句子成分與種類(好)

句子成分主語謂語賓語表語賓補(bǔ)定語狀語1.

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主語↓謂語↓定語↓賓語↓同位語↓狀語㈠主語Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Whathehassaidistrue.㈡謂語簡(jiǎn)單謂語:由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成Ilikedancing.Helookedaftertwoboys.復(fù)合謂語由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞;HecanspeakEnglishwell.㈢表語在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語常見的系動(dòng)詞有:be(am,is,are,were,was)appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,goetc.系動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài).Theappletastessweet.Theclassisover.Theyseemtoknowtheanswer.Whowasthefirst?Heisunhappy.ThebookiswhatIneed.㈣賓語賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物,間接賓語指人.Hegaveme

somebooks.↓間接賓語↓直接賓語1.pleasepassme

thebook.2.Heboughtme

someflowers.3.Ilikemyjob.4.Theyenjoyplayingcomputergames.㈤賓語補(bǔ)足語Ifindthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Pleasekeepthedog

out.Wemustkeepitasecret.㈥定語Heisacleverboy.Isitonthestonewall.Thereare56studentsinourclass.DoyouknownTom’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Imetafriendonmywayhome.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格)(動(dòng)名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)(副詞)Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook.㈦狀語用于修飾形容詞,副詞,動(dòng)詞,介詞短語或句子.可表示時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,結(jié)果,目的,方式,伴隨,條件,程度,讓步,頻率等.Iwillwritebacksoon.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.Hegotupsolatethathemissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Shewentout,leavingthedooropen.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Thoughthebookisdear,hebuysit.Heisalwaysbeinglateforschool.英語句子種類按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分為三種:簡(jiǎn)單句

(simplesentence)

并列句(compoundsentence)復(fù)合句(complexsentence)(一).簡(jiǎn)單句:

只有一個(gè)主語(或并列主語)和一個(gè)謂語(或并列謂語):<1>.Tomlikesrockmusic.<2>.TomandJohn

arefondofrockmusic.<3>.Tom

satdownathisdeskandbegantodohishomework.▲▲簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型1.

_________________________

Iamhappy.

Helooksprettyhappytoday.系動(dòng)詞包括Be動(dòng)詞以及一些表示感官的動(dòng)詞?！锔呖冀?jīng)?？疾榈南祫?dòng)詞:

<1>.“變得”______,_______,_______,_______,_____...

<2>.“看起來”______,______,______“聞起來”______“嘗起來”_____“摸起來”______“聽起來”_____

主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語(S+V+P)

getbecomefallturngogrowcomelookseemappearsmelltastefeelsound<3>持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞keep,remain,stay,lie,stand<4>終止系動(dòng)詞主要有prove,turnout,表達(dá)"結(jié)果是;證明是"Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.★系動(dòng)詞的用法:(注意三點(diǎn))

+___________作表語;系動(dòng)詞無__________;

無

__________;e.g.Thedish________________.(嘗起來好吃)Thestory_______________.(聽起來有趣).adj.

賓語被動(dòng)語態(tài)tastesdelicioussoundsinteresting1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）2.Isityours?（代詞）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）4.Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數(shù)詞）6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（動(dòng)名詞）8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.（介詞短語）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞）10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語從句）挑出下列句中的表語（5分，5分鐘）①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.2.________________Everybodyworks.Sheleft.

★高考經(jīng)?？疾榈牟患拔飫?dòng)詞:

“發(fā)生”__________;__________;__________;____________________“用完,用光”________;________.....

★不及物動(dòng)詞的用法:

無__________,無_________

主語+謂語(S+V)happenoccurtakeplacecomeaboutbreakoutrunoutgiveout

賓語被動(dòng)語態(tài)e.g.<1>.“過去的幾年里我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了很大的變化”

Ourschoolhastakenplacegreatchangesinthelastfewyears.

________________________________________________________.

<2>.Doyouknowwhatwashappenedyesterday?(改錯(cuò))(×)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolinthelastfewyears.＼(二)選出句中謂語的中心詞（10分，10分鐘）①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book3.主+謂+賓——S+V(vt.)+O1）Myfriendhelpedmealot.2）Shecouldn’thearwhatyoursaid.3）Theflowersstartedtocomeoutyesterday.4）Mylittlebrotherenjoyslisteningtomusicverymuch.代詞從句不定式V-ing名詞，代詞，不定式，從句,V-ing等可以充當(dāng)賓語。一.只接不定式作賓語的詞/詞組offer(提出)，learn(學(xué)會(huì))，intend，plan(打算)demand，ask(要求)，promise(答應(yīng))，help(幫忙)，prepare(準(zhǔn)備)，decide，determine(決定)，refuse(拒絕)，dare(敢于)，manage(設(shè)法)，wish，hopewant，expect，fail，pretend(假裝)choose(甘愿)seem,attempt,fail,happen,afford,makeupone’smindto,bedeterminedtowouldlike/loveto=shouldlike/loveto同意提出學(xué)會(huì)的打算，要求答應(yīng)來幫忙。準(zhǔn)備決定遭拒絕，敢于設(shè)法有希望。未能做到莫假裝，選擇破釜沉舟當(dāng)自強(qiáng)。二.只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的詞/詞組avoid,miss,delay\putoff，suggest,finish,practise\practice,enjoy\appreciate,imagine,can’thelp,admit,deny,envy，escape，risk,excuse\pardonstand，keep\keepon,mind,避免錯(cuò)過少延期，建議完成多練習(xí)。喜歡想象禁不住，承認(rèn)否認(rèn)與嫉妒。。逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒，忍受保持不介意。1.Shelookedforwardeveryspringto_____theflower-linedgarden.A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin2.Iwouldappreciate______backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling3.Thedayhehaslookedforwardto______atlast.A.comingB.cameC.comeD.comes三、接動(dòng)名詞、不定式意義不同1)forgettodo/forgetdoing

