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狀語從句講解在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句,它可以用來修飾謂語(包括非謂語動詞)、定語或狀語,或是整個句子。
準(zhǔn)確掌握每一個連詞的含義是掌握狀語從句的關(guān)鍵。同時要注意主從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)??己艘蠖x九種常用的狀語從句
時間狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句原因狀語從句條件狀語從句讓步狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句目的狀語從句方式狀語從句比較狀語從句
狀語從句有九種,時地原因條狀補(bǔ),目比結(jié)果方讓步,連詞引導(dǎo)各不同;主句通常前面走,連詞引導(dǎo)緊隨后,從句若在主前頭,主從之間有個逗。連詞狀語從句類型從屬連詞時間狀語從句when,whenever,while,as,before,after,since,till,until,not…until,themoment,immediately,nosooner…than,thefirst/second…time,instantly,hardly…when地點(diǎn)狀語從句where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere原因狀語從句because,as,since,seeing(that),now(that)結(jié)果狀語從句sothat,so…that,such…that條件狀語從句if,unless,aslongas,suppose,supposing,incase,sofaras,provided目的狀語從句so,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest讓步狀語從句although,though,however(=nomatterhow),evenif,whether…or方式狀語從句as,asif,asthough比較狀語從句as…as,notas…as,thanIdentifythetypesoftheAdverbialClauses.1.WhileIwaswonderingatthis,ourschoolmastertookhisplace.()2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.()3.Nowthat/Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.()4.I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.()5.Socleverwasheastudentthathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.()6.Aslongasyoudon’tloseheart,you’llsucceed.()7.Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.()8.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.()時間地點(diǎn)原因目的結(jié)果條件讓步方式時間狀語從句掌握:1.when/while/as2.before/after/since3.till/until4.assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theinstant,theminute…,ondoing…5.time名詞短語時間狀語從句-when/while/asWhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.TheplanehadalreadytakenoffwhenIgottotheairport.Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.總結(jié):when的用法1Whenhewasayoungman,hewasfondofhunting.Asayoungman,hewasfondofhunting.總結(jié):when的用法2時間狀語從句-when/while/asWewereswimminginthelakewhenthestormstarted.Hewasabouttotellmethesecretwhensomeonepattedhimontheshoulder.Wehadjustfallenasleepwhenthebellrang.總結(jié):when的用法3Howcanhegetgoodgradeswhenhewon’tstudy?總結(jié):when的用法4連接詞when的用法小結(jié)
1.when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞可以是可延續(xù)的,也可以是表短暫性動作的動詞,可用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生或從句動作先于主句動作。2.可用作并列連詞,其意義為“那時,這時”,相當(dāng)于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式:
Somebodywasdoingsomething/wasabouttodosth./wasonthepointofdoingsth.(剛要……這時突然……)
when…3.還可以表示原因“既然”,相當(dāng)于since;consideringthat。如:
Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalkthereinfiveminutes.HowcanIhelpthemtounderstandwhentheywon'tlistentome?whenever
是when的強(qiáng)勢語,它描述的不是一次性動作,而是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動作。
Youarealwayswelcomewheneveryoucome.
無論你何時來都?xì)g迎。
Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.
每當(dāng)我們遇上困難的時候,他們就來幫我們。時間狀語從句-when/while/asPleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.Theyweresurprisedthatachildshouldworkouttheproblemwhiletheythemselvescouldn’t.WhileIacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.Strikewhiletheironishot.總結(jié)while用法123while的用法1.while引導(dǎo)的動作必須是持續(xù)性的,側(cè)重主句動作和從句動作相對比。如:Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.2.while作為并列連詞,意為“而,卻”,表示對比。3.while可表示盡管,相當(dāng)于although。時間狀語從句-when/while/asThelittlechildrensanghappilyastheywalkedalong.AsIwashedclothes,Ilistenedtothemusic.總結(jié):as用法Astimegoesby,wehavegainedmoreknowledge.Withtimegoingby,wehavegainedmoreknowledge.時間狀語從句-when/while/as時間狀語從句-when/while/as三者可表示“當(dāng)…時候”,區(qū)別如下:(1)若主句表示的是一個短暫性動作,從句表示的是一個持續(xù)性動作,三者都可用:Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine
when[while,as]Iwaswalkingdownthestreet.
