高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)備考策略-主題句的位置及其擴(kuò)展范例

英語(yǔ)主題句的位置及其擴(kuò)展范例

主題句：為一個(gè)完整的句子，用以概括、敘述和說(shuō)明該段的主題。主題句一般位于段首，也可置于段尾或段中。

無(wú)論是中文還是英語(yǔ)抑或其他語(yǔ)言，我們知道寫(xiě)文章勢(shì)必要有一個(gè)中心思想，而每個(gè)段落只能有一個(gè)主題（centralidea），它用一個(gè)句子加以表達(dá)，就是主題句。幾個(gè)主題句的精彩寫(xiě)作不僅會(huì)讓文章條理分明，更能夠很好的詮釋文章主題思想，可謂是文章的架構(gòu)靈魂，所以，寫(xiě)好主題句對(duì)一篇文章的好壞有著至關(guān)重要的作用。

寫(xiě)好主題句的方法1、主題句要概括一定內(nèi)容，不要空泛，否則擴(kuò)展句將難以說(shuō)明和支持它，例如：空泛：Englishlanguageisveryimportant.概括：Englishlanguageisveryimportantinourdailylife.空泛：TheOlympicGamesareexciting.概括：IntheOlympicGamesthefootballteamsfrommanycountriescompeteintensely.2、盡量使用簡(jiǎn)單句或簡(jiǎn)潔明了的句子，例如：：簡(jiǎn)潔：Collectingstampsisherhobby.復(fù)雜:

Shelikescollectingstampswhichisherhobby.簡(jiǎn)潔:

IenjoyedwatchingGonewiththewindverymuch.復(fù)雜：GonewiththewindwasagoodfilmwhichIenjoyedwatchingverymuch.

寫(xiě)好主題句的方法3、主題句應(yīng)該做到句子完整和表達(dá)的主題思想完整：不完整：Howtowriteacomposition.完整：Howtowriteacompositionisnotaneasythingtotalkabout.不完整：Iftheweatherhadbeenfine.完整：Ifithadbeenfine,wewouldhavehadagoodtime.

寫(xiě)好主題句的方法4、關(guān)鍵詞是直接表達(dá)主題的詞匯，它決定段落的內(nèi)容和展開(kāi)的方法，引導(dǎo)整個(gè)段落的發(fā)展，例如：Thereareseveralwaystoboilthewater.Thetaskcanbefinishedinthreesteps.ThereisanewmethodtoreducethecostSmokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?

正三角形寫(xiě)作法：即中心主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，提出主題，隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想。這是英語(yǔ)中最常見(jiàn)的演繹法寫(xiě)作方式。

Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance

倒三角形寫(xiě)作法：即主題句出現(xiàn)在文尾。在表述細(xì)節(jié)后，歸納要點(diǎn)、印象、結(jié)論、建議或結(jié)果，以概括主題。這是英語(yǔ)中最常見(jiàn)的歸納法寫(xiě)作方式。

Whenwewatchapersonwalkawayfromus,hisimageshrinksinsize.Butsinceweknowthatheisnotshrinking,wemakeanunconsciouscorrectingand“see”himasretaininghistruestature.Pastexperiencetellsuswhathistruestatureiswithrespecttoourown.Anysaneanddependableexpectationofthefuturerequiresthathehasthesamestaturewhenwenextencounterhim.Ourperceptionisthusaprediction;itembracesthepastandthefutureaswellasthepresent.

倒三角形寫(xiě)作法：即主題句出現(xiàn)在文尾。在表述細(xì)節(jié)后，歸納要點(diǎn)、印象、結(jié)論、建議或結(jié)果，以概括主題。這是英語(yǔ)中最常見(jiàn)的歸納法寫(xiě)作方式。

Goodmannersareimportantinallcountries,butwaysofexpressinggoodmannersaredifferentfromcountrytocountry.Americanseatwithknivesandforks;Japaneseeatwithchopsticks.Americanssay“Hi”whentheymeet;Japanesebow.ManyAmericanmenopendoorsforwomen;Japanesemendonot.Onthesurface,itappearsthatgoodmannersinAmericaarenotgoodmannersinJapan,andinawaythisistrue.Butinanycountry,theonlymannersthatareimportantarethoseinvolvingoneperson’sbehaviortowardanotherperson.Inallcountriesitisgoodmannerstobehaveconsideratelytowardothersandbadmannersnotto.Itisonlythewayofbehavingpolitelythatdiffersfromcountrytocountry.圓形寫(xiě)作法：即首尾呼應(yīng)的寫(xiě)作方法。突出主題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題，這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫(xiě)作方式也較為多見(jiàn)。通常，前后表述主題的句子不是簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù)，后面的表述往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。

Shortlyafterthewarended,LincolnwasshotwhileattendingaplayinaWashingtontheater.Hediedwithinafewhours.Theuncontrolledemotionalreactionofthenationtohisdeathwasalmostunbelievableanddemonstratedthedeepesteeminwhichhewasheld.Newspaperswereedgedwithblack;religiousleadersgavepraiseofLincolninsteadoftheirpreparedsermons.HisfuneralprocessioninWashingtonwasmileslong.Lincoln’sbodywastakenbytrainbacktohisformerhomeinSpringField,Illinois,butinallthemajorcitiesthroughwhichthetrainpassed,thecoffinwasparadedthroughstreetslinedwithsorrowfulthousands.Inthesmalltownsthroughwhichthetrainpassed,bellsranginhonorofthedeadPresident.Citizenslittorchesalongtherailroadtracktoshowtheirlastrespects.菱形寫(xiě)作法：即主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的中間，通常前面只提出問(wèn)題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出，而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋、支撐或發(fā)展。

