoneisjustdoingthebestthattheycan.

(2)Heischildren’sbookseditor,whosejobis______(sort)throughthousandsofnewtitlespublishedeachyearandselecttheverybestonesinThe

Times.

(3)Thegoalofthisactivityis_______(meet)theneedsofcommonpeople.

tobeignoringtosorttomeet3.不定式作賓語(yǔ)(1)下列動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ),請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣:決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望,拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃,同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help*Weagreedtomeetattheschoolgate.我們一致同意在校門口見面。(2)在某些動(dòng)詞如find,think,consider,feel,make,believe后,常用it作形式賓語(yǔ),然后加賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),最后加不定式作真正的賓語(yǔ)。*Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.我們認(rèn)為保護(hù)環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任。語(yǔ)法填空(1)Hepretended____________(read)thetextwhenIcamein.

(2)Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused______(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.

(3)Ithinkitnecessary_______(send)foranexpert.

(4)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants________(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.

tobereadingtostoptosendtoprove4.不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1)在很多動(dòng)詞后都可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),如ask,want,invite,get,force,expect,allow,persuade,order,warn,remind,prefer,cause,permit,forbid,advise,teach等。*Fatherwillnotallowustoplayinthestreet.父親不會(huì)允許我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！?2)下列動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))接省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作的全過程。一感(feel),二聽(hear,listento),三使(let,have,make),五看(see,notice,observe,watch,lookat),半幫助(help),動(dòng)詞不定式作help賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),既可帶to,也可不帶to。*Nobodysawhimcomein.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))沒人看見他進(jìn)來。以上單詞,當(dāng)其所在句子改為被動(dòng)句時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)“to”必須保留。例如:*Thethiefwasobservedto

enterthebank.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))有人看見小偷進(jìn)了銀行。語(yǔ)法填空(1)Whatcausedhim_________(change)hismind?

(2)Hedidn’tallowthestudents_____(go)there.

(3)Theteachergotsomestudents______(stay)intheclassroomafterschool.

(4)Hewasmade_______(work)dayandnight.

tochangetogotostaytowork5.不定式作定語(yǔ)(1)不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將來的動(dòng)作。*Iwantedtocometoyourbirthdayparty,butIhadaprojecttofinishthen.(2)不定式常放在某些名詞或代詞后作定語(yǔ)。如果作定語(yǔ)的不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞,或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等,不定式后需要加相應(yīng)的介詞。*Ineedapentowritewith.

我需要一支鋼筆寫字。(3)不定式用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no,all,any等限定的中心詞,且與中心詞為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。*Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.他總是第一個(gè)到校,最后一個(gè)離校。(4)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí),常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。常見的該類名詞有:ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。*Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力與觀點(diǎn)本身同等重要。不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),若句子主語(yǔ)是不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,則用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義;若句子主語(yǔ)不是不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,則用被動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。*Shehasasistertolookafter.

她有一個(gè)妹妹要照顧。(she是lookafter的執(zhí)行者)語(yǔ)法填空(1)Thebestway_____(set)yourselfupforsuccessistomakesurethatyourgoalsareSMART:specific,measurable,attainable,relevant,andtimely.

(2)We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision__________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.

(3)Birds’singingissometimesawarningtootherbirds______(stay)away.

(4)Volunteeringgivesyouachance_________(change)lives,includingyourown.

tosettobemadetostaytochange6.不定式作狀語(yǔ)

(1)作目的狀語(yǔ)。表示“為了”,可以單獨(dú)放在句首、句中或句末。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)目的性,不定式前也可加inorder或soas,但soasto不能置于句首。*To/Inordertoincreaselevelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.為了提高社區(qū)服務(wù)水平,一些學(xué)校已經(jīng)發(fā)起了義務(wù)志愿者服務(wù)計(jì)劃。(2)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常表示令人意外的結(jié)果,有時(shí)前面加only,以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中:onlytodo表示意想不到的結(jié)果enoughtodo足夠做……too...todo太……而不能……so/such...asto...

如此……以至于……*Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.湯姆乘出租車去了機(jī)場(chǎng),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)已飛入高空。*Heisoldenoughto

gotoschool.他到上學(xué)的年齡了。(3)作原因狀語(yǔ)。表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),后可接不定式作原因狀語(yǔ),用以說明產(chǎn)生這種心理活動(dòng)或情緒的原因,常用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有sorry,surprised,disappointed,excited,glad,happy,anxious,delighted,pleased,foolish等。*Maggiewasgladtobehomeinherownbed.瑪吉回到家躺在自己的床上,覺得非常高興。*I’mdelightedtohearthatyouarekeenonChinesetraditionalculture.我很高興聽到你喜歡中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化。語(yǔ)法填空(1)__________(liberate)ourcountry,theydevotedtheirlives.

(2)________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.