(2)若主、從句表示兩個同時進(jìn)行的持續(xù)性動作,且強(qiáng)調(diào)主句表示的動作延續(xù)到從句所指的整個時間,通常要用while:Ikeptsilentwhilehewaswriting.時間狀語從句-when/while/as(3)若主從句表示的兩個同時進(jìn)行的動作含有“一邊…一邊”之意思,通常用as:Shesangasshewentalong.
(4)若從句是一個短暫性動作,主句是一個持續(xù)性動作,可用as/when
但不用while:Itwasraininghardwhen[as]wearrived.(5)若主從句表示的是兩個同時(或幾乎同時)發(fā)生的短暫性動作,用as/when:Ithoughtofitjustwhen[as]youopenedyourmouth.就在你要說的時候,我也想到了。時間狀語從句-when/while/as(6)若要表示兩個正在發(fā)展變化的情況,“隨著”,用as:Thingsaregettingbetterandbetterastimegoeson.Asitgrewdarker,itbecamecolder.(7)when
可用作并列連詞,表示“這時(突然)”;while
也可以用作并列連詞,表示“而”、“卻”(表示對比);但as則沒有類似用法:Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.Helikescoffee,whileshelikestea.時間狀語從句-when/while/as注意:①當(dāng)使用連接詞when表示“這時,突然”時,它所引導(dǎo)的從句中謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時或者一般過去時,不能用完成時態(tài);②when,while和as都引導(dǎo)表示時間的狀語從句,它們的區(qū)別在于動作發(fā)生的時間順序。用when時,從句的動作可以與主句的同時發(fā)生或先于主句動作發(fā)生;用as時從句和主句動作同時發(fā)生;用while時從句和主句動作同時發(fā)生,也可表示持續(xù)一段時間。
*
when/while/as1.______timewenton,thingsbegantochange.2.ShethoughtIwastalkingahoutherdaughter,______,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.3.______Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.4.Iwaswalkingalongtheroad_______suddenlysomeonepattedmeontheshoulderfrombehind.5.Thestudentssang_______theywentalong.whenAswhileWhileas一邊...一邊andthen:正在…的時候,突然…隨著...表對比:而表讓步:雖然6.Strike_______theironishot.7._____achild,helivedinthecountryside.8.Becareful___________crossingthesteet.whileAs
when/while
as+n.=when...時間狀語從句-before/afterBefore在…之前;After在…之后表示主從句的動作先后發(fā)生1.當(dāng)主句用將來時,從句總是用現(xiàn)在時;2.如果before引導(dǎo)的從句謂語用的是過去時,則主句動詞多用過去完成時;3.After表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后。主句和從句的動作的時間關(guān)系正好與before引導(dǎo)的從句相反。
before用法小結(jié):1)在…以前Thinkbeforeyouspeak.2.常用于It+be+時間段+before…在……之后才……
(強(qiáng)調(diào)時間的長)”在否定句中則表示“沒過多久就…(強(qiáng)調(diào)時間的短)”
Itwillbetwoyearsbeforewemeetagain.Severalweekshadgoneby
Irealizedthepaintingwasmissing.A.as
B.beforeC.sinceD.when時間段+pass/goby+beforesbknow/realize…常譯為“不知不覺就…”Ayearpassedbeforeweknewit.3常于情態(tài)動詞can/could連用:還沒來得及…就…4.before表示“以免,不然,趁…”Doitbeforeyouforget.—Whydidn’tyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?—Herushedoutoftheroom
Icouldsayaword.A.beforeB.untilC.whenD.afterIt’scloudy.Takeanumbrella
youregretit.A.butB.andC.afterD.before5.before引導(dǎo)的從句在與will,would連用時,有“寧愿……也不”的含義。Theywouldfighttodeath
theysurrendered(投降).
A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.becausebeforeItwillbe+一段時間+before從句(does)要過……才能做Itwillnotbe+一段時間+before從句要不了……就能做Itwas+一段時間+before從句(did)過了……做了……Itwasnot+一段時間+before從句(did)沒過……做了……
*afterAfterhefinishedhiswork,heleftthere.Hefinishedhisworkbeforeheleftthere.
