國(guó)際支付與結(jié)算chapter 2

Chapter2IntroductiontoInternationalPaymentsandSettlements國(guó)際支付與結(jié)算概述Chapter2Introduction2.1Definitionfinancialactivitiesconductedamongdifferentcountriesinwhichpaymentsareeffectedorfundsaretransferredfromonecountrytoanotherinordertosettleaccount,debts,claims,etc.,emergedinthecourseofpolitical,economicorculturalcontactsamongthem.Chapter2IntroductionTheyaremoneytransfersasaresultofinternationalclearing,suchas:(1)Visibletrade;(2)Invisibletrade;(3)Financialtransaction;(4)Paymentsbetweengovernments;(5)Others.Chapter2IntroductionThespecialimplicationofinternationalpaymentandsettlementpracticeInternationaltradesettlement----theroleofbanksInternationalnon-tradesettlementChapter2Introduction2.2Evolution1.Fromcashsettlementtonon-cashsettlement2.Fromdirectpaymentmadebetweeninternationaltraderstopaymenteffectedtroughafinancialintermediary3.Frompaymentsundersimplepricetermstopaymentsundermorecomplexpriceterms4.Internetera13centuryA.D.InstrumentsBillofexchangePromissoryNoteCheque/checkNon-CashSettlement非現(xiàn)金結(jié)算ExchangeforGBP1,250.00Beijing,1April,2003AtsightpaytotheorderofDEFCo.thesum

ofPoundsonethousandtwohundredandfiftyonlyToXYZBank,ForABCCo.,BeijingLondon(signature)

Endof18centuryExpensiveRiskyTurnoveroffundsslowForeignexchangebankChapter2Introduction（1）Fromcashsettlementtonon-cashsettlementBillofexchangeForeignexchangebank13centuryA.D.endof18centuryA.D.ForeignexchangemarketChapter2Introduction（2）Fromdirectpaymentmadebetweeninternationaltraderstopaymenteffectedthroughafinancialintermediary

Withtheworldwidebankingnetworkandmodernbankingtechnicality,bankscannotonlyprovideeasyandquicktransferoffundsneededforconductinginternationaltradebutalsofurnishtheircustomerswithvaluableeconomicandcreditinformation.Chapter2Introduction（3）FrompaymentsundersimplepricetermstopaymentsundermorecomplexpricetermsInthepast,internationaltradepaymentsweresettledonverysimplepriceterms,suchascashondelivery,cashonshipment,cashwithorder,cashbeforeshipment,etc.Inmoderninternationaltrade,amorecomprehensiveandexactsetoftermshasbeendeveloped.Chapter2Introduction（4）InterneteraWiththedevelopmentofcomputertechnology,businessisdoneandpaymentsandsettlementsareeffectedbymeansofallkindsofpaymentsystems,whichmakesitquickerandsaferandmoreconvenientforboththeBuyerandSeller.Nowadays,Internetisdevelopingveryfast.Thisnewtypeofbusinesstransactioniscalled

netbanking.Althoughtherearealotofproblemstobesolved，netbankingisverypromising.Chapter2IntroductionChapter2Introduction2.3CharacteristicsofModernInternationalPaymentsandSettlementsVariousinstrumentsarewidelyusedBanksbecomethecenterofinternationalsettlementsVehiclecurrenciesaremorediversifiedthanbeforeElectronicdevicesarewidelyusedInternationallendingisoftencombinedwithinternationalpaymentsChapter2IntroductionSWIFT：SocietyforWorldwideInterbankFinancialTelecommunications（環(huán)球同業(yè)銀行金融電訊協(xié)會(huì)）CHIPS：ClearingHouseInterbankPaymentSystem（紐約清算所銀行同業(yè)支付系統(tǒng)）

CHAPS：theClearingHouseAutomatedPaymentsSystem（倫敦自動(dòng)支付清算系統(tǒng)）FEDWIRE：FederalReservesWireTransferSystem（聯(lián)邦資金轉(zhuǎn)賬系統(tǒng)）EDI：Electricaldatainterchange（電子數(shù)據(jù)交換）ＳＷＩＦＴＣＨＩPＳＣＨＡＰＳＦＥＤＷＩRＥ環(huán)球銀行間金融電訊協(xié)會(huì)紐約清算所交換銀行相互收付系統(tǒng)倫敦交換銀行自動(dòng)收付系統(tǒng)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備清算系統(tǒng)

communicationmeshwork/networkChapter2IntroductionSWIFT:TheSocietyForWorldwideInter-bankFinancialTelecommunications(環(huán)球銀行間金融電訊協(xié)會(huì))

