四級考試備考策略說課材料

四級考試備考(bèikǎo)策略中山大學(xué)(zhōnɡshāndàxué)外語教學(xué)中心李向奇2011-02-21四級考試(kǎoshì)講座1第一頁，共59頁。四、六級考試各部分測試內(nèi)容(nèiróng)、題型、時間和所占比例四級考試(kǎoshì)講座2第二頁，共59頁。一、寫作(xiězuò)一）評分原則 1.總體評分法 2.兼顧內(nèi)容(nèiróng)與語言 3.定檔給分（2,5,8,11,14)二）答題啟示 1.注意文章的給讀者的第一印象 2.注重文章內(nèi)容(nèiróng)的豐富性 3.注重文章中語言的準(zhǔn)確性和連貫性四級考試(kǎoshì)講座3第三頁，共59頁。一、寫作(xiězuò)三）歷年(lìnián)真題 1995.01--論說文：CanMoneyBuyHappiness? 1995.06--說明文：AdvantagesofaJobInterview 1996.01--說明文：TheTwoWayWeekend 1996.06--說明文：GlobalShortageofFreshWater 1997.01--說明文：PracticeMakesPerfect 1997.06--說明文：GettingtoKnowtheOutsideofthecampus 1998.01--說明文：HarmfulnessofFakeCommodities 1998.06--論說文：DoLuckyNumbersBringGoodLuck? 1999.01--說明文：Don’tHesitatetoSay“No”四級考試(kǎoshì)講座4第四頁，共59頁。一、寫作(xiězuò)三）歷年(lìnián)真題 1999.06--論說文：ReadingExtensivelyorIntensively 2000.01--說明文：HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation 2000.06--論說文：IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary 2001.01--說明文：HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview 2001.06--應(yīng)用文：ALettertoaSchoolmate 2002.01--應(yīng)用文：ALettertotheUniversityPresidentAbouttheCanteenServiceontheCampus 2002.06--說明文：StudentUseofComputers(圖表)四級考試(kǎoshì)講座5第五頁，共59頁。一、寫作(xiězuò)三）歷年真題 2003.01--說明文：ItPaystobeHonest(闡述(chǎnshù)) 2003.06--說明文：AnEye-WitnessAccountofaTraffic Accident(描寫與分析) 2004.01--應(yīng)用文：ALetterinReplytoaFriend 2004.06--應(yīng)用文：ABriefIntroductiontoATouristAttraction(導(dǎo)游詞) 2005.01--應(yīng)用文：ACampaignSpeech(演講詞) 2005.06--敘議文：AnIncident 2005.12--論說文：ShouldtheUniversityCampusbeOpentoTourists? 2006.06--應(yīng)用文：WriteaPosterRecruitingVolunteers 2006.12--議論文：SpringFestivalGalaonCCTV 2007.06—應(yīng)用文：Welcometoourclub(歡迎詞) 2007.12—論說文：Electivestochoose 2008.06—論說文：RecreationalActivities 2009.06---論說文:FreeAdmissiontoMuseums 2009.12---論說文:Createagreencampus 2010.6---論說文:DueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling 2010.12---論說文：HowshouldParentsHelpChildrenBeIndependent四級考試(kǎoshì)講座6第六頁，共59頁。2010.12HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?1.目前，不少父母(fùmǔ)為還在包辦一切……2.為了讓孩子獨立，父母(fùmǔ)應(yīng)該…….四級考試(kǎoshì)講座7第七頁，共59頁。Howshouldparentshelpchildrentobeindependent?(2010.12)Nowadays,there’sanincreasingnumberofhouseholdinChinathathasanonlyonechild.MostofparentsLoveandcareforchildrensomuchthatchildrenhaslesschancestodealwithproblemsbythemselves.Consequently,childrengetusedtodependingontheirparentsineverythingandlackofabilitytosolveproblemsindependently,whichisbadfortheirgrowing.Therearesomeeffectivewaysforparentstohelptheirchildrenbeindependent.Tostartwith,parentsshouldgivetheirchildrenmorechancestoexperiencetheworldandlifearoundthem.Thustheirchildrencanenhancethecapabilitytoovercomethedifficultiesandhandleproblemsindependently.Inaddition,parentsshouldofferenoughassistancewhentheirchildrenneedsomeinstructionsandadvices.Inthisway,theydependontheirparentsinarightwayandcansolveproblemsindependentlywhentheyfacethesameonenexttime.Lastbutnotleast,parentsshouldallowtheirchildrentomakedecisionsindependently.Childrenwouldimprovetheabilitytodealwiththeproblemstheyareconfrontedwithintheirlife.Fromtheabovediscussion,Istronglybelievethatparentshouldhelptheirchildrenbeindependentbyinstructingtheminaproperwayratherthanplanningandconsideringeverythingforthem.It’schildrenwhodecidetheirfutureandfate,soitwouldbebeneficialforthemtoliveindependentlywithsomeproperinstructionsoftheirparents.四級考試(kǎoshì)講座8第八頁，共59頁。2010.6DueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling1.如今(rújīn)不少學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)中不重視拼寫，2.出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因是…3.為了改變這種狀況，我認(rèn)為….四級考試(kǎoshì)講座9第九頁，共59頁。DueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling Nowadays,studentsattachlessimportancetothespellingofwordsintheprocessofEnglishstudy.Thisphenomenongreatlyinfluencesstudents’writingandbringsonworriesamongteachers. Therearepossiblythreereasonscontributingtothisphenomenon.First,exam-orientededucationmakesthestudentspaylessattentiontospelling.Second,someteachersshouldalsoberesponsibleforitbecausetheydon’temphasizetheimportanceofspellingduringteaching.Lastbutnotleast,somestudentsaretoolazytorecitewords. SincespellingisoneofthemostimportantfactorsinEnglishstudy,dueattentionshouldbegiventoit.Asforme,Ithink,first,examsshouldbemodifiedtoaddsomefactorsintoit,whichwouldhelpstudentspaymoreattentiontospelling.Then,schoolsshouldalsoseteffectivemechanismstohelpteachersaswellasthestudentstorealizetheimportance.Finally,forstudentsthemselves,theycan,throughotherways,makethembeinterestedinwordspelling.Onlybythesecanwesurlyrealizetheimportanceofspellingandmakeimprovement.四級考試(kǎoshì)講座10第十頁，共59頁。 DueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling

