英語演講學習方法

英語口語和演講

學習方法廈門大學英文系教授/博士廈大外語教學法研究室主任廈大外國語言文學所副所長

紀玉華講話就是生產(chǎn)力畢業(yè)論文答辯考研復試求職面試才藝比賽研討發(fā)言匯報工作勸導講解大聲朗讀英語的益處要講好外語，必須從朗讀開始，懂得朗讀規(guī)則，嚴格按規(guī)則訓練，吐字才會清晰，語流才會順暢，語調(diào)才會得體。

怎樣提高你的英語語感?

培養(yǎng)語感成為外語教學的重要任務。王德春

HowtoenhanceyourEnglishlanguagesense?音→詞→句→段朗讀→背誦→默寫堅持背誦→表演背誦→語感朗讀和背誦十項注意(1)天天“五一”，堅持勞動(2)讀“四字經(jīng)”，辨別異同長衣短A/i:,i/;長屋短歐/u:,u/小哀大愛/e,cat/;小阿大阿/cut,a:/(3)元音長短，要看后面清輔音則縮短，濁輔音則延長朗讀和背誦十項注意（4）清濁之別，實則強弱/p,b,t,d,k,g,f,v,s,z,[ch],[joy][sh][sure]（5）丟三落四，事半功倍[drop]Nexttime,holdtheboy,lastsummer（6）首尾相接，一氣呵成[link]I’llaskhimaboutitwhenIseehimagain朗讀和背誦十項注意（7）虛晃一槍，裝模作樣[loss]Blackboard,whitecat,blackcat,Badguy,shortstory,sadstory（8）禮讓三先，化繁為簡[change]Sendmoney,didyou,don’tyouTenboys,tengirls,askedyou朗讀和背誦十項注意（9）欺軟怕硬，厚此薄彼Philosophy,nationality,Iraq,economy,economically,philosophically,techniqueIsuggestyoutalktoherthis

evening.表意重音：實詞重/虛詞輕實詞：動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、疑問代詞、指示代詞。虛詞：介詞[雙音節(jié)介詞除外]、冠詞、連詞、人稱代詞、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞、助動詞。例如：IbelievethecourseIfollowedwithChinaistheonethat’sbestforAmerica,disagreeingwherewehaveseriousdisagreementsandpursuingourcommoninterestwhereIthoughtitwasintheinterestoftheUnitedStates.

邏輯重音：強調(diào)啥就突出啥Isuggestyoutalktoherthisevening.Isuggestyoutalktoherthisevening.Isuggestyoutalktoherthisevening.Isuggestyoutalktoherthisevening.Isuggestyoutalktoherthisevening.Isuggestyoutalktoherthisevening.Isuggestyoutalktoherthisevening.邏輯重音:強調(diào)啥就突出啥Shewastryingtolose

weight.

Shewastryingtoloseweight.Shewastryingtoloseweight.Shewastryingtoloseweight.朗讀和背誦十項注意(10)聽話聽音，鑼鼓聽聲降調(diào)（肯定、不客氣），平調(diào)，升調(diào)（疑問、關(guān)心），降升調(diào)，升降調(diào)升調(diào)客氣，降調(diào)冷淡What’syourname?MayIhaveyourname,please?Whatcompanyareyourepresenting?Howdoyoupronounceyourname,please?WhatpartofAmericaareyoufrom?WhereisyourcompanylocatedinCanada?Whatwouldyouliketohave,teaofcoffee?A:I'mofftoEuropetomorrow.B:Where?

/Where?\Where?=Pleaserepeat,Ididn'tcatchwhatyousaid.

Offtowhere?=Pleaseamplify.WhereinEuropeareyougoing?朗讀和背誦十項注意朗讀技巧演練1：省/連/失/變Lastweek,Iwenttothetheatre.Ihadaverygoodseat.Theplaywasveryinteresting.Ididnotenjoyit.Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme.Theyweretalkingloudly.Igotveryangry.Icouldnotheartheactors.朗讀技巧演練2：省/連/失/變Iturnedroundandlookedatthemanandthewomanangrily.Theydidnotpayanyattention.IntheendIcouldnotbearit.Iturnedroundagain.“Ican’thearaword,”Isaidangrily.“It’snoneofyourbusiness,”theyoungmansaidrudely,“Thisisaprivateconversation.”

朗讀技巧演練3：重音/語調(diào)/手勢TomorrowisMother’sDay,aspecialmomenttoexpressthegratitude,respectandlovewefeelallyearround.Ourmothersgiveuslife;

theyofferusunconditionallove,strongguidanceandthesensethatwecangrowuptodoanythingwecandreamof.朗讀技巧演練4：重音/語調(diào)/手勢Fromourfirstmoments,mothersareourbestteachersandmostselflessfriends.And,likemyownmother,whomImissverymuch,especiallyonMother’sDay,theyrarelyaskforthanks.Amother’smainwishistoseeherchildrengrowuphealthyandhappy.朗讀背誦一舉五得Killfivebirdswithonestone.開口輕松，語流順暢自讀自聽，自然順耳語法是啥？就是語感常做默寫，寫作不難表演背誦，口譯不難通過SPEAKING學習演講Situationwho,where,when,how,what.purpose+essentialpointsP=purpose----Whatyouaregoingtotalkabout,whatyourpurposeofthetalk,whatyouwantyouraudiencetodoafterthetalk.E=Essentialpoints----whatarethemainpointsyouwanttoarguefor?Organizetheminalogicandeasy-to-understandway.

A=ArtisticdeviceArtisticdevicesinclude:Metaphor(Imaginehumanlifeasalonghurdlerace.Weallbeginrunningatthesamestartingpoint,butafterwejumpoverthefirstfewhurdles,someofusstarttoknockdownhurdlesandgraduallydropout.Asmorepeopleareknockingdownhurdles,fewerpeoplearerunningon.Intheend,ofcourse,everyrunnergivesup.)A=Artisticdevice(Whatarethehurdlesandhowcanwelowerthem?Therearefourkindsofhurdles:environment,medicalcare,nutrition,andspirituallife.)Climax[thepowerofthree](Nixon1972:Thereisnoreasonforustobeenemies.Neitherofusseekstheterritoryoftheother;neitherofusseeksdominationovertheother;neitherofusseekstostretchoutourhandsandruletheworld.)A=ArtisticdeviceReagan1984:Neitherofusisanexpansionistpower.Wedonotdesireyourland,noryouours.Wedonotchallengeyourborders.Wedonotprovokeyouranxieties.

K+I=knowledge+illustrationKnowledge----youmustdoenoughresearchonyourtopicandgetreadyforquestionsfromyouraudience.Illustration----specify(where,when,who,what,how,why);personalize(usenamesinsteadofsomeoneoranoldman);humanize(considerhumaninterest);dramatize(usedirectnotindirectspeech)N+G=novelty&gestureNOVELTY----STARTANDENDYOURSPEECHINADIFFERENTANDINTERESTINGWAYBYUSINGQUOTATIONSORSTORIES.(Donotdoontootherswhatyouwillnothavethemdoontoyou.Doontootherswhatyouwillhavedoontoyou.)GESTURE----DESCRIPTIVE(MIMIC),SYMBOLIC(SPACE&TIME).Novelty：5waystomakeyourbeginninginteresting1.Startleyouraudience2.Arousetheircuriosity3.Askarhetoricquestion4.Quoteafamousperson5.TellthemastoryFourwaystoendyourtalkRestateyourmainpointsUseaquotationMakeadramaticstatementReferbacktoyourbeginningstatementGestures:Symbolic