飛行中人的因素專業(yè)詞匯總結(jié)

人因?qū)I(yè)詞匯（以內(nèi)容劃分）所屬部分英文中文備注10.1.1飛行環(huán)境對(duì)人的影響Lung肺Alveoli肺泡Pharynx咽Throat喉Trachea氣管Bronchi支氣管Capillary毛細(xì)血管Gasexchange氣體交換Metabolism新陳代謝Atrium心房Ventricle心室Artery動(dòng)脈Vein靜脈Coronaryartery冠狀動(dòng)脈Coronaryvein冠狀靜脈Heartrate心率Plasma血漿Serum血清Oxyhemoglobin氧合血紅蛋白Carbonmonoxidehemoglobin一氧化碳血紅蛋白Immunity免疫Immunesystem免疫系統(tǒng)Whitebloodcell白細(xì)胞/白血球Sinuses鼻竇Barometerism；Barflatulency高空腸胃脹氣Aero-otitismedia航空性中耳炎Movementofthesoftpalate運(yùn)動(dòng)軟腭Valsalvamanoeuver捏鼻鼓氣/瓦薩爾瓦捏鼻鼓氣法Swallow吞咽Yawning打哈欠

Stomachache/bellyache腹痛Cyanosis紫紺Cardio-vascularsystem心血管系統(tǒng)Ozone臭氧Cyanide氰化物Alcoholism酗酒/酒精中毒Carbonmonoxidepoisoning一氧化碳中毒Positive-g；positiveacceleration正過載；正加速度Gforces重力加速度Negative-g；minus-g；negativeacceleration負(fù)過載；負(fù)加速度Blackout黒視Grayout灰視Redout紅視Respiratorymucosa呼吸道粘膜Nitrogen氮?dú)釶ressurization增壓Oxygen氧氣Ionizationradiation電離輻射Relativehumidity相對(duì)濕度Respiratorysystem呼吸系統(tǒng)Circulatorysystem循環(huán)系統(tǒng)Hypoxic hypoxia; Altitudehypoxia缺氧性缺氧Anemic hypoxia; Hypemichypoxia貧血性缺氧Stagnanthypoxia循環(huán)停滯性缺氧Histotoxichypoxia組織中毒性缺氧Carbonmonoxide二氧化碳Internalrespiration； tissuerespiration內(nèi)呼吸；組織呼吸Externalrespiration；pulmonaryrespiration外呼吸；肺呼吸Tingling刺痛感Tunnelvision管狀視覺Progressive/Slowdecompression緩慢失壓

Rapid/Explosivedecompression快速失壓；爆炸性減壓TUC (time of usefulconsciousness)有用意識(shí)時(shí)間Hyperventilation換氣過度Dizziness頭昏DCS(decompressionsickness)減壓??；高空減壓Oticbarotrauma中耳氣壓性損傷Scubadiving水肺潛水/斯庫(kù)巴潛水Tinnitus耳鳴Redbloodcell紅血球Platelets血小板Hemoglobin血紅蛋白Oxygensaturation血氧飽和度Incapacitation失能Cumulativeeffect累積效應(yīng)Systolicpressure收縮壓Diastolicpressure舒張壓Donatingblood獻(xiàn)血Nausea惡心Convulsion痙攣Lungcancer肺癌Carbonicacid碳酸10.1.2飛行生理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)Nervoussystem神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)Centralnervoussystem中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)Peripheralnervoussystem周圍神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)Spinalcord脊髓Cerebrum大腦Cerebellum小腦Brainstem腦干Efferentnerve傳出神經(jīng)Afferentnerve傳入神經(jīng)Sensorynerve感覺神經(jīng)Motornerve運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)

Receptor感受器Unconditionedreflex無條件反射Autonomicnervoussystem自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)Absolutethresholds絕對(duì)閾限D(zhuǎn)ifferentialthreshold差別閾限Sensitivity感受性Reflexarc反射弧Lens晶狀體Ciliarymuscles睫狀肌Cornea角膜Retina視網(wǎng)膜Opticnerve視神經(jīng)Iris虹膜Photoreceptor感光細(xì)胞Rod視桿細(xì)胞Cone視錐細(xì)胞Visualacuity視敏度Staticvisualacuity靜態(tài)視敏度Dynamicvisualacuity動(dòng)態(tài)視敏度Glare眩光Psychologicalglare心理眩光Physiologicalglare生理眩光Snowblindness雪盲癥；強(qiáng)光盲Adaption適應(yīng)Lightadaptation明適應(yīng)Fovea中央凹Blindspot生理盲點(diǎn)Nightblindspot夜間盲點(diǎn)Darkadaptation暗適應(yīng)Nightvision夜間視覺Visualfield視野Effectivevisualdistance有效視覺距離Binocularvision雙眼視覺Monocularvision單眼視覺