Nowweareenteringabrandnewerafullofopportunitiesandinnovations,andgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinpeople'sattitudetowardssometraditionalpractice,especiallyintheareaofEnglishlearning,oneofwhichislessattentionhasbeengiventospellingbycollegestudents.Thisissuehasbeenbroughtintopublicfocusandcalledforfurtherconcern.Anumberoffactorscouldaccountfortheproblem,butthefollowingarethemostcriticalones.First,informationisexpandingatsuchanincreasingratethatoursocietyiscalledtheoneofinformation.Theinformationissoimmensethatstudentshaven'tampleenergyandtimetodealdeeplywithspelling,andsomecomputerprograms,suchasword,havedonethespellingcheckingworkforus.Second,thestandardized-testorientedwayofEnglishlearning,inwhichthehighscorecanbeachievedwithoutspelling,putstudentstothepositioninwhichtheyhavethequitereasontoignorespelling.Thisissuemayleadtoanumberofunfavorableconsequences,withthefollowingtwothemostserious.Foronething,theinformationwouldbeincorrectwhenconveyedbyhand-writingwayandcausesomebadeffects.Foranother,wemayindulgeourselvesinthiswayofinaccuracywhichmayinfluenceourattitudeoflearningorresearch.Theawarenessoftheimportanceofthisissueshouldbeenhancedandsomepropermeasuresshouldbetaken.Itisreasonableforustobelievethatthesituationwillbeimprovedinthenearfuture.四級考試(kǎoshì)講座11第十一頁，共59頁。2009.12Createagreencampus 1.建設(shè)綠色校園十分重要

2.綠色校園不僅指綠色環(huán)境(huánjìng)

3.為了建設(shè)綠色校園我們應(yīng)該……四級考試(kǎoshì)講座12第十二頁，共59頁。CreateaGreenCampus Itisofgreatimportancetomakeandmaintainagreencampusinouruniversityorcollege.Obviously,agrowingnumberofpeoplearebeginningtorealizethatitisourdutytodothatinthepresentdays,sincetheconceptof“agreenworld”hasbecomethefocusofthesociety. Theideaof“agreencampus”isbeyondagreenenvironment.Tobeginwith,thedevelopmentonthecampusistobesustainableandrecyclable.Someoftheauthorities’budgetshouldbeonhowtoreduceofthewaste.What’smore,we’dbetterbeawareoftheseriousnessofpollutionaroundus.Thustheideaofenvironmentalprotectionmaybecomeacommonoccurrenceinourdailylife. Itisnecessarythateffectiveactionsshouldbetakentoprotectourcampusfromwasteandpollution,andhencetheseactivitiesaretoplayanincreasinglyimportantroleinourday-to-daylife.Certainly,thereislittledoubtthatfurtherconsiderationmustbepaidtoourgreencampuses.四級考試(kǎoshì)講座13第十三頁，共59頁。2009.6.20 FreeAdmissiontoMuseums 1、越來越多的博物館對公眾免費(miǎnfèi)開放 2、有人認(rèn)為是會造成不利影響，