Afterfinishinghiswork,heleftthere.:conj&prep.1.Itisalmostfiveyears
wesaweachotherlasttimebeforeB.sinceC.afterD.when2.Thatwasreallyasplendidevening.It’syears___Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.since3.Itwassometime___werealizethetruth.A.whenB.untilC.sinceD.before4.Itwasevening___wereachedthelittletownofWinchesterA.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before5.–DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?–Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock___hearrivedhome(2005福建)A.beforeB.whenC.thatD.untilBDDDB譯1.Itwillbethreedaysbeforeyoucanopenthecoverofthejar.2.Itwillnotbetenyearsbeforewemeetagain.3.Itwastenyearsbeforewedidtheexperiment.4.Itwasnotlongbeforewereturnedback.5.Beforetheyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.6.Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.7.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.時間狀語從句-sincesince引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞,又可以是瞬時動詞。一般情況下,從句謂語動詞用一般過去時,而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。IhavebeeninBeijingsinceyouleft.句型:
Itis+一段時間since從句延續(xù)性動詞:反過來翻譯短暫性動詞:直譯Itis10yearssinceIsmoked.(=Igaveupsmoking/droppedsmoking)
自從我不抽煙已有10年了.時間狀語從句-sinceItisfiveyearssinceTombegantosmoke.湯姆吸煙有五年了。ItisfiveyearssinceTomsmokedacigar.湯姆不吸煙有五年了。Itisthreeyearssinceshewasinourclass.她離開我們班有三年了。Itisthreeyearssincehelivedhere.他不在這住有三年了。時間狀語從句-till/untiltill和until一般情況下兩者可以互換,但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until。注意:如主句動詞是延續(xù)性動作,常用肯定式,表示“直到…為止”;如主句動詞是瞬間動詞,常用否定式,表示“直到…才”Ididn'tgotobeduntil(till)myfathercameback.ItwasnotuntilthemeetingwasoverthathebegantoteachmeEnglish.Iworked
untilhecameback.Ididn't
work
untilhecameback.
notuntil句型與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)合Ididn’tgotosleepuntilhecameback.與倒裝句式結(jié)合ItwasnotuntilhecamebackthatIwenttosleep.NotuntilhecamebackdidIgotosleep.時間狀語從句-“一...就...”必背:
1.
一……就……還可以用on/upondoing結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。
OnarrivinghomehecalledupLester.
2.immediatelyinstantly
directly
相當(dāng)于assoonas,從句中用一般過去時態(tài)。
Theyphonedherimmediatelytheyreachedhome.
他一到家馬上就給她打了電話。
3.themoment,theminute,theinstant,thesecond
這幾個名詞短語也可用作連詞,直接引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,表示“一…就
”。
Hesaidhe'dturnonTVthemomenthegothome.
他說他一到家就打開電視機(jī)。
TellhimIneedtoseehimtheminutehearrives.
告訴他,他一到我就要見他。
Thesecondthebellrang,thestudentsrushedoutoftheclassroom.
鈴一響,學(xué)生就沖出了教室。4.hardly/scarcely……when,nosooner……than
這兩個短語都表示剛…就…,可以互換,主句通常用去完成時。
Hehadnosoonerstartedoutthanhefelthomesick.
他剛出發(fā)就想起家來。
注意:
當(dāng)hardly,scarcely,nosooner
位于句子的開頭時,主句須用倒裝語序。
名詞短語引導(dǎo)的時間狀語everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,anytime,allthetime等名詞短語用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,表示“每當(dāng)…;每次…;下次…”等。
Every/EachtimeIwasintrouble,hewouldcometohelpmeout.Nexttimeyoucome,doremembertobringyoursonhere.ThelasttimeshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.(1)當(dāng)主句為將來時態(tài)或具有將來意義時,時間狀語從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義。Turnoffthelightsbeforeyouleave.Iwilltellhimassoonashearrives.(2)與since
從句搭配的主句的時態(tài)通常是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。Hehaslivedheresince1999.WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?時間狀語從句——時態(tài)1.OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendaway________mydaughterheardcriesforhelp.(2011·浙江高考)A.a(chǎn)fter
B.whileC.since D.when2.Hehadnosoonerfinishedhisspeech________thestudentsstartedcheering.(2011·遼寧高考)A.since B.a(chǎn)sC.when D.than3.Asisreported,itis100years________QinghuaUniversitywasfounded.(2011·四川高考)A.when B.beforeC.a(chǎn)fter D.since1.Itwasn’tuntilnearlyamonthlater
___Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.A.sinceB.whenC.asD.that2.Itwasnearlyamonth_________Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.