Binocularparallax雙眼視差Binocularconvergence雙眼輻合Structuregradient結(jié)構(gòu)級(jí)差；結(jié)構(gòu)梯度Aerialperspective空氣透視Linearperspective線條透視Motionparallax運(yùn)動(dòng)視差A(yù)ccommodation(eye)眼調(diào)節(jié)Externalauditorycanal外耳道Tympaniccavity鼓室Cochlea耳蝸Hearingloss聽力損失Auditoryfatigue聽覺疲勞Auditoryadaption聽覺適應(yīng)Ergonomics工效；工效學(xué)Angularacceleration角加速度Linearacceleration線加速度Vomit嘔吐Muscletremor；Musclevibration肌肉震顫Upperrespiratory上呼吸道Spatialorientation空間定向Hearingthresholdshift聽閾偏移Emptyfieldmyopia空虛視野近視Nightmyopia夜間近視Innerear內(nèi)耳Eardrum鼓膜Eustachiantube咽鼓管Vestibularsense前庭覺Vestibularsystem前庭Vestibularapparatus前庭器官Otolithorgan耳石器Semicircularcanals半規(guī)管Motionsickness運(yùn)動(dòng)??；暈機(jī)病Proprioceptivesystem本體感受器Kinestheticsense肌肉運(yùn)動(dòng)知覺

Flightillusion飛行錯(cuò)覺Spatialdisorientation空間失定向，空間錯(cuò)覺Vestibularillusion前庭錯(cuò)覺Visualillusion視錯(cuò)覺Falsehorizonillusion虛假天地線錯(cuò)覺Somatogravicillusion軀體重力錯(cuò)覺Leansillusion傾斜錯(cuò)覺Blackholeeffect黑洞效應(yīng)Whiteholeeffect；Whitesnoweffect白洞效應(yīng)；白雪覆蓋效應(yīng)Inclinationillusion“矯正性”傾斜錯(cuò)覺Somatogyralillusion軀體旋動(dòng)錯(cuò)覺Oculogravicillusion眼重力錯(cuò)覺Oculogyralillusion眼旋動(dòng)錯(cuò)覺Coriolisillusion科里奧利錯(cuò)覺Inversionillusion倒翻錯(cuò)覺10.1.3健康與衛(wèi)生Coronaryheartdisease冠心病Bloodfat；Lipid血脂Acutemyocardialinfarction急性心肌梗塞Cold；Catchacold；Influenza感冒；流感Presbycusis老年性耳聾Susceptibility易感性Sleepingpill安眠藥Aspirin阿司匹Codeine可待因Benzedrine苯丙胺Anti-histamine抗組胺Decongestants抗充血Over-the-counterdrug非處方藥/柜臺(tái)藥物(OTC)Doctor'sadvice；Medicalorders醫(yī)囑；醫(yī)學(xué)咨詢Strokes中風(fēng)Heartattack心臟病Anginapectoris心絞痛

Suddendeath猝死Disability失能Stomachupset胃腸不適Hypertension高血壓Hypotension低血壓Bloodpressure血壓Obesity肥胖Alcohol酒精Smoking吸煙Euphoria興奮性/愉悅感Caffeine咖啡因Nicotine尼古丁Carbonmonoxide一氧化碳Depressant；Tranquilizer鎮(zhèn)靜劑Stimulant興奮劑Drugabuse藥物濫用Hyperopia遠(yuǎn)視Myopia近視Presbyopia老花眼Glaucoma冃光眼Cataracts白內(nèi)障Astigmatism散光Colorblindness色盲10.2.1人類的信息加工Informationprocessing信息加工Sensation感覺Perception知覺Subjectivity主觀性Expectation期望Perceptualdistortion歪曲知覺Referencesystem參照系統(tǒng)Selectiveattention選擇性注意Dividedattention注意分配Concentration注意集中Sensorymemory感覺記憶；瞬時(shí)記憶

Sensoryregister感覺登記Short-termmemory短時(shí)記憶Workingmemory工作記憶Chunk組塊Long-termmemory長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶Proceduralmemory程序性記憶Declarativememory陳述性記憶Episodicmemory情境記憶Semanticmemory語(yǔ)義記憶Threshold閾限Sensorythreshold感覺閾限Sensoryadaptation感覺適應(yīng)Encoding編碼Storage儲(chǔ)存Retrieval提取Forgetting遺忘Forgettingcurve遺忘曲線Proactiveinhibition前攝抑制Retroactiveinhibition倒攝抑制Decaytheory衰退理論Memorytrace記憶痕跡Convergentthinking聚合思維Divergentthinking發(fā)散思維Mindset；Thinkingset思維定勢(shì)；固著Attentionspan,attentionrange注意的廣度Attentionstability注意穩(wěn)定性Distraction注意力分散Vigilance；Alertness警覺Monitoring監(jiān)控Fault錯(cuò)Error忘Omission漏Learningstyle學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格Conditionedreflex條件反射