3、我的看法是四級考試(kǎoshì)講座14第十四頁，共59頁。FreeAdmissiontoMuseums(滿分(mǎnfēn)版)Nowadays,anincreasingnumberofmuseumsareadmission-freetovisitorshomeandabroad.Thehiddenreasonbehindthisisnothardtoanalyzeasthere’sagrowingawarenessfortheauthoritiesregardingtheurgencyofpopularizationofculture,knowledgeandhistorywitheveryaveragepersoninoursociety.Onlywithfreeaccesstothislive‘database’,canmostpeoplefullyenjoywhatmuseumscouldoffertothem。However,freeadmissiontomuseumsmightleadtosomesocialproblemsaswell.Themostobviousproblemisthatitmightgivemuseumsaveryheavyeconomicburdenwhichdirectlyimpedesthesustainabledevelopmentoftheseorganizations.Asaresult,ourgovernmenthastoworkoutotherwaystocollectfundsfromdifferentchannels,whichmightbedifficulttooperateorcontrol.Ontheotherhand,freeadmissionattractstoomanyvisitors,someofwhichmightnotbewell-purposedanddosomeconsciousorunconsciousdamagetothevaluabletreasureswhichusedtobewell-preservedinthemuseums。Asauniversitystudent,Iaminfavorofthefree-admissionconduct.Yetitisproposedthatsomemeasuresshouldbetakentosolvethepotentialproblemscausedbyit.Forexample,museumscanmakesomeregulationstoguidethebehaviorofvisitorsorsetsome‘closed’daysformuseumsforregularmaintenance.Onlyinthiswaycanfree-admissiontomuseumsbecomealong-lastingphenomenonandhavesustainabledevelopment。四級考試(kǎoshì)講座15第十五頁，共59頁。一、寫作(xiězuò)三）歷年真題 2005.12--論說文：ShouldtheUniversityCampusbe OpentoTourists?PartVWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?YoushouldwriteatLeast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1．名校校園正成為旅游新熱點

2．校園是否(shìfǒu)應(yīng)對游客開放，人們看法不同

3．我認(rèn)為……

ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?四級考試(kǎoshì)講座16第十六頁，共59頁。一、寫作(xiězuò)三）歷年真題 2006.06--應(yīng)用文：WriteaPosterRecruitingVolunteersDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteaposterrecruitingvolunteers.YoushouldwriteatLeast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1．校學(xué)生會將組織一次暑假志愿者活動(huódòng)，現(xiàn)招募志愿者2．本次志愿者活動(huódòng)的目的、活動(huódòng)安排等3．報名條件及聯(lián)系方式

VolunteersNeeded四級考試(kǎoshì)講座17第十七頁，共59頁。三）歷年真題 2006.12--議論文：SpringFestivalGalaonCCTV Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledSpringFestivalGalaonCCTV.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow. 1.許多人喜歡在除夕夜看春節(jié)晚會 2.但有些人提出取消(qǔxiāo)春節(jié)晚會 3.我的看法一、寫作(xiězuò)四級考試(kǎoshì)講座18第十八頁，共59頁。一、寫作(xiězuò)

2006.12--議論文

范文: SpringFestivalGalaonCCTV TheapproachoftheChineseLunarNewYearposesanationalissueconcerningthenecessityofholdingtheCCTVSpringFestivalGala.Itsestablishedstatusisbeingchallengedbyagrowingnumberofpeople,especiallybyyoungergenerations.Itisincreasingdifficulttocaterforalltastes. Someindividualsdeemthatitshouldbecancelledorreplacedbyotherprograms.TheseyoungpeoplefocustheirattentiononotherformsofcelebrationinsteadifimmersingthemselvesinTV.Despitethat,themajorityofmiddle-agedpeopleandseniorcitizensupholdtheimportanceofthetraditionalperformance.Themoststrikingfeatureofthisgalaisitstraditionallycloselinkwithordinarypeople’slives.MostofpeopleviewthisgalaasanannualstapleontheEveofthistraditionalChineseSpringFestival.Theyallhavearestlessnightandgluetheireyesonthetelevision. Iamnotsupportiveoftheviewthatthegrandgalashouldbeabandoned.Undoubtedly,itplaysavitalroleinthecelebrationoftheChineseNewYear.Toincreaseitsappealandmeettheneedsoftheyoungadults,CCTVshouldcomeupwithprogramstomakethiseventmoreremarkable.四級考試(kǎoshì)講座19第十九頁，共59頁。 2007.06--應(yīng)用文：AnAnnouncementtoWelcomeStudentstoJoinaClub(演講告示) Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanannouncementtowelcomestudentstojoinaclub.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow. 1.本社團的主要活動內(nèi)容(nèiróng) 2.參加本社團的好處 3.任何加入本社團一、寫作(xiězuò)四級考試(kǎoshì)講座20第二十頁，共59頁。一、寫作(xiězuò)

