2023年英漢法律翻譯教程 孫萬彪

英漢法律翻譯孫萬彪合同有一定的形式和一般性的條款。法律翻譯的根本。“忠實通順〞法律翻譯的難處：對法律用于的理解長句的解讀和翻譯。導(dǎo)：法律的翻譯法律英語的嚴(yán)肅性和嚴(yán)性法律往往使用正式的詞語被賦予專門意義并已進(jìn)入法律英語范疇的普通詞語英語古詞語外來詞語法律屬于和行話套話。法律之中經(jīng)常會不少構(gòu)造復(fù)雜文辭冗長的句子。法律最突出的特點是客觀公正不帶主觀色彩因此句子中較少出現(xiàn)人稱主語更多的是被動語態(tài)和名詞化構(gòu)造。法律翻譯直譯。應(yīng)對法律的每一個詞〔包括虛詞〕都不能掉以輕心應(yīng)該按其在法律語境中的意思進(jìn)展翻譯。即使是介詞也應(yīng)當(dāng)重視。翻譯長句應(yīng)該在準(zhǔn)確理解句子的完好意思的根底上按中國所習(xí)慣的時間順序〔如由過去如今到將來〕和邏輯思維順序〔如“因〞而“果〞〕將英語原句譯成符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的文字?！安鸱帧熄暤奶幚矸绞健７煞g工作者除了在英語和漢語的功底和寫作才能有較高的要求同時還需要有一點個法律和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的知識。1．人稱代詞和物主代詞的翻譯漢語里的人稱代詞不多。在英語里但凡能用人稱代詞取代名詞的地方都用代詞。漢語有重復(fù)名次的強而不會過多使用人稱代詞。法律翻譯之中只有代詞“其〞才是最適宜的。三種翻譯：1．譯成漢語代詞(a)Withoutpriorwrittenapproval,noPartyshallassignanyandallofitsrightsandinterestsanddelegateitsresponsibilitiesunderthisAgreementtoanythirdparty.未經(jīng)事先允許任何一方不得將其在本協(xié)議項下的任何和全部權(quán)利和權(quán)益讓與及將其在本協(xié)議項下的責(zé)任委托給第三方。2．譯成所代替的名詞(a)ThisContractisexecutedininese.Ifnecessary,itmaybetranslatedintootherlanguages.本合同以中文文本簽署。如有必要本合同可譯成其他文字。(b)ThisAgreementconstituestheentireagreeementbetweenthepartieswithrespecttoitssubjectmatter,andnovariationofthisAgreementshallbedffectiveunlessmadeinwritingandsignedbyalloftheparties.本協(xié)議構(gòu)成雙方本協(xié)議標(biāo)的的完好協(xié)議對本協(xié)議的任何修改只有通過書面形式并經(jīng)雙方簽字前方能生效。3．略不譯(a)TheformationofthisContract,itsvalidity,interpretation,executionandsettlementofdisputesinconnectionherewithshallbegovernedbythelawsofthePeople’sRepublicofina.本合同的訂立效力解釋執(zhí)行和合同爭議的解決均受法律的轄。(b)Acertificateissuedbytheamberofmerceorotherappropriateauthoritywheresucircumstancesoccurshallbesufficientproofoftheexistenceofsucircumstancesandtheirduration.不可抗力發(fā)生地的商會或其他有關(guān)部門出具的證明應(yīng)足以證明不可抗力的存在和延續(xù)的時間。Assignment/transfer轉(zhuǎn)讓1.NeitherPartymayassignthisAgreement,inwholeorinpart,withouttheotherParty’spriorwrittenconsent,exceptto(i)anycorporationresultingfromanymerger,consolidationorotherreorganizationinvilvingtheassigningParty,and(ii)anyentitytowhitheassigningPartymaytransferallorsubstantiallyallofitsassets;providedthattheassigneeagreesinwritingtobeboundbyallthetermsandconditionsoftheAgreementandprovidesdocumentationasevidencethattheassigneehastheabilityandcapabilityofmeetingalloftheobligationsunderthisAgreement.任何一方未經(jīng)另一方事先書面同意不得轉(zhuǎn)讓本協(xié)議的全部或部除非轉(zhuǎn)讓給〔i〕涉及轉(zhuǎn)讓方的因兼并合并或其他重組而產(chǎn)生的任何〔ii〕轉(zhuǎn)讓方可以向其轉(zhuǎn)讓全部或絕大部資產(chǎn)的實體；但受讓方須書面同意受本協(xié)議所有條款和條件約束并提供證明受讓方有資格、有才能履行本協(xié)議項下的全部義務(wù)。