practical-writing-實(shí)用寫作解析

PracticalEnglishWritingPartILettersandCommunications(書信、電函類)Part2FormsandCards(表格、卡片類)Part3NotesandBills(便條、條據(jù)類)Part4AdvertisementsandPublicSigns(廣告、標(biāo)識(shí)類)Part1LettersandCommunications

(書信與電函)一、TypesofEnglishLetterspersonalLettersbusinessLettersfamilylettersloveletterslettersofappointmentsLettersofInvitation邀請(qǐng)信Thank-youLetters感謝信LettersofCongratulation慶賀信LettersofApologies致歉信LettersofConsolation慰問信LettersofCondolence吊唁信LettersofRequests懇求信LettersofIntroduction介紹信LettersofRecommendation舉薦信LettersofApplication求職信LettersofCertification證明信LettersofComplaint投訴信1.Heading信頭,即寫信人的地址2.Date日期3.Insideaddress信內(nèi)地址，即收信人地址4.Salutation稱呼5.Body正文6.ComplimentaryClosing結(jié)束敬語(yǔ)7.Signature署名二、TheStructureofEnglishLettersI’mwritinginresponsetoyouradvertisementforaPA/SecretarytotheManagingDirector.…Iwillbeavailableforinterviewatanytime,andlookforwardtohearingfromyou.MailboxNo.23,GXuniversityNanning,Guangxi,ChinaDearSir/Madam,Yoursfaithfully,WilliamJeremySmithNov.7,2011insideaddresssalutationdateheadingbodycomplimentaryclosingsignatureLiGangPeaceHotel1818LingXiaRoadBeijing,ChinaBlockFormat齊頭式,即每一項(xiàng)構(gòu)成要素都頂格書寫。Paragraph-IndentedFormat縮行式,即每段開頭都空五格,信頭,日期寫在右上方,結(jié)束語(yǔ),簽名寫在右下方。ModifiedBlockFormat混合式,即每段開頭頂格寫,信頭,日期,結(jié)束語(yǔ),簽名的位置與縮行式相同。三、TheFormatofEnglishLetters信頭包括寄信人地址或某公司的名稱、地址、電話、電傳、傳真、郵編、電子信箱地址或網(wǎng)址等。headingEASTERNTEXTILESIMP.&EXP.CO.,LTD.34297ShangchengRoad,Shanghai,China(Tel:6606811Fax:6507631Http://E-mail:bcxbcx@21)地址的書寫依次是由小到大:第一行寫寄信人的門牌號(hào)碼、街道名稱;其次行先寫城鎮(zhèn)、縣市名稱，再寫省或州名稱，往右空兩個(gè)字母的位置，再寫上郵編。假如是寄往國(guó)外的信件，第三行寫出寄信人所在國(guó)家的名稱。英文地址的寫法和中文相反，口訣：由小到大

(e.g.:號(hào)—弄—巷—路/街—城市—國(guó)家)號(hào)

No.(Number)樓

F(Floor)室Rm.(Room)弄Aly(Alley)巷L(fēng)n.(Lane)路Rd.(Road)街St.(Street)段Sec.(Section)區(qū)

Dist.(District)縣

County市City大道Ave.(Avenue)省Province國(guó)家名…日期應(yīng)寫在寄信人地址下方，表達(dá)方式各不相同。通常英式按日/月/年的依次，而美式按月日年的依次。留意：年份寫全，不行省略；月份用英文單詞表示，不行用數(shù)字替代（一般信函可縮寫，較正式的公函需寫全）；日期用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字基數(shù)詞表示即可。

2ndDecember,2011

December2nd,2011

2December,2011

December2,2011DaysandMonths

7daysoftheweek12monthsoftheyear信內(nèi)地址應(yīng)寫在信箋左上方，與信封上的地址完全一樣。第一行寫收信人姓名（稱呼語(yǔ)+全名）；商務(wù)信函中還需另起一行寫出職務(wù)；收信人地址應(yīng)精確完整。Mr.FrankBrownjob