1973年5月成立,總部設(shè)在布魯塞爾。目前，全世界已有超過(guò)200個(gè)國(guó)家的7000多個(gè)銀行在使用SWIFT。計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)通訊網(wǎng)在荷蘭和美國(guó)設(shè)有運(yùn)行中心，在各會(huì)員國(guó)設(shè)有地區(qū)處理站。

2002年，SWIFT報(bào)文承載量達(dá)8億，日均7百萬(wàn)條，金額超過(guò)6萬(wàn)億歐元。中國(guó)是SWIFT會(huì)員國(guó)。中國(guó)銀行作為中國(guó)的外匯外貿(mào)專(zhuān)業(yè)銀行于1983年2月加入SWIFT，成為中國(guó)第一家會(huì)員銀行，1985年5月13日，中國(guó)銀行正式開(kāi)通SWIFT。

20世紀(jì)90年代開(kāi)始，中國(guó)所有可以辦理國(guó)際金融業(yè)務(wù)的國(guó)有商業(yè)銀行、外資和僑資銀行以及地方銀行紛紛加入SWIFT。

1996年中國(guó)SWIFT發(fā)報(bào)增長(zhǎng)率為42.2%，在SWIFT全球增長(zhǎng)率排名第一，中國(guó)銀行在SWIFT前40家大用戶(hù)中排名34位。中國(guó)銀行每日SWIFT發(fā)報(bào)量達(dá)3萬(wàn)多筆，采用SWIFT方式進(jìn)行收發(fā)電報(bào)已占到全行電訊總收付量的90%。SWIFT網(wǎng)絡(luò)是國(guó)際結(jié)算、收付清算、外匯資金買(mǎi)賣(mài)、國(guó)際匯兌等各種業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)的通訊主渠道，部分業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了自動(dòng)化處理。chaining(SWIFTstudy):/zjueman/archive/2006/06/28/847335.aspxCharacteristics1.SWIFTneedsmemberqualification.2.SWIFT’schargeislow.It’sabout18%ofthatusedbytelex,and2.5%ofthatusedbycable.3.SWIFTissafer.(SWIFTauthenticatekey)4.SWIFThasstandarduniformformat.BankIdentifiedcodeBankofChinaBKCHCNBJTheIndustrialandCommercialBankofChinaICBKCNBJTheAgriculturalBankofChinaABOCCNBJTheInvestmentBankofChinaIBOCONBJTheCommunicationBankofChinaCOMMCNBJChinaConstructionBankPCBCCNBJThePeople’sBankofChinaPBOCCNBJChinaCiticBankCIBKCNBJAmericaBank,ShanghaiBranchBOFXCNSXHongKongandShanghaiBankingCorporation,Ltd.HSBCCNSX加入SWIFT的中國(guó)境內(nèi)銀行

1970年4月成立,國(guó)際美元支付系統(tǒng)。它是一個(gè)著名的私營(yíng)跨國(guó)大額美元支付系統(tǒng)，是跨國(guó)美元交易的主要結(jié)算渠道。通過(guò)CHIPS處理的美元交易額約占全球美元總交易額的95%。

CHIPS成員有紐約清算所協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)員、紐約市商業(yè)銀行、外國(guó)銀行在紐約的分支機(jī)構(gòu)等。

CHIPS是一個(gè)凈額支付清算系統(tǒng)，它租用了高速傳輸線路，有一個(gè)主處理中心和一個(gè)備份處理中心。每日營(yíng)業(yè)終止后，進(jìn)行收付差額清算，每日下午六時(shí)（紐約時(shí)間）完成資金轉(zhuǎn)賬。

CHIPS:ClearingHouseInterbankPaymentsSystem.（跨國(guó)美元支付系統(tǒng)）CHAPS:ClearingHouseAutomated

PaymentSystem英國(guó)大額英鎊清算系統(tǒng)。在CHAPS下，12家交換銀行成為結(jié)算銀行，由八條信息通道把它們和該系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)信息轉(zhuǎn)換中心連接起來(lái)。

