高考英語詞法：介詞詳解講義

高考英語詞法：介詞詳解+鞏固練習(xí)一、定義與分類介詞是一種虛詞，不能單獨(dú)用作句子成分，通常用于名詞或代詞(以及相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞語)之前，表示其后詞語與句中其他詞語之間的關(guān)系。英語介詞從結(jié)構(gòu)上可分為簡單介詞(如about)、合成介詞(如inside)、分詞介詞(如including)和成語介詞(如insteadof)等。二、介詞的賓語介詞的賓語通常是名詞或代詞，若需動詞作賓語，則通常用動名詞形式。但是以下幾種情況比較特殊，考生需注意:1.表示“除了”的介詞but.except后接動詞作賓語，通常用不定式;若其前有do，則不定式不帶to，若其前沒有do，則不定式通常帶to。如:Hewantednothingbuttostaythere.他只是想留在那里。I'vedoneeverythingyouwantedexceptcookthemeals.你要我干的事我全干了，只是還沒做飯。2.介詞可接what從句作賓語，但通常不接that從句作賓語，遇此情況，應(yīng)先在介詞后加上thefact。如:Noonepaidattentiontowhathesaid.沒人注意他說的話。Noonepaidattentiontothefactthathewaspoor.沒人注意他很窮。注:表示“除了”的except后可接that從句。如:Hehasnospecialfaultexceptthathesmokestoomuch.他除了抽煙太多之外，沒有什么特別的毛病。3.在某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中，形容詞、副詞、分詞、介詞短語等可用作介詞賓語。如:It'stoohotinhere.這里面太熱了。Thecatjumpedoutfromunderthebed.貓從床下跳出來。Herpronunciationisfarfromperfect.她的語音遠(yuǎn)不是完美的。Ican'tregardthematterassettled.我不能認(rèn)為這事已經(jīng)解決。三、常見成語介詞搭配1.其他詞+ofaheadof在..之前，比...強(qiáng)causeof因?yàn)閕nsideof在...以內(nèi)，少于insteadof代替，而不outsideof在...外面，除...外regardlessof不顧，不管2.其他詞+toaccordingto根據(jù)asto至于，關(guān)于contraryto違反dueto由于，由于…的原因nearto在..的附近nextto緊挨著，緊次于owingto因?yàn)?，由于thanksto多虧，由于3.in+其他詞+ofinadvanceof在...前面inaidof幫助inbehalfof為了(...的利益)incaseof如果，萬一，以防incelebrationof慶祝inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)，管理indefenceof保衛(wèi)inexplanationof解釋infaceof面對infavourof贊成，主張infrontof在.前面inhonorof紀(jì)念，祝賀，歡迎inmemoryof紀(jì)念inneedof需要inplaceof代替inpossessionof擁有inpraiseof稱贊inrespectof關(guān)于，就...而言insearchof尋找，搜找insightof在看見…的地方inspiteof雖然，盡管insupportof為了支持(擁護(hù))...inviewof鑒于，考慮到4.in+其他詞+forinexchangefor作為對.的交換inpreparationfor為...作準(zhǔn)備inreturnfor作為...的報答inrewardfor作為...的報酬5.in+其他詞+toinadditionto加之，除...之外inanswerto回答，響應(yīng)inreplyto對...的回答(答復(fù))inresponseto回答，響應(yīng)in[with]referenceto關(guān)于in[with]regardto關(guān)于練習(xí)鞏固1.Thisskirtismadeyourmotherherownmeasure.A.for,toB.for;forC.to,toD.for;by2.nsteadofcallinghisuncle,hecalledmynewhousewithhiswifethatdayA.by,forB.on;atC.for,onD.at;by3.Kate'slittlebrotherkickedtheballtotherivershetookareattroubletoaetittheriverA.onB.fromC.fromonD.overfrom4.TheprettygirlisknownthepublicalittlefilmstarherexcellentperformanceinafilmA.inaswithB.toas:forC.among,with:inD.by.for.becauseof5.It'sreallyhotJanuaryinHarbinnow.BettertakeoffyourcoatA.inB.duringC.forD.to6.-Theyallagree_George.Hastheprojectbeenpassed?-WhoGeorgecanmakethefinaldecision?A.exceptexceptB.except;besidesC.but;butD.besides;but7.Sofarseveralshipshavebeenreportedmissing_thecoastofBermuda.A.offB.alongC.onD.around8.-Ilikecoffeewithnothinginit.Whataboutyou?-lprefercoffee_____sugar.A.toB.forC.withD.than9.-I'mgoingtocutthebigtreedown?-What___?A.byB.toC.withD.at10.BrtainhasrecentlyhadahighleveofunemploymentbutthesameistruemanyothercountriesA.atB.fromC.ofD.To答案解析1.A。madeto(one'sown)measure按(某人的)尺寸定做。2.B。callonsb拜訪某人;callataplace去某地。3.C。getsthfrom...從某物取得某物;ontheriver河上。4.B。beknowntosb為某人所知;as作為;beknownfor因…而出名