3.Itwasnearly9o’clock_________Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.
4.Itwasnearlyat9o’clock
_________Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.
beforewhenthat考點(diǎn):易混淆句型itis+時間+sincebeforewhenthatItisfiveyears______hefinishedhisresearch.Itwasfiveyears______hefinishedhisresearch.Itwasfiveyearslater_______hefinishedhisresearch.
Itwas5o’clock_____hegothome.Itwasat5o’clock_____hegothome.whenthatsincebeforethat4.Ifalotofpeoplesayafilmisnotgood,Iwon'tbothertoseeit,orI'llwait________itcomesoutonDVD.(2011·上海高考)A.whether B.a(chǎn)fterC.though D.until5.—Howlongwillitbe________theprofessormakesanothervisittoChina?—Italldepends.(2011·江蘇南通市第一次調(diào)研)A.until B.beforeC.since D.when1.EachtimeIwasintrouble,hecouldcometohelpmeout.2.ItisthreeyearssinceIsmokedacigar.3.ItwillbehalfayearbeforeIcomeback.4.Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.5.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.時間狀語從句練習(xí)題1.我住在那里時,星期天常到海濱去。2.別人在工作時,別高聲談話。3.他匆忙回家去,一邊走一邊回頭望。4.我一聽到那個聲音,我就知道父親來了。5.那男孩子一見到他媽就放聲大哭。6.我一到家,天就下起雨來。時間狀語從句練習(xí)題翻譯練習(xí)7.我在那一直等到他爸爸回來。8.知道你告訴我,我才知道這件事。9.他還沒吃飯就去上學(xué)了。10.這個工程師還沒到火車站前,火車就開走了。11.過不了多長時間我們就會再見面。12.我不吸煙有三年了。條件狀語從句1,連接詞:if,unless(if…not),so/aslongas,incase,2,注意點(diǎn):分清真實條件句和非真實條件句,非真實條件句中要用虛擬語氣IfIwereyou,Iwouldaskthepoliceforhelp.
條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時在條件狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句中,表示與事實相反的條件和結(jié)果。與現(xiàn)在事實相反:If從句…,主句+V原2)與過去事實相反:If從句hadVed,主句+haveVed3)與將來事實相反:If從句…,主句+V原wereV-edshould(wouldcould,might)should(wouldcould,might)didshouldweretoshould(wouldcould,might)1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果eg.IfIwere
you,Iwouldgoatonce.我是你的話,我會馬上走。eg.Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.要是我哥在這兒,一切都沒問題了。2.表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)或結(jié)果eg.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwould/could/mighthavemetthefamoussinger.如果你早來幾分鐘的話,你就會(可能會)見到那個著名歌唱家。eg.IfIhadhadthemoneylastweek,Ishould/would/could/mighthaveboughtacar.如果我上星期有了這筆錢,我就會(可能)買1輛車。3、表示與將來事實可能相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果eg.Ifit
were
sunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.明天要是天氣好的話,我來看你。Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.假如天下雨,莊稼就一定(有可能)得救。Ifitweretosnowthisevening,theywouldnotgoout.如果今晚下雪,他們將不出去了。條件狀語從句的倒裝與倒裝句型結(jié)合IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavearest.WereIyou,Iwouldhavearest.
ifIfyouworkharder,youwillsucceed.Workharder,andyouwillsucceed.Workharder,oryouwon’tsucceed.Workingharder,youwillsucceed.unlessUnlesshecomes,wewon’tbeabletogo.Ifhedoesn’tcome,wewon’tbeabletogo.:if...not除非[鏈高考—2010·山東]Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday,unlessaccompaniedbyanadult.學(xué)校規(guī)則規(guī)定:除非有大人的陪伴,否則任何孩子白天都不允許外出學(xué)校?!就瓿衫洹?/p>
除非被邀請,不然我是不會參加會議的。
IwillnotattendthemeetingunlessIaminvited.