Youdreameachnight,eventhoughyoumaynotrememberyourdreams.Whileyoudreamyoureyesmoveandyourheartbeatsfaster.Evenyourbrain-wavepatternchanges.Somescientiststhinkthatdreamingisimportantforthesakeofhealth.Theyclaimthatwithoutdream,peoplewouldgocrazy.Q:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytells?A.HowpeoplestayhealthyB.WhysleepisnecessaryC.WhydreamsareimportantD.Whenpeopleremembertheirdreams

菱形寫(xiě)作法：即主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的中間，通常前面只提出問(wèn)題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出，而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋、支撐或發(fā)展。In2099youwillsleeplaterbecauseyourjobwillstartlaterinthemorning.Besides,machineswilldomostofyourroutineworkforyou.Also,youwilltraveltoworkonamovingsidewalk.Furthermore,youwilltalktofriendsonapicturephone.Finally,youwilltakelongervacationsinmoredistantplacessincetransportationwillbesomuchfasterandcheaper.

Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellsus?A.In2099youwillgotoworklaterinthemorning.B.In2099machineswilldomostofyourwork.C.In2099yourlifewillbequitedifferent.D.In2099fastertransportationwillmaketravelingeasier.

正方形寫(xiě)作法：即中心主題句隱含在全文之中，沒(méi)有明確的主題句。在這種情況下，讀者要把所有的細(xì)節(jié)綜合起來(lái)，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納出主題句。

TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfour

years,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.

正方形寫(xiě)作法：即中心主題句隱含在全文之中，沒(méi)有明確的主題句。在這種情況下，讀者要把所有的細(xì)節(jié)綜合起來(lái)，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納出主題句。

英語(yǔ)主題句擴(kuò)展范例當(dāng)主題句指出一個(gè)地點(diǎn)、場(chǎng)景等時(shí),可以按作者所在位置中心或從某物開(kāi)始進(jìn)行描寫(xiě),一般是按遠(yuǎn)近、大小或上下等空間的順序擴(kuò)展。

Mystudyisnotbig,butitisverytidy.Ithastwowindows.Thereisadeskandachairbyoneofthewindows.Pens,pencilsandpaperareonthedesk.Ataperecorderisontheright,andareadinglampisontheleft.Thereisamaponthewall.Abovethemapisaclock.Abookcasestandsinacorneroftheroom.Therearebooks,dictionaries,magazinesandnewspapersinit.TheyareinEnglish,French,Chineseandsomeotherlanguages.Theyareagreathelptome.當(dāng)主題句指出某個(gè)人物、因素、步聚時(shí),一般用分項(xiàng)法逐一展開(kāi)。常用first……,second……,last……等詞連接。

SpanishspeakingAmericansfallintofourlargegroups.Onegroup,thelargest,istheMexicanAmericans.ThisgroupcameacrosstheRioGrandeandsettledintheSouthwest.PuertoRicans,thesecondgroup,settledmainlyinNewYorkCity.TheVotingRightsActof1965gavethem,alongwithotherforeignlanguagespeakingcitizens,therighttovotewithouthavingtoreadandwriteEnglish.Cubans,thethirdgroup,arrivedintheearly1960s.TheywerefleeingfromCuba.Philippines,thefourthgroup,settledmainlyontheWestCoast.ThesefourgroupsofSpanishspeakingAmericansmakeuponeoflargestminoritygroupinthenation.當(dāng)主題句指出一個(gè)事件、故事等敘事性陳述時(shí),一般按時(shí)間的先后順序擴(kuò)展。Georgegoesthroughthesamemorningroutineeveryweekday.Atsixheiswakenedbyanalarmclockandgetsup.Thenheshaves,brusheshisteeth,washeshisface,anddresses.Afterthatheexercisesdeepbreathinginthegardenfortenminutes.Thenhehasbreakfastandreadsthemorningnewspaper.Atseventhirtyhesaysgoodbyetohisfamilyandleavesforhisoffice.

當(dāng)主題句指出一個(gè)論點(diǎn)、定義、抽象概念或需要解釋的問(wèn)題,一般按舉例法擴(kuò)展。舉例就是用具體、形象、簡(jiǎn)單、典型的事例去說(shuō)明或解釋抽象的道理,復(fù)雜的概念或深?yuàn)W的知識(shí)。這種方法的特點(diǎn)是具體、明晰、典型、易懂,能增強(qiáng)說(shuō)明力和感染力。

Travellingisakindofeducation.Forexample,visitingplacesofhistoricinterestcanenrichyourknowledgeofhistory.Inaddition,whiletravelling,youcanlearnaboutmanyartformsandarchitecturedifferentfromyourown.Inthisway,youcanbroadenyourhorizon.Fi