范文(2007.06--應(yīng)用文：演講稿)：

WelcometoOurClub TheSpeechClubisorganizingschool-widespeechtrainingandconteststobeheldoneachSaturdayattheStudents’RecreationalCenter.Fiveprestigiousexpertsandprofessorswillbeinvitedtobespeechlecturersandcontestsjudges.Foreachspeechcontest,thefirstsixwinnerswillbegivenawards. Attendingourclubhassubstantialadvantages.Firstly,itcanimproveyourabilitytodeliveraspeechwhichisofutmostsignificancetoyourfuturecareeranddevelopment.Secondly,itcanhelpyoutopossessself-confidence,enrichyourextra-curriculaactivitiesandmakeyourcampuslifecolorful.Tosumup,theexperiencesinourclubwillbeextraordinarilyunforgettablethroughoutyourlife. StudentswhoareinterestedintakingpartintheclubmaysignupwiththemonitoroftheirclassesbeforeTuesdaynextweek(Dec.26).Everybodyiswelcometoamemberofourclub.四級考試(kǎoshì)講座21第二十一頁，共59頁。一、寫作(xiězuò)

論說文：（2007-12）Whatelectivestochoose

1、各大學(xué)開設(shè)了各種(ɡèzhǒnɡ)各樣的選修課2、學(xué)生因為各種(ɡèzhǒnɡ)原因選擇了不同的選修課3、以你自己為例……四級考試(kǎoshì)講座22第二十二頁，共59頁。一、寫作(xiězuò)

論說文：SelectingCourses（2007-12）Recently,peopleingrowingnumbersshowtheirconcernaboutselectingcourses.Insomecolleges,studentsarepermittedtopickouttheircourse’sprofessorsfreely.Thereasonsarelistedasfollows:Inthefirstplace,studentscanchoosetheteacheraccordingtotheirinterests,whichwillbehelpfulfortheirfuturecareers.Besides,selectingcoursescanreducetherateofstudents’absenceindirectlyforstudentsusuallychoosetheirfavoriteteachers.AsfarasIamconcerned,everycoinhastwosides.Ontheonehand,studentsmaylearnthecoursebetter,becausetheymaychoosetheprofessortheyliked.Ontheotherhand,iftheprofessorwhoisverypopularandagreatnumberofstudentswouldliketoattendhis/hercourse,theclassroommustbeovercrowded.Itwillhaveabadimpactontheclass.四級考試(kǎoshì)講座23第二十三頁，共59頁。一、寫作(xiězuò)

