doing做定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)

Grammardirectdirect

adj.直接的；坦率的adv.直接地vt.對(duì)準(zhǔn)；指導(dǎo)direction

n.方向[pl.]說(shuō)明書；指引；指導(dǎo)director

n.指導(dǎo)者，主管；董事；導(dǎo)演Canyoudirectme(tothestation)?

你告訴我（到車站）怎麼走好嗎?Shehasadirectwayofspeaking.她說(shuō)話直爽

[重點(diǎn)用法]direct短語(yǔ)：

directsb.toaplace指引某人到某處directsb.todosth.指示/命令某人做某事direct(that)sb./sth.(should)do/bedone

指示/命令某人/事做/被做……[練習(xí)]根據(jù)句子的要求在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1).Hewasdirected_______(介詞)atablebesidethewindow.2).Thejudgedirectedthatthemother_______(give)custodyofthechildren.3).Therewasapoliceofficer_______(direct)thetraffic.Keys:1).to2).begiven3).directing18.starinstarin在……主演；擔(dān)任主角Sheistostarinanewfilm.她將主演一部新影片。[重點(diǎn)用法]star短語(yǔ)：starsb(insth.)使某人擔(dān)任主角；由某人主演1).BenKingsley________________thefilm“Gandhi”.2).ThedirectorwantedtostarMichaelCaine________(介詞)hisnewfilm.Keys:1).starredin2).in

The-ingform主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone-ing可以在句中作主、賓、表、定、狀、賓補(bǔ)。注意：完成式不能用來(lái)作定語(yǔ)。Revision-ing形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的用法TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.

對(duì)他說(shuō)話等于對(duì)牛彈琴。2.Smokingmaycausecancer.

吸煙會(huì)致癌。3.Walkingismysoleexercise.

散步是我唯一的運(yùn)動(dòng)。4.Talkingmendsnoholes.

（諺）空談無(wú)濟(jì)于事。5.Isuggestbringingthemeetingtoanend.

我建議結(jié)束會(huì)議。6.Headmittedtakingthemoney.

他承認(rèn)錢是他拿的。

7.Icouldn’thelplaughing.

我禁不住笑了起來(lái)。8.Yourcoatneedsbrushing.

你的大衣需要刷一下。-ing形式作定語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的用法一、-ing形式作定語(yǔ)

1.單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作定語(yǔ)位于被修飾名詞的前面，既可以表示被修飾者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修飾者的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：

buildingmaterials=materialsforbuilding建筑材料drinkingwater=waterfordrinking飲用水a(chǎn)walkingstick=astickforwalking手杖areadingroom=aroomforreading閱覽室awritingdesk=adeskforwriting寫字臺(tái)

tiringmusic=musicthatistiring煩人的音樂(lè)asurprisingresult=aresultthatissurprising一個(gè)驚人的結(jié)果2.-ing形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),放在所修飾的名詞之后,并且在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.

他們住在一間面朝街的房子。Theman

standingthere

isPeter’sfather.=Theman

whoisstandingthere

isPeter’sfather.

站在那兒的那個(gè)人是彼得的父親。Anybodyswimminginthisriverwillbefined.=Anybodywhoswimsinthisriverwillbefined.在這條河里游泳的任何一個(gè)人都會(huì)被罰款。3.-ing形式短語(yǔ)也可以用作非限制定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)，它與句子其他部分用逗號(hào)分開。如：Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.

他那個(gè)當(dāng)教師的哥哥住在北京。Theappletree,swayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.=Theappletree,whichwasswayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.

那棵蘋果樹碩果累累，在微風(fēng)中輕輕搖曳?，F(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是分詞所修飾的那個(gè)詞。現(xiàn)在分詞的意義1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，表示一個(gè)主動(dòng)的、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：TheprofessorgivingaspeechaboutpollutionnowisfromHarvardUniversity.

正在做關(guān)于污染報(bào)告的教授來(lái)自哈佛大學(xué)。Studentswishingtogohikingshouldsigntheirnameshere.=Studentswhowishtogohikingshouldsigntheirnameshere.要去徒步旅游的學(xué)生在這里簽句。=TheprofessorwhoisgivingaspeechaboutpollutionnowisfromHarvardUniversity.2)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(being+過(guò)去分詞)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：ThefreewaybeingbuiltnowwillleadtoXingangSeaport.正在建設(shè)的高速公路將直通新港碼頭。=ThefreewaywhichisbeingbuiltnowwillleadtoXingangSeaport.3)．現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式“having+過(guò)去分詞”不能作定語(yǔ)，此時(shí)可以用一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句代替。如：你了解昨天發(fā)生的事故嗎?誤：Doyouknowanythingabouttheaccidenthavinghappenedyesterday?正：Doyouknowanythingabouttheaccidentthathappenedyesterday?贏得冠軍的中國(guó)女子排球隊(duì)于昨晚到達(dá)首都機(jī)場(chǎng)。誤：TheChineseWomenVolleyballTeamhavingwonthechampionshiparrivedattheCapitalAirportlastnight.正：TheChineseWomenVolleyballTeamthathadwonthechampionshiparrivedattheCapitalAirportlastnight.1.The____boywaslastseen___neartheEastLake.(2000Shanghai)A.missing,playingB.missing,playC.missing,playedD.missed,toplay2.Doyouknowtheboy____underthebigtree.A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying3.Seeingthesun___abovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.A.toriseB.toraiseC.risingD.raising4._____thelastbusmeanswalkinghome.A.MissB.missedC.MissingD.IfmissingADCC1)在句中的位置：a.單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞前面過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)theaffectedpeopleabrokenheart