Classicalconditioningtheory經(jīng)典條件反射理論Operantconditioningtheory操作性條件反射理論Sociallearningtheory社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)理論Cognitivelearningtheory認(rèn)知學(xué)習(xí)理論InvertedU-shapedcurve倒U型曲線Internaldrive內(nèi)驅(qū)力Externaldrive外驅(qū)力Insight頓悟Technicalskill技術(shù)技能Non-technicalskill非技術(shù)技能Actionskill;physicalskill動(dòng)作技能Mentalskill心智技能Flightskill；Flyingskill飛行技能；駕駛技能10.2.2壓力與疲勞Arousal喚醒Stress應(yīng)激；壓力Stressor應(yīng)激源Acutestress急性應(yīng)激Chronicstress慢性應(yīng)激Physiologicalstress生理性應(yīng)激Psychologicalstress心理性應(yīng)激Alarmstage警覺反應(yīng)階段Resistancestage抵抗階段Exhaustionstage衰竭階段Generaladaptationsyndrome一般適應(yīng)綜合征（GAS）Yerkes-Dorsonlaw葉克斯-道森定律Anxiety焦慮Fatigue疲勞EEG腦電圖Sleeppattern睡眠模式Slow-wavesleep慢波睡眠Fast-wavesleep快波睡眠Rapideyemovementsleep(REMsleep)快速眼動(dòng)睡眠

Narcolepsy嗜睡癥Insomnia失眠Accumulativeeffect累積效應(yīng)Sleeploss睡眠缺失Sleepdeprivation睡眠剝奪Circadianrhythms晝夜生物節(jié)律Circadiandysrhythmia;Circadianrhythmdisturbance晝夜生物節(jié)律擾亂Endogenicrhythm內(nèi)源性節(jié)律Biologicalclock生物鐘Timedifference時(shí)差Jetlag；Timedifferenceeffect時(shí)差效應(yīng)Desynchronization去同步Resynchronization再同步Mentalrelaxation；Psychologicalrelaxation心理放松Physicalfitness體適能10.2.3人格、態(tài)度與行為Personality人格Character個(gè)性/性格Temperament氣質(zhì)Attitude態(tài)度Cognitivecomponent認(rèn)知成分Affectivecomponent情感成分Behaviortendency/intention行為傾向Intrinsic/Innermotivation內(nèi)部動(dòng)機(jī)Extrinsic/Externalmotivation外部動(dòng)機(jī)Heredity遺傳Self-concept自我概念Needs需要Lowlevel/Basicneeds低級(jí)需要Advance/Seniorneeds咼級(jí)需要Belongingnessandlove歸屬與愛的需要

Self-esteemneeds尊重需要Self-actualizationneeds自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的需要Motivation動(dòng)機(jī)Self-discipline自律；自我約束Professionalethics職業(yè)道德10.3.1情景意識(shí)Situationawareness情景意識(shí)Situationawarenessloss情景意識(shí)喪失Anticipation;Projection預(yù)期，預(yù)測(cè)Operationaldistraction營(yíng)運(yùn)性注意力分散Non-operationaldistraction非營(yíng)運(yùn)性注意力分散10.3.2交流Communication交流Verbalcommunication言語(yǔ)交流Non-verbalcommunication非言語(yǔ)交流Explicitcommunication顯性溝通Implicitcommunication隱性溝通Feedback反饋Communicationbarriers交流障礙Conflict沖突10.3.3工作負(fù)荷Workload工作負(fù)荷Workperformance工作績(jī)效Overload超負(fù)荷10.3.4領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與協(xié)作Trans-Cockpitauthoritygradient駕駛艙職權(quán)梯度Leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)Leaderstyle領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格Co-ordination協(xié)作Managementstyle管理風(fēng)格Autocratic權(quán)威-服從型Laissezfaire自由主義型Self-centeredness自我中心型Democratic民主型Countryclub鄉(xiāng)村俱樂部型10.3.5決策Aviationdecisionmaking(ADM)航空決策

Participatoryleader參與式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)Hazardousattitude危險(xiǎn)態(tài)度Anti-authority反權(quán)威Impulsivity沖動(dòng)Invulnerability僥幸Macho炫耀Resignation屈服Riskassessment；Riskevaluation風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估Problemsolving問題解決Peerpressure同伴壓力Mindset定勢(shì)/固著Anchoringeffect錨定效應(yīng)Speculativementality投機(jī)心態(tài)Overconfident過度自信10.3.6文化、SOP與CRMCulture文化Stan