一旦被發(fā)現(xiàn),他就會被逮捕。
Once(hewas)found,hewouldbearrested.【結(jié)論】(1)常見連詞:if/unless/once/as(so)longas/onconditionthat/provided(providing)that…/suppose(supposing)that…/saythat…/Let'ssaythat…(2)unless=if…not,意思是“如果不/沒有……”1.Hehadhiscameraready________hesawsomethingthatwouldmakeagoodpicture.(2011·山東高考)A.evenif B.ifonlyC.incase D.sothat2.Mystudents,________youhaveaheartlovinglife,youcanalwaysfindthingsthatwouldmakeyouhappyeachday.(2011·鄭州六校質(zhì)量檢測)A.a(chǎn)slongas B.ifonlyC.a(chǎn)sthough D.eventhough解析:考查連詞用法。句意:我的學(xué)生們,只要你們有一顆熱愛生活的心,你們每天總能發(fā)現(xiàn)讓你們開心的事情。aslongas表示“只要”。后三項分別表示“但愿”“似乎”“即使”,都不符合句意。答案:A3.________childrenbelievetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotallyindependent.(2011·河南部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考)A.If B.ThoughC.Unless D.When4.—Haveyougotenoughmembers?—Carolsaysshewilljoinus________thesalarymeetsherexpectations.(2011·西城4月一模)A.until B.ifC.though D.unless翻譯練習(xí)1.除非你努力學(xué)習(xí),否則你考試會不及格。2.你只要不灰心,就會成功3.假如他們拒絕了我們,我們還能求助于誰?4.萬一發(fā)生火災(zāi),我們首先做什么???地點(diǎn)狀語從句
地點(diǎn)狀語從句通常由where,wherever(where的強(qiáng)勢語)和everywhere,anywhere等引導(dǎo),是表示空間關(guān)系的狀語從句。1.where在……地方,去……地方
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
有志者,事竟成。
IfoundmybookswhereIhadleftthem.
我的書在我原來放的地方找到了。
注意:
在地點(diǎn)狀語從句之前,不要使用介詞。
【誤】Youshouldputthebookatwhereitwas.
【正】Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.
你應(yīng)該把書放在原來的地方。
【誤】Weshouldgotowhereweareneededmost.
【正】Weshouldgowhereweareneededmost.
我們應(yīng)該到最需要我們的地方去。
where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句直接修飾動詞,而在定語從句中where作為關(guān)系副詞要跟在表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞后面。Bamboogrowsbestwhereit'swetandrainy.竹子在潮濕多雨的地方長得最快。Bamboogrowsbestinplaceswhereit'swetandrainy.竹子在潮濕多雨的地方長得最快。
2.wherever在任何……地方,無論哪里
Whereveryougo,youshoulddoyourworkwell.
不論到什么地方,都要把工作做好。判斷下列句子類型1.Youwouldletyourchildrenplaywhereyoucanseethem.2.Youwouldletyourchildrenplayintheplacewhereyoucanseethem.3.You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.4.You’dbettermakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.1.Thereshewas,standingexactly________Ihadlefther,cryingbitterly.(2011·鄭州六校質(zhì)量檢測)A.when B.thatC.where D.inwhich2.—Dad,thecompanyisintroublenow.Iwanttoresignasmanager.—Iadviseyoutostayinthepost.Thecompanyneedsyouright________youareatthecriticalmoment.(2011·江西省撫州市適應(yīng)性測試)A.who B.whatC.where D.inwhich解析:考查狀語從句。where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。語境:在這關(guān)鍵時刻,公司需要你堅守你現(xiàn)在所在的崗位。答案:C3.Today,wewillbegin________westoppedyesterdaysothatnopointwillbeleftout.(2010·重慶高考)A.when B.whereC.how D.what1.Ihavebeenkeepingtheportrait________Icanseeiteveryday,asitalwaysremindsmeofmychildhoodinParis. A.since B.where C.as D.if2.“________Ilive,
thereareplentyofsheep.”,saidtheboy________pride. A.Where;with B.When;in C.That;in D.Why;with地點(diǎn)狀語從句—練習(xí)題3.Heseemedtohavebeenasleep,soIsaidnothing,butsat________hewouldseeme________waking. A.whether;when B.that;when C.which;where D.where;when4.Youcanstillfindbonesofthebirds________theyusedtolive. A.inwhich B.intheplace C.where D.that地點(diǎn)狀語從句—練習(xí)題5.“________myfeetremainstandingabovethewaterlevel,thereishope...”saidthecaptain. A.Where B.Evenif C.While D.Although地點(diǎn)狀語從句—練習(xí)題主要連詞:because,as,since,forseeing(that),now(that)considering(that)
原因狀語從句1.Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterdaybecauseIwasill.2.Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.3.Asyouareinpoorhealth,youshouldnotstayuplate.4.Iaskedhertostaytotea,forIhadsomethingtotellher.原因狀語從句-because/as/since/for1)because語勢最強(qiáng),用來說明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知,就用as或since。強(qiáng)調(diào)句中只用because表示原因。Itisbecause…that…Ididn’tgo,becauseIwasafraid.
Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.It'sbecausemymumwasillyesterdaythatIdidn'tcome.我昨天是因為媽媽生病才沒來的。原因狀語從句-because/as/since/for3)as和for的區(qū)別:通常情況下,as引導(dǎo)的從句在主句前,for引導(dǎo)的從句在主句后。例:
Astheweatheriscold,Istayathome.
Istayathome,fortheweatheriscold.原因狀語從句-because/as/since/for2)如果不是說明直接原因,起補(bǔ)充說明的作用,用for。
Heisabsenttoday,forheisill.
Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.原因狀語從句-because/as/since/for1.UnlikewatchingTV,readingisahighlyactiveprocess________itrequiresattentionaswellasmemoryandimagination.(2011·江西省部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)第二次聯(lián)考)A.until B.butC.unless D.for解析:考查連詞。句意:閱讀不同于看電視,它是一個(思維)高度活躍的過程,因為它不僅需要專注還需要記憶和想象。由此可知前后是因果關(guān)系,因此用for。答案:D2.—Mum,couldIgoouttoplaynow?—Letmesee...Yes,________youhavefinishedallyourschoolassignments.(2011·蘇北第三次調(diào)研)A.until B.unlessC.while D.since目的狀語從句sothat/inorderthat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,常用情態(tài)動詞may(might)/can(could)/should
等連用.Iraisedmyvoicesothateveryonecouldhearme.結(jié)果狀語從句so
that/so…that/such…thatIraisedmyvoice,sothateveryoneheardme.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn’tsayaword.
Shetoldussuchaninterestingstorythatweallforgotthetime.so…that的so后面跟形容詞或副詞;such在主句中修飾名詞【注】在much,many,little,few
這四個詞前總是用so而不用such:Hehadsomanyfallsthathewasblackandblueallover.他摔了許多跤,結(jié)果全身都是傷。Heearnssolittlemoneythathecanhardlyfeedhisfamily.他賺的錢很少幾乎不能養(yǎng)家糊口。so...that.../such...that...【拓展:當(dāng)so或such置于句首時,主句要用倒裝語序。】Hewassocleverthathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.Socleverwashethathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.1.讓步狀語從句可由although,though,as,while,
evenif(though),whatever,whether...or...,no
matterwho(when,what...)等引導(dǎo)。
[鏈高考—2009·湖南]Althoughthepolicethoughthewasthemostlikelyone,sincetheyhadnoexactproofaboutit,theycouldnotarresthim.盡管警察認(rèn)為他是最有可能的一個,由于他們沒有確鑿的證據(jù),他們就不能拘留他。
讓步狀語從句
[鏈高考—2010·上海]Howeverseriousaproblemyoumayhave,youshouldgatheryourcouragetofacethechallenge.