論說文：RecreationalActivities(2008.06)Intheeraofinformationandtechnology,thereareallkindsofrecreationalactivities.Somepeoplethinkthoserecreationalactivitiesaregreatandnecessary,becausetheycanhelppeoplerelaxfromthehardworkandstudy.Someoftheactivities,suchashiking,jogging,canhelppeoplerelaxphysically;whilesomeofthem,suchassurfingtheInternet,canhelppeoplerelaxmentally.However,somepeoplethinkthatsomanykindsofrecreationalactivitiesmayhaveabadeffectonourlives.Somepeoplemaynotresistsometemptationsfromthoseactivities,andindulgethemselvesinthoseactivities.Atlasttheyareluredawayfromtheirstudyortheirwork.Inmyopinion,weshouldpaymoreattentiontotheadvantagesofvariousrecreationalactivitiesandmakethemostofthem.Meanwhile,weshouldlearnhowtousethoseactivitiespositively,andmakethemahelpfultoolforourdevelopment.四級考試(kǎoshì)講座24第二十四頁，共59頁。四）命題趨勢： 2001年1月以前： 說明文、論說文為主，少有應(yīng)用文 2001年6月-2007年6月： 應(yīng)用文為主（書信、演講詞、海報告示） 說明文、論說文、記敘文為輔 2007年12月以來及未來趨勢： 時效性強的論說文、 與學(xué)生生活及未來就業(yè)有關(guān)的應(yīng)用文（如 求職函、投訴(tóusù)函及對投訴(tóusù)函的回信等）一、寫作(xiězuò)四級考試(kǎoshì)講座25第二十五頁，共59頁。五）寫作策略： 1)認(rèn)真審題 審請題目、關(guān)鍵詞、段首句、題綱、提示、圖表； 確定主題、明確范圍、選定素材、抓住重點； 2)列出提綱、深刻(shēnkè)思考、打好腹稿、抓住要點、準(zhǔn)備例證 3)正確表達 選擇正確的文體與格式選擇準(zhǔn)確地道的表達方式：句型多樣化；上下文邏輯連貫；語法、拼寫、措辭準(zhǔn)確多變； 4)修改校對：語法、拼寫、標(biāo)點、措辭 5)把握時間： 1)、2)步：3-5分鐘; 3)步：20-25分鐘； 4)步：3-5分鐘一、寫作(xiězuò)四級考試(kǎoshì)講座26第二十六頁，共59頁。五）寫作策略1.段首句作文(zuòwén)（即主題句作文(zuòwén)）應(yīng)對策略: --確定主題和中心； --審清題目和所給段首句； --寫好擴展句，句子語言正確，句型多樣化； --提供具體例證（即次要擴展句）說明主題句，避免空洞無物論點； --句與句、段與段之間的過渡和照應(yīng)（啟呈轉(zhuǎn)合）； --段落首尾及文章首尾的呼應(yīng)。

一、寫作(xiězuò)四級考試(kǎoshì)講座27第二十七頁，共59頁。五）寫作策略 2.標(biāo)題與提綱作文(zuòwén)（中或英文提綱，問題式提綱） 應(yīng)對策略： --理解題目與提綱中所提供的信息； --確定文章題材； --利用提綱中提供的信息并搜羅更多有關(guān)素材； --圍繞題目發(fā)展、充實提綱； --寫作時切勿照搬抄譯要整體安排； （參考段首句作文(zuòwén)的寫作對策）一、寫作(xiězuò)四級考試(kǎoshì)講座28第二十八頁，共59頁。五）寫作策略3.圖表說明文（圖片與圖表） 應(yīng)對策略： 寫好標(biāo)題 第一段：描述圖表（忌流水帳，利用比較典型的數(shù)據(jù)(shùjù) 或例子） 第二段：分析因果 第三段：做出結(jié)論與預(yù)測發(fā)展趨勢，或得出啟示、提 出建議或解決方法 ＊＊＊牢記圖表作文常用的表達方式！一、寫作(xiězuò)四級考試(kǎoshì)講座29第二十九頁，共59頁。五）寫作策略4.議論文（argumentation）應(yīng)對策略： --著重發(fā)表自己看法、用自己的論點來勸說、影響和說服讀者； --三段式 提出(tíchū)問題、分析問題（用充分的論據(jù)來論證自己的觀點）、得出結(jié)論； --觀點要鮮明 理論事實有力充分 邏輯性強（做好啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合） 用詞用句恰當(dāng)明確一、寫作(xiězuò)四級考試(kǎoshì)講座30第三十頁，共59頁。五）寫作策略 5.應(yīng)用文寫作－書信： －注意(zhùyì)文體格式及語言特點 －注意(zhùyì)信封的寫法 －注意(zhùyì)信內(nèi)格式 信頭(Letterhead–writer’snameandaddress) 日期(Date) 封內(nèi)地址(Addressee’saddress) 開頭稱呼語(Salutation) 正文(Body) 結(jié)束敬語(Complimentaryclose) 署名(Signature)一、寫作(xiězuò)四級考試(kǎoshì)講座31第三十一頁，共59頁。一、寫作(xiězuò)