losttimeabrokenglass受到感染的人一顆破碎的心

失去的時(shí)間被打破的玻璃杯

b.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)通常后置，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的縮略形式。PeopleexposedtocholerabookswrittenbyMarkTwainthemachinesproducedlastyearpeopleconcernedaboutthefutureoftheearth

=peoplewho/thatwereexposedtocholera=bookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyJack=themachineswhich/thatwereproducedlastyear=peoplewhoareconcernedaboutthefutureoftheearth

2)所表示的時(shí)間過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，或者沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性。Theletterpostedyesterdaywillsoonreachhim.AmericansusealotofproductsmadeinChina.

3)語(yǔ)法功能過(guò)去分詞或過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。

1.ThestolenbikebelongstoJack.

ThebikewhichwasstolenlastweekbelongstoJack.

2.ThelecturegivenbyProfessorZhangisaboutenvironmentprotection.

ThelecturewhichwasgivenbyProfessorZhangisabouttheenvironmentprotection.

1.語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞:表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作過(guò)去分詞:表示已經(jīng)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作Iheardsomeone

openingthedoor.Iheardthedoor

beingopened.Iheardthedoor

opened.4)過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：2.時(shí)間上現(xiàn)在分詞:表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作過(guò)去分詞:表示完成的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作

thefallingleaves正在飄落的樹葉thefallenleaves落葉

adevelopingcountry(發(fā)展中的)adevelopedcountry（發(fā)達(dá)的）Competethesentencesusingthegivenverb.Ihadnothingtodo.Ifelt________(bore)andlonely.Jackwasevenmore_______(amaze)thanheappeared.Thetestresultswerevery_____________(disappoint).Iwasthankedbythe_____________(satisfy)customer.Thegirl___________(dress)inredisherniece.LastMondayourclasswentonan____________(organise)triptotheWestHill.Timlookedupatmewitha_______(confuse)expression.Lucysmiledwith_________(excite)tearsinhereyes.Ihaveneverspentamore_________(worry)day.

bored

amazed

disappointing

satisfied

dressed

organisedconfusedexcitedworryingII.分詞做表語(yǔ)（predicative）1分詞（短語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞.,過(guò)去分詞描述主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或特點(diǎn)Allthewindowsarebroken.Whenshegothome,shefoundthenecklaceisgone.Thisarticleiswellwritten.Mybossseemedsatisfiedwithmywork.Thenewshetoldusisinspiring.Thestorywereadisamusing/interesting/boring.2過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別ing作表語(yǔ)與-ed作表語(yǔ)有何區(qū)別？Theresultofthetestisdisappointing.Ifeeldisappointedwiththeresultofthetest.Thestoryisveryinteresting

Heisinterestedinthebook.Whatasurprisingresult!Iamsurprisedatwhathesaid.過(guò)去分詞-ed現(xiàn)在分詞-ing“某人感到~~的”多形容人,表被動(dòng)的，完成的“令人~~的”,多形容物,表主動(dòng)的，進(jìn)行的interestedexcitiedsatisfiedpuzzledpleasedterrifiedtiredastonisheddisappointedinterestingexcitingsatisfingpuzzlingpleasingterrifingtiringastonishingdisappointing注意過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)和動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，但兩者表達(dá)的意思明顯不同，前者說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，而后者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。Theglassisbroken.Theglassisbrokenbymylittlebrother.過(guò)去分詞done現(xiàn)在分詞doing1.語(yǔ)態(tài)表示已經(jīng)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作2.時(shí)間表示完成的意思表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作1.過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別Sumup

過(guò)去分詞-ed現(xiàn)在分詞–ing“某人感到……的”多形容人,表示被動(dòng)的，完成的“令人……的”,多形容事物,表示主動(dòng)的，進(jìn)行的2.過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別二、-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常放在賓語(yǔ)后面，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過(guò)程或一種狀態(tài)。如：Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstandingattheentrance.

當(dāng)我們回到學(xué)校時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生人站在大門口。Wefoundthesnakeeatingtheeggs.

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)蛇正在吃雞蛋。Ifoundabaglyingontheground.

我發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上放著一個(gè)包。Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.