不論你的問題有多嚴(yán)重,你都應(yīng)該鼓起勇氣,接受挑戰(zhàn)。
[鏈高考—2010·安徽]Theengineersaresobusythattheyhavezerotimeforoutdoorsportsactivities,eveniftheyhavetheinterest.工程師們很忙,即使他們對戶外活動感興趣,他們也沒有時間。Allthenationsshouldbeequal,whethertheyarestrongornot.所有的國家都應(yīng)平等,不管它們是否強(qiáng)大。though/although不能與but連用,但可與yet或still連用although可以放句首,though可以倒裝Although(Though)hewasoversixty,(yet)hebegantolearnFrench.evenif/eventhough“即使,縱使”有退一步設(shè)想的意味,多用于書面語中。
I’llgoevenif(though)itrainstomorrow.即使明天下雨,我也要去。
as倒裝句Childasheis,heknowsalot.Coldasitis,(=Thoughitiscold,)thechildrenplayoutdoors.
as引出的讓步狀語從句多用于書面語,它比用though引導(dǎo)的從句,語氣強(qiáng),更有表現(xiàn)力,從句常放在句首,語序部分倒裝。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的常見的幾種倒裝方式:(1)如果從句的謂語部分為“不及物動詞+副詞”時,常將從句中的副詞提到從句的句首。Hardasyoumaytry,youwillnotsucceed.盡管你努力了,你可能不會成功。(2)如果從句的謂語部分為“情態(tài)動詞+不及物動詞”,常將這個不及物動詞提到從句的句首。Waitasyoumay,hewillnotseeyou.盡管你等了,他可能不會見你。(3)如果從句的謂語部分是“系動詞+單數(shù)名詞”,則常將
這個作表語的名詞提前,但這個名詞前面的不定冠詞
要省略。
Childasheis,hecantellrightfromwrong.盡管他還是個孩子,他能明辨是非。1.________allofthemarestrongcandidates,onlyonewillbechosenforthepost.(2011·陜西高考)A.Since B.WhileC.If D.As2.________regularexerciseisveryimportant,it'sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime.(2011·天津高考)A.If B.AsC.Although D.Unless3.Nomatterhow________,
itisnotnecessarilylifeless.(2011·遼寧高考)A.a(chǎn)desertmaybedry B.dryadesertmaybeC.mayadesertbedry D.drymayadesertbe4.Try______shemight,Suecouldn'tgetthedooropen.(2011·新課標(biāo)全國卷)A.if B.whenC.since D.a(chǎn)s5.Sheisacrazyfanofthissinger.________shelistenstohissongshundredsoftimes,shewillnevergettired.(2011·濰坊市抽樣監(jiān)測)A.If B.AslongasC.Unless D.EvenifDrawacatasItaughtyou.按照我教你的畫一只貓。Doasyouaretold.按照人家告訴你做的去做。方式狀語從句as,按照或正如Theytreattheblackboyasif(though)hewereananimal.他們對待這黑孩子仿佛他是一頭牲口。asif/asthough好象,似乎Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.他表現(xiàn)得好像什么也沒發(fā)生。
[鏈高考—2009·天津]ItraveltotheBinhaiNewAreabylightrailwayeveryday,asdomanybusinessmenwholiveindowntownTianjin.我像許多住在天津鬧市區(qū)的商人一樣,每天乘坐快速列車到濱海新區(qū)上班。1.Jackwasn'tsayinganything,buttheteachersmiledathim________hehaddonesomethingveryclever.(2011·湖南高考)A.a(chǎn)sif B.incaseC.while D.though比較狀語從句as…asnotso…asthesameassuch…asthanHisbookisthesameasmine.他的書和我的一樣。HenryisnotsuchagoodworkerasPeter.享利這個工人不如彼得那樣好。倍數(shù)表達(dá)法他們的房子是我們的三倍.Theirroomistwicebiggerthanours.Theirroomisthreetimesasbigasours.Theirroomisthreetimesthesizeofours.length/height/weight/width翻譯練習(xí)1.雖然他很有錢,但他并不幸福。2.即雨下的很大,他們還是繼續(xù)踢球。3.雖然他是個孩子,但是他什么都知道。4.不論他做什么都盡量做好。5.他和他跑得一樣快。6.每位同學(xué)都要照著老師所所的去做。7.她每天早起是為了上學(xué)不遲到。使用狀語從句時要注意的幾個問題1.在時間和條件(有時也在方式、讓步等)從句中,主句是一般將來時,從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。e.g.We'llgooutingifitdoesn'traintomorrow.I'llwritetoyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.