2)regrettodo/regretdoing3)remembertodo/rememberdoing4)goontodo/goondoing5)meantodo/meandoing6)stoptodo/stopdoing7)trytodo/trydoing8)can’thelp(to)do/can’thelpdoing

★havenothingtodobutdo=havenochoicebuttodo=havetodoIcan’thelpbuttellhimthetruth.1.--Iusuallygotherebytrain.--Whynot______byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing2.--Thelightintheofficeisstillon.--Oh,Iforgot_______.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff3.Hedidn’tremember______himbefore.A.havingmetB.havemetC.tomeetD.tohavingmet4.Goon______theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.A.todoB.doingC.tobedoingD.tobedone5.--Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.--Well,nowIregret_______that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone4.主+謂+間賓+直賓——S+V(vt.)+IO+DO改寫句子1）.Momboughtacomputerforme.2）.Ilentaninterestingstorybooktomyfriendyesterday.Momboughtmeacomputer.Ilentmyfriendaninterestingstorybookyesterday.用for指動(dòng)作的方向，表朝著、對(duì)著某人:用to指動(dòng)作的受益者，表為了某人，替某人:bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等5.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)——S+V(vt.)+O+OC1）昨晚我聽到有人在哭。2）我看到他過了馬路。3）我覺得這本書很有趣。4）互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使我們?cè)诩夜ぷ鞒蔀榱丝赡堋?）老師總是要求我們按時(shí)完成作業(yè)。Iheardsomeonecryinglastnight.Isawhimcrosstheroad.TheInternetmakesitpossibleforustoworkathome.Ifindthebookinteresting.Teachersalwaysaskustofinishhomeworkontime.★see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,catch,hear,listento,feel,have,keep,leave,find,get+sb./sth.+doingsth★find/feel/make/think/consider+it+adj./n.+todosth★see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,have,make,let+sb./sth.+dosth.★find/feel/make/think/consider+sb./sth.+adj./n.請(qǐng)說出下列句子類型:1.Summeriscoming.2.Theywon’tletmego.3.HeshowedmeanewTVset.4.SheknowsFrench.5.Thegassmellsterrible.S+ViS+V+O+CS+V+O1+O2S+V+OS+V+P(二)并列句(compoundsentence):

把兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句用并列連詞或分號(hào)連接起來，則成為一個(gè)并列句。常用并列連詞

平行并列連詞:

轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞：因果并列連詞:

選擇并列連詞:and,both….and….,notonly….butalso….,neither….nor….but,while,yetfor,soor,請(qǐng)用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個(gè)并列句。1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2.Thedressisreallybeautiful.Ican’taffordit.Hewastired,so

hewenttobed.

Thedressisreallybeautiful,but

Ican’taffordit.3.Maryiscooking.Johnisgreetingguests.Maryiscooking,and/whileJohnisgreetingguests.4.Heworkshard.Healsolikeshelpingothers.He

notonlyworkshardbut

alsolikeshelpingothers.(三）復(fù)合句:主句+從句主句是一個(gè)完整的句子(independentsentence),它可以獨(dú)立存在。從句必須和一個(gè)主句連用，不能獨(dú)立存在.WhenIgethomeataboutten,

1Ilookatsomedocuments...2請(qǐng)指出該復(fù)合句的主句和從句:從句主句在復(fù)合句中，主要包含以下類型從句：

1.____________2._____________3._____________

主語從句

賓語從句表語從句

同位語從句名詞性從句定語從句狀語從句指出下列各從句的類型：Ihopethateverythingisallright.ShewasreadingthenewspaperwhenIcamein.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.賓語從句狀語從句定語從句That’swhatpeoplecalltheundergroundinLondon.What引導(dǎo)的表語從句…it’ssocrowdedthatIcan’tfind…so…that…引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,如此…以至于…Weliketogowalkingwheretherearenoshops,crowdsorthetu