CHAPS用于英鎊資金交換的當(dāng)日結(jié)算,主要由英國(guó)大型清算銀行和英格蘭銀行使用。它歸美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)所有，1913年建立，F(xiàn)EDWIRE將全美劃分為12個(gè)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備區(qū)、25個(gè)分行和11個(gè)專(zhuān)門(mén)的支付處理中心，主要用于金融機(jī)構(gòu)之間的隔夜拆借、行間清算、公司之間的大額交易結(jié)算，美國(guó)政府與國(guó)際組織的記賬債券轉(zhuǎn)移業(yè)務(wù)等等。由于該系統(tǒng)有專(zhuān)用的實(shí)現(xiàn)資金轉(zhuǎn)移的電碼通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)，權(quán)威性、安全性較高。此外它還承擔(dān)著美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)貨幣政策操作及政府債券買(mǎi)賣(mài)的重要任務(wù)。它每日運(yùn)行18個(gè)小時(shí)，每筆大額的資金轉(zhuǎn)賬從發(fā)起、處理到完成，運(yùn)行全部自動(dòng)化。FEDWIRE:FederalReservesWireTransferSystem（全美境內(nèi)美元支付系統(tǒng)）BankrelationshipsininternationalSettlements(1)Sister’sBank/overseasbranch海外分行(2)RepresentativeBank(Correspondent)代理行

(3)AccountingBank賬戶(hù)行Chapter2IntroductionTheWorldwideNetworkofBanks1、RepresentativeOffice(代表處)2、AgencyOffice(代理處)3、OverseasSisterBank/Branch,Subbranch(海外分、支行(境外聯(lián)行))4、CorrespondentBanks(代理銀行)5、SubsidiaryBanks(附屬銀行(子銀行))6、AffiliatedBanks(聯(lián)營(yíng)銀行)7、ConsortiumBank(銀團(tuán)銀行)Chapter2IntroductionChapter2Introduction2.5CorrespondentBankingRelationship1.Definitionofcorrespondentbank:abankhavingdirectconnectionorfriendlyservicerelationswithanotherbankCorrespondentBankingisanarrangementunderwhichonebank(correspondent)holdsdepositsownedbyotherbanks(respondents)andprovidespaymentandotherservicestothoserespondentbanks.Inasense,banksthemselvesarethebestcustomersforeachother.Thebankmayopendepositaccountswith,andentrustbusinesstoeachotheronareciprocalbasis.Chapter2IntroductionWhenselectingabankasacorrespondentbank,whatfactorsshouldbetakenintoaccount?⑴Thereputationofthebank;⑵Sizeofthebank;⑶Locationofthebank;⑷Servicesofferedbythebank;⑸Fundamentalpoliciesandstrengthofthebank;⑹Physicalfeaturesandpersonnel;⑺Momentumofearlystart,etc.Chapter2IntroductionChapter2Introduction2.ControldocumentsListsofspecimenofauthorizedsignatures是銀行列示的所有有權(quán)簽字的人的有權(quán)簽字額度、簽字范圍、有效簽字組合方式以及親筆簽字字樣。代理行可憑其核對(duì)對(duì)方銀行發(fā)來(lái)的電報(bào)、電傳等的真實(shí)性。Telegraphictestkeys是兩家代理行之間事先約定的專(zhuān)用押碼，在發(fā)送電報(bào)時(shí)，由發(fā)送電報(bào)的銀行在電文前面加注，經(jīng)接受電報(bào)的銀行核對(duì)相符，用以確認(rèn)電報(bào)的真實(shí)性。TermsandconditionsSWIFTauthentickeyChapter2Introduction3.Inter-bankaccountsAcurrentaccountoracheckingaccountmaybeopenedbetweenbankswiththeestablishmentofacorrespondentbankingrelationship.Anybankbeforeopeninganaccountinitscorrespondentbank,mustbeawareofthedetailedconditionsofthisconnection,suchasamountofinitialdeposit,minimumcreditbalanceforcoveringthecostofservicesprovided,interestrateoftheaccount,overdraftpermission,andhowoftenthestatementofaccountissent.①Nostroaccount往賬TheItalianword“Nostro”means“our”.Nostroaccountistheforeigncurrency

account(duefromaccount)ofamajorbankwiththeforeignbanksabroadtofacilitateinternationalpaymentsandsettlements.我行在它行開(kāi)立的存款賬戶(hù)②Vostroaccount來(lái)賬TheItalianword“Vostro”means“your”.Vostroaccountisanaccount(duetoaccount)heldbyabankonbehalfofacorrespondentbank．它行在我行開(kāi)立的存款賬戶(hù)Chapter2IntroductionNostroaccount:istheforeigncurrencyaccount(duefromaccount)ofamajorbankwiththeforeignbanksabroadtofacilitateinternationalsettlements.FromthepointofBankofChina,anostroaccountisourbank’saccountinthebooksofanoverseasbank,denominatedinforeigncurrency.USDAccountBankofNewYorkBankofChina往賬Chapter2IntroductionABankBBankCurrenta/cXXXBBank’s