那老板讓工人整夜地工作。

2.能用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的幾類動(dòng)詞:

1)表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，常見的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等。如：Wesawalightburninginthewindow.Ifeltsomebodypatting

meontheshoulder.Canyousmellanythingburning?Ashespoke,heobservedeverybodylookingathimcuriously.Listentothebirdssinging.Ididn’tnoticehimwaiting.2)表示指使意義的動(dòng)詞，常見的有have,keep,get,catch,leave等。如：Iwon’thaveyoudoing

that.I’msorrytohave

keptyouwaiting.Ican’tgettheclockgoingagain.Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.你看吧，我決不會(huì)做那種事了。

3.see,hear,feel,watch等感官動(dòng)詞之后用-ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：Wepassedbytheclassmatesandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.我們走過(guò)教室，看見老師在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。

（只在走過(guò)教室的剎那間，看見老師正在做實(shí)驗(yàn)）

①前者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而后者表示（或強(qiáng)調(diào)）動(dòng)作從開始到結(jié)束的全過(guò)程。如:Wesatanhourandwatchedtheteachermaketheexperiment.

我們坐了一個(gè)小時(shí)，看老師做實(shí)驗(yàn)。

（一個(gè)小時(shí)之內(nèi)一直在看老師作實(shí)驗(yàn)）

②如果賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是短暫性動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)表示一次動(dòng)作，而-ing形式則表示反復(fù)動(dòng)作。如：Weheardthedoorslam(砰的關(guān)上).Weheardthedoorslamming.(反復(fù)動(dòng)作)(一次動(dòng)作)2.Didyouhearthedogdownstairs_______formostofthenight?3.Frankisverygoodattellingfunnyjokes.Hecanbevery________.4.Youcan’tstopme_____whatIwant.5.Hegavemea_________hugwhenhemetmeattheairport.barkingamusingdoingwelcoming6.Jimhasreallylearntveryfast.Shehasmade__________progress.7.It’sbeenrainingallday.Thisweatheris__________.8.WhenIcameoutofthetheatre,Inoticedagroupofchildren_______musicalinstrumentsacrossthestreet.astonishingdepressingplaying

從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

1.Don’tleavethewater_______whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.run B.runningC.beingrunD.torun2.TellMarythatthere’ssomeone____forheratthedoor.A.waiting B.waited C.waits D.towait3.The_______waitercameuptousandsaid,“Youarewelcome.”A.smiling B.smiled C.smile D.tosmile4.Aphonecallsenthim_______tothehospital.A.hurry B.hurrying C.tohurry D.hurried5.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?A.lay B.lain C.layingD.lying6.IcanhardlyimaginePeter_______acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sail B.tosailC.sailing D.tohavesailed7.Therearelotsofplacesofinterest_______inourcity.

A.needsrepairing B.needingrepaired

C.neededrepairing D.needingtoberepaired8.Thedrunkenhusbandknockedagainstthetableandsentthebowls_______inalldirectionsbeforehewassent_______byhiswife.

A.flying;tosleep B.flying;sleepingC.tofly;tosleeping D.tofly;tosleep9.Whenwegotbackfromthecinema,wefoundthelamp_______butthedoor_______.A.beingon;shut B.burning;shuttingC.burning;shut D.on;shutting10.Asisknowntousall,travelingis_____,butweoftenfeel_____whenwearebackfromtravels.

A.interesting;tired B.interested;tiringC.interesting;tiring D.interested;tired11.Thewomanfounditnogood_____herdaughtertoomuchmoney.A.givingB.beinggivenC.givenD.gave12.Asthestonewastooheavytomove,Ileftit_____ontheground.

A.layingB.layC.lyingD.lain13.John’sbadhabitis_____withoutthoroughunderstanding.

A.readB.beingreadC.tobereadD.reading過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，這些過(guò)去分詞一般來(lái)自及物動(dòng)詞，表被動(dòng)或完成的意義，有時(shí)兩者兼而有之。過(guò)去分詞賓補(bǔ)：1.放在感官動(dòng)詞see,watch，notice,observe,feel,hear等動(dòng)詞之后做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。IwassleepingwhenIheardmynamecalled.Hewasdisappointedtohearhissuggestionsturneddown.過(guò)去分詞與不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞作感官動(dòng)詞賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別:過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)關(guān)系不定式強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過(guò)程現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)他們之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，正在進(jìn)行。Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.Isawhercomingintotheclassroom.Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.2.放在get,have,make,keep,leave等使役動(dòng)詞后表：“使某人或某事被做…”Weshouldkeeptheminformedofwhatisgoingonhere.Janegotherbadtoothpulledoutatthedentist’s.3.放在like,order,want,wish等表示命令，意愿的動(dòng)詞后做賓補(bǔ)，相當(dāng)于過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)前省略了tobe，表示“希望/要求某人或某事被做”Iwishtheseletters(tobe)typedassoonaspossible.Hedidn’twantsuchquestiondiscussedatthemeeting.5.過(guò)去分詞用在with+n./pron.+p.p結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞用在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，Withtheworkfinished,theywenttotheseasideforaholiday.Sheusuallyworksinherstudywithhermotherhelpingher.

with+n./pron.+p.p結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：不定式表示動(dòng)作未發(fā)生(todo)現(xiàn)在分詞表示賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系(doing)過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)(done)e.g:Withtheworkfinished,theywenttotheseasideforaholiday.Withsomuchworktodo,heonlystayedintheoffice.Exercise:Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout2.Mrs.Brownwas