2.有些時間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步從句,如果從句的主語與主句主語一致(或雖不一致,是it),從句的謂語又包含動詞be,就可省略從句中的“主語+be”部分。
e.g.When(hewas)stillaboyoften,hehadtoworkdayandnight.If(youare)asked,youmaycomein.If(itis)necessary,I'llexplaintoyouagain.3.注意區(qū)分不同從句:引導(dǎo)的是什么從句,不僅要根據(jù)連詞,還要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來判別。以where為例,能引導(dǎo)多種從句。e.g.Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.(地點(diǎn)狀語從句)Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.(定語從句,句中有先行詞)Idon'tknowwherehecamefrom.(賓語從句)Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.(主語從句)Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.(表語從句)
例1:Myparentsdon’tmindwhatjobIdo
Iamhappy.(2009?陜西)A.eventhoughB.assoonasC.aslongasD.asthough解析:選C??疾闋钫Z從句。根據(jù)題干意思可知,此處是條件狀語從句。aslongas只要;eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“即使”;assoonas引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,意為“一……就……”;asthough引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句,意為“仿佛,好象”。例2:—Shallwehaveourpicnictomorrow?—
itdoesn’train.(2009?山東)A.UntilB.WhileC.OnceD.If解析:選D??疾榻浑H用語。答句句意為:如果明天不下雨的話。例3:Shehadjustfinishedherhomework
hermotheraskedhertopractiseplayingthepianoyesterday.(2009?福建)A.whenB.whileC.afterD.since解析:選A??疾闋钫Z從句。由句意可知,此處when用作并列連詞,意為“這時”。例4:Youdbetternotleavethemedicine
kidscangetatit.(2008?山東)A.evenif
B.which
C.where
D.sothat解析:選C。句意為:你最好不要把藥放在小孩子夠得著的地方。where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。evenif即使;which不引導(dǎo)狀語從句;sothat為了;以至于;引導(dǎo)目的或結(jié)果狀語從句。例5:Thereweresomechairsleftover
everyonehadsatdown.(2008?四川)A.when
B.until
C.that
D.where解析:選A。句意為:大家都坐下之后,還有一些椅子空著。when當(dāng)……時候,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,符合題意。until直到,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,但與題意不符;that不引導(dǎo)狀語從句;where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。例6:Occasionsarequiterare
Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.(2008?山東)A.who
B.which
C.why
D.when解析:選D。句意為:我很少有機(jī)會和孩子在一起待上一天的時間。when在此處引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞occasions(機(jī)會),并在從句中作時間狀語。who和which是關(guān)系代詞,定語從句中不缺少主語、賓語、表語,故排除;why引導(dǎo)定語從句時表示原因,與題意不符。例7:TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougotanyidea
thepartyistobeheld?(2008?陜西)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where解析:選D。句意為:明天就是湯姆的生日了,你知道生日聚會在什么地方進(jìn)行嗎?idea后的部分是同位語從句,說明idea的內(nèi)容;根據(jù)題意判斷用where引導(dǎo)。例8:Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas
wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.(2008?天津)A.Where
B.how
C.when
D.why解析:選C。句意為:我們最后一次玩得很痛快是在游覽水上公園時。was后的部分是一個表語從句,從句中缺少狀語,根據(jù)題意判斷用when引導(dǎo)。例9:Don’tpromiseanything
youareonehundredpercentsure.(2008?浙江)A.whether
B.afterC.how
D.unless解析:選D。句意為:不要承諾什么,除非你有百分之百的把握。unless如果不,除非;符合題意。whether是否;after……之后;how如何。例10:
wellpreparedyouare,youstillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.(2008·上海)A.HoweverB.WhateverC.NomatterD.Although解析:選A??疾閔owever的用法。however相當(dāng)于nomatterhow,但nomatter不能單獨(dú)使用;句中的well是副詞,所以用however而不用whatever修飾;although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句不倒裝?;A(chǔ)寫作Jane的朋友Alice來信說,她因為沒有得到提升而感到灰心喪氣.假如你是Jane,請給Alice寫一回信,內(nèi)容包括1.直到我讀了你的信
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