五）寫作(xiězuò)策略

ALetterofJobApplicationMr.JimWang June10,2008105XingangRoad（West）Guangzhou,510275DearMr.Wang,InotedwithinterestyouradvertisementforaPRmanagerintoday’sChinaDaily.YouwillseefromtheenclosedcurriculumvitaethatIammajoringinPRscienceatSundayYat-senUniversityandhavewonprizesinthreeconsecutiveyears.YoumayalsoseethatIhadthreemonths’experienceasassistanttoaPRmanagerwhenIwasatrainerclerkatatravelagency.Myresponsibilitiesthereincludedalltypesofsecretarialwork,arrangingandattendingpresentations,workingwithclients,solvingproblemsthatarose,anddealingwithcompanyaffairsintheplaceofthemanagerwhenhewasaway.AlthoughtheschoolhaspromisedmeateachingpostaftermygraduationandIcandoagoodjobofteaching,Ifeelthatmyprospectswiththeschoolwouldbelimitedandthattherewouldbemorescopeformytalentswithamorechallenginganddynamiccompany.Ifyouconsiderthatmyqualificationsandexperiencearesuitable,Ishouldbeavailableforinterviewatanytime.Yourssincerely,(Signature)Encl.:curriculumvitae四級考試(kǎoshì)講座32第三十二頁，共59頁。一、寫作(xiězuò)五）寫作策略 如何獲得作文高分？1)熟悉各種文體的寫法，每種文體背誦2-3篇范文，考試時可靈活套用；2)掌握足夠(zúgòu)句型，靈活套用,寫好文章及段落的開頭和 結(jié)尾；3)每個主題句后應(yīng)不少于3個擴展句(個別還需次要擴展句);4)注意擴展句（例證）、擴展段與主題（句）的一致性；5)注意句與句、段與段之間的連貫性； 6)注意文章的外部結(jié)構(gòu)；字?jǐn)?shù)不少于120詞，文章一定要分為3-4個段落（引言、發(fā)展、總結(jié)），不可糅雜成一個單一的段落； 7)規(guī)劃時間，準(zhǔn)時交卷； 8)卷面工整、書法規(guī)范、整潔美觀。四級考試(kǎoshì)講座33第三十三頁，共59頁。二、快速(kuàisù)閱讀快速閱讀解題技巧一）是非題◆看標(biāo)題了解文章大致內(nèi)容，框架，基本結(jié)構(gòu)；◆定位重要，搜查題干中出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容或關(guān)鍵詞，遇到有數(shù)字的地方(dìfāng)要引起重視；◆可不細讀原文，直接帶著問題在原文中尋找答案；◆平時加強快讀（即尋讀和略讀）訓(xùn)練；切忌逐詞、逐句按部就班地閱讀。四級考試(kǎoshì)講座34第三十四頁，共59頁。二、快速(kuàisù)閱讀快速閱讀解題技巧二）簡答題◆通讀文章，抓住文章的主旨，即主要談?wù)撌裁磫栴}?！粲每焖匍喿x理解做題思路(skimming和scanning)兩種手段;◆答案盡量照抄原文，但要抄得恰到好處，抄得簡練，題干問什么或缺什么，就抄什么。其余不相干內(nèi)容不要抄上。如遇到原句太長，則需要根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容進行組織，概括出答案。◆避免(bìmiǎn)語法和語言錯誤；避免(bìmiǎn)使用不熟悉或沒把握的單詞，詞組或句式；注意單詞大小寫及拼寫；控制字?jǐn)?shù)（一般在3個詞左右，最多不超過10個詞）。四級考試(kǎoshì)講座35第三十五頁，共59頁。二、快速(kuàisù)閱讀快速(kuàisù)閱讀解題技巧三）選擇題 方法綜合參考以上兩類題型以及深度閱讀的多項選擇題型的答題方式。四級考試(kǎoshì)講座36第三十六頁，共59頁。三、聽力(tīnglì)理解正確的聽音習(xí)慣是提高聽力理解能力的保證！一）綜述聽音時，注意如下幾點：◆預(yù)讀并正確理解選項：一般來講，盡管答案和聽力材料意思相同，但兩者的表述往往不同?！艟渥訒r態(tài)：有時句子中沒有具體的時間狀語表示動作發(fā)生的時間，那么只有對句子時態(tài)加以注意，才能判斷時間先后；◆信號(xìnhào)詞：however,but,because等信號(xìnhào)詞能提醒你說話人的思路發(fā)展方向；◆同義詞：在同一篇講話中有時為了避免重復(fù)，講話人會用不同的詞或詞組指同一件事或同樣?xùn)|西。比如，打電話可以用phone表示，還可以說ringup或call；◆代詞：在英語中，上文提到的名詞在下文中再出現(xiàn)時就用代詞表示，在聽的過程中需明確代詞的所指；◆關(guān)鍵詞與數(shù)字：從關(guān)鍵詞中進行推斷；◆注意重要句型與習(xí)慣表達方式；◆理解成語、習(xí)語。四級考試(kǎoshì)講座37第三十七頁，共59頁。三、聽力(tīnglì)理解二）短對話的題類： 1.數(shù)字與計算 2.職業(yè)、身份與相互關(guān)系 3.因果關(guān)系 4.地點(dìdiǎn)與場所 5.態(tài)度與反應(yīng)（掌握表示態(tài)度的詞匯） 6.肯定與否定 7.推理與判斷 8.句型與習(xí)慣用語的理解