titlereceiver’s

addressinsideaddressPublicRelationsManager305

Queens

DriveSafewayLaboratoriesreceiver’s

nameDearSir/Madam,salutation稱呼應(yīng)寫在信內(nèi)地址下，其左邊要與信內(nèi)地址第一行對(duì)齊。英文書信的稱呼一般都是以Dear…或Mydear…開頭的。1.親近熟悉的人:Dear/Mydear+稱呼或名字。2.長(zhǎng)輩、關(guān)系一般、不相識(shí)：Dear+“先生/女士/教授”3.機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、公司、工廠或?qū)W校：DearSirorMadam,Towhomitmayconcern.DearSir/Madam,稱呼下面隔一兩行起先寫正文。齊頭式段落之間確定要空一行，縮進(jìn)式通常不空。這樣做是為了讓段落劃分清晰，在應(yīng)試作文中尤其不行忽視。I’mwritinginresponsetoyouradvertisementforaPA/SecretarytotheManagingDirector.…AlthoughIdidnothavetotravelinmypreviousjob,Iwouldbeverywillingtodoso.Iwillbeavailableforinterviewatanytime,andlookforwardtohearingfromyou.body1、開宗明義說意圖書信正文寫作的五點(diǎn)要求I’mwritingto....I’mwritingtoyouinthehopethat....Ishouldbeverygratefulifyoucould....I’msorrytobotheryou,but....2、詢問/建議1、2、3、3、不同內(nèi)容可分段4、感謝客氣不行少5、期盼回信成老套I’mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Ihopetoreceiveyourresponseshortly.Bestwishestoyou.Withmybestwishes.Yoursfaithfully,開頭字母要大寫，末尾用逗號(hào)。結(jié)束語(yǔ)也稱敬語(yǔ)，運(yùn)用時(shí)也應(yīng)因人而異，取決于發(fā)信人與收信人之間的關(guān)系或熟悉程度。1.家人親戚:Yourlovingmother/son/brother;Yourslovingly,Withlove,Allmyloveetc.2.長(zhǎng)輩或一般摯友：Yoursrespectfully/sincerely,Yourstrulyetc.3.機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、學(xué)校等：Yoursfaithfully/sincerely,YplementarycloseYoursfaithfully,WilliamJeremySmith寫信人要在結(jié)束語(yǔ)下面簽名，以表示對(duì)信件中的全部?jī)?nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。簽名最好是寫信人的親筆，手寫后可附打印的全名。signature四、StylesofEnglishEnvelopes如要說明信件由何種郵路遞送或信件為何種類別，一般在信封正面的左下角注明。航空

ByAirMail掛號(hào)

Registered印刷品

PrintedMatter快件

Express內(nèi)有照片

PhotoEnclosed如信件需由別人或單位轉(zhuǎn)交給收信人，則需在轉(zhuǎn)交人前面加上C/O（careof）后跟轉(zhuǎn)交人的姓名地址。如宋力托李娜轉(zhuǎn)交一封信給李明，信封格式為：SongLiNo.1MiddleSchoolNantong,226000JiangsuLiMingC/OLiNaBeijingUniversityBeijing,100871如不須要郵寄，只需寫上受托人和收信人的姓名即可。先寫收信人，再用Bycourtesyof,Throughcourtesyof,Byfavorof引出所托之人的姓名。LiMingBycourtesyofLiNa面交信(宋力本人當(dāng)面交給收信人的信)：SongLiPresent

Practice

GeorgeWangwillwritealettertohispenpal,MikeClinton.Mike’saddressis:1025LongStreet,SanFrancisco,CA94101,U.S.A.AndGeorge’saddressis:23,Alley4,Lane130,Sec.IINankingEastRd.Taipei,Taiwan,R.O.C.Pleasewriteanenvelopeforhim.

MikeClinton1025LongStreet,SanFrancisco,CA94101U.S.Asender’snameandaddressreceiver’snameandaddressGeorgeWang

23,Alley4,Lane130,

Sec.IINankingEastRd.

Taipei,Taiwan104

R.O.C.