(3)Maryrushedhomeimmediatelysheheardthenews,only______(find)thatherhusbandwasgone.

(4)YouwillneverknowhowhappyIwas_____(see)heryesterday.ToliberateTolearntofindtosee單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’tafford__________(purchase)abook.

2.Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialparty_________(hold)whensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.

3Therewillstillbelotsofchallengesifweare_________(classify)garbageinashorttime.

topurchasetobeheldtoclassify4._______(help)uspreparefortheexam,theteachersuggestedreadingthroughournotes.

5.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat’splentyoftimeforyourskin_________(absorb)aday’sworthofVitaminD.

6.It’severyone’sresponsibility_______(make)gooduseofwater,suchasrecyclingandsavingwaterinourdailylife.

Tohelptoabsorbtomake7.Ifsuccessful,WenXu,32,willbethefirstperson_______(cross)AntarcticaalonefromtheshoreBerknerIsland,accordingtotheeventorganizer.

8.Theyhavebeenintheroomlisteningtoexplanationswhenthingsseem____________(go)wrong.

9.Jackwasinlowspiritsthosedaysandhisfriendsdidalltheycould_______(cheer)himup.

10.Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain_______(catch).

tocrosstohavegonetocheertocatch

用不定式完成句子1.Chineseresearchers_________________________________________tofindandstudyareasoftheSouthPoleAitkenbasin.

中國(guó)的研究者希望使用嫦娥四號(hào)上的設(shè)備來發(fā)現(xiàn)和研究南極艾特肯盆地。2.I________________________buttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelptryingit.

我當(dāng)時(shí)什么都不想吃,但是那個(gè)冰激凌看上去太誘人了以至于我禁不住品嘗了它。hopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4didn’tmeantoeatanything3.Thebestway__________________istodependonyourself.

解決這個(gè)問題的最好辦法是依靠你自己。4.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether__________________________________________________過中秋節(jié)的時(shí)候,家人們通常會(huì)團(tuán)聚在一起吃飯、賞月和品嘗月餅。5.Itisagreatpleasureforme___________________withyouthesedays.

我很高興這段時(shí)間和你一起共事。tosolvetheproblemtoshareameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.

tohavebeenworking6.I_____________________________beforetheendofthisterm.

這個(gè)學(xué)期結(jié)束前,我要做很多閱讀練習(xí)。7.Helenborrowedmybooktheotherday,________________________

海倫在幾天前借了我的書,答應(yīng)我會(huì)馬上還給我。havealotofreadingstocompletepromisingtoreturnitsoon.8.Althoughparents_________________________________________________,theirkidshavemarkedthempoorlyonbeinggoodrolemodelswhenitcomestodealingwithlife’sdifficulties.

盡管父母似乎給他們的兒子和女兒們提供了很好的建議,但他們的孩子們?cè)谔幚砩钪杏龅降睦щy時(shí),卻很難成為好的榜樣。seemtobegivinggoodadvicetotheirsonsanddaughters9.Police____________________________________________________________

警方敦促任何看到事故的人立即與他們聯(lián)系。10.Thequeenbee______________________inthecombbuiltbythediligentworkerbees.

蜂王似乎在勤勞的工蜂建造的蜂巢里得到了很好的護(hù)理。areurginganyonewhosawtheaccidenttocontactthemimmediately.appearstobenursedwell使用本單元所學(xué)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)補(bǔ)全下面語(yǔ)段

Thescientists1.________________(決定探索)thedeepoceaninordertofindoutwhatexistsatthefloorofthesea.Theirfirststep2.__________________(實(shí)施這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃)is3._________________________(派一臺(tái)深水機(jī)器)designedspeciallyfortheresearch.4.____________________________________________(由科學(xué)家們遠(yuǎn)程控制的機(jī)器)atthesurfaceoftheseaisinashapeofanegg.decidedtoexploretocarryouttheplantosendadeepwatermachineThemachinetobecontrolledremotelybyscientistsTheywillwatchthemachine5.___________________(潛入大海深處).6.________________________(進(jìn)行這樣的研究)isalongprojectthatscientistshavepreparedforseveralmonths.

divedeepintotheseaToconductsucharesearch1.Thenewphoneisveryeasy_________(operate).Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.

2.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier________(break)intosmallpieces.

3.Itcanbedishearteningtospendalotoftimepreparingamealonly______(find)yourkidsturningtheirnoseupatit.

4.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline______(save)theirvaluabletime.

tooperatetobreaktofindtosave

完成句子1._________________________________________________________________,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.

為了更容易與我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系,你最好把這張卡片放在手邊。2.IrememberItoldmymommorethanoncethatIhoped__________________________________.

我記得我不止一次告訴我媽媽我希望將來追求演藝事業(yè)。Tomakeiteasiertogetintouchwith