四級考試(kǎoshì)講座38第三十八頁，共59頁。三、聽力(tīnglì)理解三）長對話應(yīng)試技巧◆充分利用朗讀聽力指令時間，預(yù)讀、預(yù)判選項，大致(dàzhì)猜出對話談?wù)撛掝}?！魪膯栴}設(shè)置角度來說，極有可能會有一道題問對話主旨，而答案就在開頭或結(jié)尾?！糇鲱}順序和題目順序大致(dàzhì)相同?！艨伞耙恍亩嘤谩保吢犨呌涍吙催呥x。四級考試(kǎoshì)講座39第三十九頁，共59頁。三、聽力(tīnglì)理解四）短文聽力應(yīng)試技巧◆聽短文前，應(yīng)充分利用朗讀Directions的時間，快速瀏覽各題選項，最大限度地依據(jù)選項提供的信息，判斷每篇短文可能陳述的主題思想，推測每道題可能提出的問題?！糇⒁饴牰问拙浜投挝簿洹８鶕?jù)對大學(xué)英語四級統(tǒng)考試題的分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)短文聽力的測試與短文閱讀理解一樣，有著一定的規(guī)律。通常，許多短文的段首句和段尾句都會包含一個問題。◆由于短文后面的提問常和文中的細節(jié)有關(guān)，因此必須記住聽過的內(nèi)容（做筆記）。◆如果短文是一篇(yīpiān)故事，聽的時候應(yīng)抓住地點、時間、人物、因果等要素（when,where,what,which,why,who,whose,how)。四級考試(kǎoshì)講座40第四十頁，共59頁。三、聽力(tīnglì)理解五）復(fù)合式聽寫應(yīng)試技巧

1.熟練掌握并不斷擴充詞匯量。單詞的記憶必須做到準(zhǔn)確(zhǔnquè)，這樣才能迅速而準(zhǔn)確(zhǔnquè)地拼寫出來。平時背單詞時應(yīng)該注意重音和音節(jié)。2.必須靈活運用并不斷擴充語法知識。語法關(guān)系到寫出的句子是否規(guī)范、合乎邏輯。3.充分利用朗讀“復(fù)合式聽寫”的Directions的時間，盡快瀏覽短文，以對全文的中心思想有所了解，做到心中有數(shù)。在瀏覽短文時，可以運用所掌握的語言知識和各項語言技能，盡可能提前推斷S36至S43空格所填單詞的詞性以及S44至S46空格的大致句式。4.特別注意文章中可能出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞以及句子的時態(tài)。四級考試(kǎoshì)講座41第四十一頁，共59頁。三、聽力(tīnglì)理解五）復(fù)合式聽寫應(yīng)試技巧

5.聽第一遍朗讀時，因為有了聽音前的瀏覽，考生可以適當(dāng)?shù)靥顚慡1至S7的單詞項或作些筆記，主要記些句中的實義詞，最主要的是抓住主、謂、賓，因為這些詞是組織句子的關(guān)鍵。6.培養(yǎng)邊聽邊記的能力。記錄時不必寫全單詞，可以使用縮寫、簡寫，甚至一些符號，只要自己能看懂就行，在平時可做些類似的訓(xùn)練。7.第三遍朗讀時，應(yīng)做好修改補漏工作。核對要點內(nèi)容，力求完整準(zhǔn)確，盡量不要出現(xiàn)多余信息，減少語法及拼寫錯誤。8.單詞聽寫務(wù)必準(zhǔn)確無誤，句子聽寫最好能照原文記下，但用自己的正確的語言（英語）完整地表達(biǎodá)原文的意思亦可視為正確得滿分。四級考試(kǎoshì)講座42第四十二頁，共59頁。四、仔細閱讀理解之篇章層次(céngcì)的詞匯理解選詞填空應(yīng)試技巧◆考查篇章理解能力，環(huán)環(huán)緊扣；理解句與句，段與段之間的關(guān)系；◆把握每個詞的詞性，理解詞類句法功能，由此可縮小范圍；語法功能決定待選詞的詞性，上下文意思決定待選詞的語義；◆充分利用上下文提示、理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系；◆培養(yǎng)(péiyǎng)較強的語法、句法能力；◆注意搭配(動詞與介詞/副詞的搭配、形容詞/名詞與介詞的搭配、動賓搭配乃至名詞與名詞的搭配等)。千萬別記“單”詞！四級考試(kǎoshì)講座43第四十三頁，共59頁。四、仔細閱讀理解之篇章層次(céngcì)的詞匯理解PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