1.寫給家人、親戚或關(guān)系親密的摯友等人時(shí)，一般在Dear或Mydear之后分別加上親屬關(guān)系的稱呼或直書其名。如：DearFather,Mydearson,DearJohn,Mydearuncle等。2.寫給年長(zhǎng)或關(guān)系一般的摯友、同事等時(shí)，習(xí)慣在Dear之后用“先生”、“小姐”等之類的稱呼再加上某人的姓氏。如：DearMr.Smith,DearProfessorSmith,DearChairmanSmith。3.寫給機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、公司、學(xué)校等單位時(shí)，一般用(Dear)Sir(s’),Madam,DearSir/Madam,Gentlemen,Towhomitmayconcern等。五、英文書信常用稱呼1.寫給家人、親戚時(shí)，一般用Yourlovingfather(son),Yoursveryaffectionately,YoursLovingly,Withlove,Lovingly,Withallthebest,Loveandallgoodwishes等。2.寫給摯友、同事、同學(xué)等時(shí)，一般用Yoursrespectively,Yourssincerely,Yoursobediently,Yourstruly,Yourscordially,Withbestwishes等。3.寫給機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、公司、學(xué)校等單位時(shí)，一般用Yoursfaithfully,Yourssincerely,Yourstruly等。（結(jié)束語(yǔ)的第一個(gè)字母應(yīng)大寫，其中以Y開頭的結(jié)束語(yǔ)的次序可以顛倒。如：Sincerelyyours,Cordiallyyours---）六、英文書信常用結(jié)束語(yǔ)1.Ishouldbeverygladifyouwouldcometodinnerwithmeatmyhomeat7a.m.onFriday,April24.2.WouldyouliketogoswimmingwithmenextSunday?3.Itwouldbeveryniceifyouandyourwifewouldcomeandspendtheweekendwithus?4.Wehopeyoucancomeandlookforwardtoseeingyoubythen.5.Willyoudousthefavorofjoiningourparty?6.Youarecordiallyinvitedtothedinnerparty.7.We’llbelookingforyoutwocharmingpeopleatthattime,sodon’tdisappointus.七、邀請(qǐng)信常用套語(yǔ)1.Manythanksforyourkindandwarmletter.2.Pleaseacceptmyprofoundappreciationfor---3.Wearegreatlyindebtedtoyouforyourhelp.4.Thankyousomuchforyourgeneroushospitality.5.Youcouldn’thavegivenmeanythingthatIwouldenjoymore.6.Itwasmostkindofyoutosendusagiftandsuchahandsomeone!7.Yournoteofcongratulationsisdeeplyappreciated.8.IhopesomethingwillbringyoutomyhometownsoonsothatIcanreturnyourkindness.八、感謝信常用套語(yǔ)1.WearedelightedtolearnthatyouhaveenteredBejingUniversity.2.Acceptmysincerestcongratulationsonyour---3.Heartycongratulationsandgoodwishesonthismilestoneinyourlife.4.Manyhappyreturns(oftheday).祝你長(zhǎng)壽(敬祝佳節(jié))5.Mayyouhavemany,manyhappybirthdays,andalwayskeepthatlonelinessandcharmwhichGodgaveyou.祝你年年生日快樂,恒久保持天生麗質(zhì)與魅力。6.Ilookforwardtogreetingyouonyourgoldenweddinganniversary.Mayyouhavemanygoldenyears.7.PrayacceptmybestandsincerestwishesfortheNewYear.九、慶賀信常用套語(yǔ)1.Iamextremelysorry---2.Ioweyouanapologyfor---3.Isincerelyregret---4.ItiswithsentimentsofprofoundregretthatIamwritingthisletterofapologytoyou.5.HowcanIapologizeformissingourdateyesterday?6.Ihumblybegyourforgivenessformynegligence.7.Itrustyouwilloverlookthismistake,whichIexceedinglyregret.8.Athousandpardons,andlet’smeetagainwhenyoureturn.十、致歉信常用套語(yǔ)1.Wewishyouaspeedyrecovery.2.We’resureitwon’tbelongbeforeyou’rebackonyourfeetagain.3.Beingmuchconcernedaboutyourailment,Ihastentooffermyheartysympathy.4.Wejustcan’ttellyouhowanxiousweweretolearnofyour---5.HowgrievedIamtohearofyour---6.IshallbeverymuchdelightedifIcanbeofanyservicetoyou.7.PleaseletmeknowwhatIcandotohelp.十一、慰問信常用套語(yǔ)1.Iwasterriblysorrytohearofthedeathof---2.Ican’ttellyouhowsaddenedIwas.3.Iamsorelygrievedtolearnofthedeathofyourfather,forwhomIhadthegreatestadmirationandregard.4.TearsstreamdownmycheekswhenIcallthelookofthedeceasedwhichinlife.當(dāng)我回想起死者生前容貌時(shí),禁不住熱淚滾滾.5.IcannottellyouhowsorryIamtohearofyourgreatloss.Pleaseacceptmysympathyandbestwishes.6.Iknowyouwillbestrongandbraveforthesakeofthechildren.十二、吊唁信常用套語(yǔ)1.MayIrequestyourkindnesstoexecuteafewcommissionsforme?我能否求您替我代辦幾件事?2.Willyoupleasegreatlyobligemeby---?能夠請(qǐng)您幫我個(gè)忙?3.MayItakethelibertyofaskingyouto---?我是否可以麻煩您?4.Itrustyouwillforgivemytroublingyouonsoslightartacquaintance.剛剛相識(shí)就給您添麻煩,請(qǐng)寬恕.5.Pleasefavormewithanearlyreply.請(qǐng)?jiān)缛沾饛?fù).6.IfyouthinkImightbeofhelp,Ibegyounottohesitatetotellme.如認(rèn)為我能幫忙的話,請(qǐng)盡管說.7.Ihopeyouwillputthematterinyourmind.希望您能把這事放在心上.十三、懇求信常用套語(yǔ)1.Itakethelibertytointroducetoyou---茲冒昧向您介紹------2.Ihavethehonortointroducetoyou---我榮幸地向您介紹------3.WithagreatpleasureIintroducetoyou---我特殊興奮地向您介紹------4.Thebearerofthisletter,Mr.---hasbeenwithusformanyyears.持信人-----先生已同我們?cè)谝黄鸲嗄?5.Mr.---,whowillpresentthisletter,isamanIhaveknownfor3years.呈交此信的------先生同我相識(shí)已有三年.6.Ifyouwillbesokindastorenderhimyourvaluableassistance,Ishallholdmyselfundergreatobligationtoyou.您若能對(duì)其鼎力相助,本人將甚為感謝.7.IhopeyouwillkindlyshowhimattentionwhichIshallconsiderasshowntomyself.我希望你對(duì)他多加關(guān)照,我認(rèn)為者猶如對(duì)我的關(guān)照.十四、介紹信常用套語(yǔ)1.IamgladtorecommendtoyouMs.---2.ItismypleasuretorecommendtoyouMr.---3.PleaseallowmetorecommendMr.---asacandidate.4.Mr.---isamanofgoodeducation,andIamconfidentthathewillprovehisworthbyhisindustryandfaithfulness.5.Ishouldbemostgratefulifyouwouldconsidermyrecommendation.6.Ishallconsideritagreatfavorifyouwillbekindenoughtogivehimtheopportunityheseeks.十五、舉薦信常用套語(yǔ)1.Replyingtoyouradvertisementfora____intoday’s___,Itakethelibertyofofferingmyselfforthesituation.響應(yīng)你們今日在___上征聘一名___的啟事,特冒昧申請(qǐng)這一職位.2.Ibelievethatmyabilityandexperiencewillfullyqualifymeforthepositionof____forwhichyouadvertisedintoday’s____.今日的___刊有你們征聘___的啟事,我認(rèn)為本人的實(shí)力與閱歷足以擔(dān)當(dāng)這份工作.3.Havingheardthatasituationof___isvacantinyourcompany,Ibegtooffermyselfasacandidateforthesame.聽說貴公司缺少一名___,特申請(qǐng)這一職位.4.Ishallbemuchobligedifyouwillaccordmeanopportunityforinterview.假如能賜予我面試的機(jī)會(huì),我將不勝感謝.5.Haveyouanopeninginyourcompanyforayoungmanwhobelievethathehassomethingtooffer?有位年輕人認(rèn)為他能夠?qū)F公司有所貢獻(xiàn),貴公司能對(duì)他打開大門嗎?十六、求職信常用套語(yǔ)1.Iamwritingtoapplyformembershipin___.我特來(lái)信申請(qǐng)加入____.2.Iwishtoapplyforadmissiontoyourdepartmentasagraduatestudent.我愿申請(qǐng)到貴系當(dāng)探討生.3.Ihavebeenworkingherefor2years.Ishouldbegratefulifyouwouldconsiderthepossibilityofgivingmeanincreaseinmywages,whichareatpresent$250aweek.我在這里工作已滿2年,工資為每個(gè)星期250美元.如蒙考慮增加我的工資,當(dāng)深為感謝.4.Iwishtosubmitthearticleenclosedherewithforpublicationinyouresteemedjournal.我希望所寄去的文章在貴刊得以發(fā)表.5.Ishouldbeverygratefulifyouwouldletmehavedetailsofanyscholarshipsin___thatyourcountrymaybeofferingtoforeignstudents.貴國(guó)政府可為在__