四級考試(kǎoshì)講座44第四十四頁，共59頁。四、仔細閱讀理解之篇章(piānzhāng)層次的詞匯理解WhenRobertoFelizcametotheUSAfromtheDominicanRepublic,heknewonlyafewwordsofEnglish.Educationsoonbecamea47.“Icouldn'tunderstandanything,”hesaid.He48fromhisteachers,camehomeintears,andthoughtaboutdroppingout.ThenMrs.Malave,abilingualeducator,begantoworkwithhimwhileteachinghimmathandscienceinhis

49

Spanish.“ShehelpedmestaysmartwhileteachingmeEnglish,”hesaid.Giventhechancetodemonstratehisability,he50confidenceandbegantosucceedinschool.

Today,heisa51doctor,runshisownclinic,andworkswithseveralhospitals.Everyday,heusesthelanguageandacademicskillshe52throughbilingualeducationtotreathispatients.

四級考試(kǎoshì)講座45第四十五頁，共59頁。四、仔細閱讀理解(lǐjiě)之篇章層次的詞匯理解(lǐjiě)Roberto'sstoryisjustoneof53successstories.Researchhasshownthatbilingualeducationisthemost

54waybothtoteachchildrenEnglishandensurethattheysucceedacademically.InArizonaandTexas,bilingualstudents55outperformtheirpeersinmonolingualprograms.Calexico,Calif.,implementedbilingualeducation,andnowhasdropoutratesthatarelessthanhalfthestateaverageandcollege56ratesofmorethan90%.InElPaso,bilingualeducationprogramshavehelpedraisestudentscoresfromthelowestinTexastoamongthehighestinthenation.四級考試(kǎoshì)講座46第四十六頁，共59頁。四、仔細閱讀理解之篇章層次(céngcì)的詞匯理解注意：此部分(bùfen)試題請在答題卡2上作答。

A)wonder I)hid

B)acquired J)prominent

C)consistently K)decent

D)regained L)countless

E)nightmare M)recalled

F)native N)breakthrough

G)acceptance O)automatically

H)effective四級考試(kǎoshì)講座47第四十七頁，共59頁。五、仔細閱讀理解之篇章閱讀理解命題(mìngtí)規(guī)律◆倒著考/反著考題型命題模式為：文章中B導(dǎo)致C；問：有C這一結(jié)果，為什么？答案：因為B。所謂反著考，即將文章中的某句話，反過來考一遍。◆轉(zhuǎn)折處出題學(xué)生應(yīng)對閱讀文章中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折的地方特別加以注意。表示轉(zhuǎn)折的標(biāo)志詞有：but,infact,however,nevertheless等。◆seem/look/sound處出題作者經(jīng)常借助這類詞用以引用他人或一般人的看法(kànfǎ)，其實并不代表作者的真正要表達的含義，你得繼續(xù)往下看。四級考試(kǎoshì)講座48第四十八頁，共59頁。五、仔細閱讀(yuèdú)理解之篇章閱讀(yuèdú)理解命題規(guī)律◆例證考題命題模式：作者先陳述一種(yīzhǒnɡ)觀點并舉例作為證明。問題問你這個例子說明了什么？很簡單，就是說明或證明前面提出的觀點?！糁复}原文中某一段某一行中的it/them/they/theirs等指代什么？做這類題，記住兩個字“回指”，也就是往回看。因為只有上文提到了某一事物，下文才可用這類詞?！敉普擃}標(biāo)志詞有：infer/inference/suggest/imply/implication/conclude/conclusion等。這類題目屬比較難的題，要把握好。四級考試(kǎoshì)講座49第四十九頁，共59頁。五、仔細閱讀理解(lǐjiě)之篇章閱讀理解(lǐjiě)命題規(guī)律◆語義題實際上就是猜測詞義。手法有許多，最主要方法應(yīng)該是依據(jù)該詞或詞組或句子所出現(xiàn)的context，即上下文或語境(yǔjìnɡ)。記住：比較膚淺的字面或句面解釋通常不選?！艚Y(jié)