2.Withoutpriorwrittenapproval,noPartyshallassignanyandallofitrightsandinterestsanddelegateitsresponsibilitiesunderthisAgreementtoanythirdparty.However,PartyBshallhavetherighttoassignitsrightsandinterestsanddelegatesitsresponsibilitieshereundertoanaffiliate;providedthatPartBshallcontinuetowarrantthatsuaffiliatewillpletethepuraseoftheequityinterestinthemannerconlatedbythisAgreement.任何一方未經(jīng)事先書面批準(zhǔn)不得將其在本協(xié)議項下的任何和全部權(quán)利和權(quán)益讓與及將其在本協(xié)議項下的責(zé)任委托給任何第三方。但乙方有權(quán)將其在本協(xié)議項下的權(quán)利和權(quán)益讓與及將其在本協(xié)議項下的責(zé)任委托給一家關(guān)聯(lián)但是乙方應(yīng)繼續(xù)保證該關(guān)聯(lián)將以本協(xié)議擬定的方式完成對股權(quán)的購置。

3.NeitherPartyheretoshallassignthisAgreementoranyofitsrightsandinterestsherunderwithouttheotherParty’spriorwrittenconsent,whishallnotbeunreasonablywithheld.NotwithstandingtheaboveprovisionofthisClause,(a)PartyAshallhavetherighttoassignitsrightstoanysubsidiary,affiliateorsuccessorentityaslongasPartyAremainsliabletoperformallofitsobligationsunderthisAgreementasapplicable,and(b)PartyBmay,withouttheconsentofPartyA,assigninwhole,butnotinpart,itsrightsherundertoanysubsidiary,affiliateorsuccessorentityofPartyBoritsultimateparentpany(providedthatanysuassignmenttoanysusubsidiaryshalnotbedeemedasareleaseofPartyB’sobligationshereunderunlessPartyAshallhavegivenpriorwrittenconsenttoanysureleaseandPartyBshallremainliabletoPartyAinrespectofanybreaofthisClause.)AnyattedassignmentincontraventionofthisClauseshallbevoid.本協(xié)議任何一方未經(jīng)另一方事先書面同意〔該另一方不得無理回絕同意〕不得轉(zhuǎn)讓本協(xié)議或其在本協(xié)議項下的任何權(quán)利和權(quán)益。盡本條有上述規(guī)定但(a)甲方有權(quán)將其權(quán)利讓與任何子、關(guān)聯(lián)或繼承實體只要在適用情況下加方仍有責(zé)任履行其在本協(xié)議項下的全部義務(wù)(b)乙方可以無須經(jīng)加方同意將其在本協(xié)議項下的全部〔而不是部〕權(quán)利讓與乙方的任何子、關(guān)聯(lián)或繼承實體或其最終的母〔但是像任何該等子進(jìn)展轉(zhuǎn)讓不應(yīng)被視為解除一方在本協(xié)議項下的義務(wù)除非甲方已事先書面同意予以解除且乙方假設(shè)違背本條規(guī)定仍需對甲方負(fù)有責(zé)任〕。任何試圖違背本條規(guī)定進(jìn)展的轉(zhuǎn)讓均為無效。Hereto,hereunder中的here系指thisAgreement,hereto=tothisAgreement,hereunder=underthisAgreementShall用在法律中表示法律規(guī)定的義務(wù)legalobligation翻譯成“應(yīng)〞Should表示道義上的義務(wù)moralobligation翻譯成“應(yīng)該〞“應(yīng)當(dāng)〞Notwithstanding盡正式用語Su是典型的法律用語用以指前面提及的人或事一般譯為“該〔等〕〞有時視上下文也可譯作“上述〞、“前述〞。4.TransferofRegisteredCapital注冊資本的轉(zhuǎn)讓(a)EitherPartymaytransferallorpartofitsregisteredcapitalcontributiontothepanytoanythirdparty,providedthatitfirstobtainstheunanimousapprovaloftheBoardandtheapprovaloftheApprovalAuthorityandplieswiththeprovisionsofthisArticle.任何一方均可將其在注冊資本中的全部和部出資轉(zhuǎn)讓給第三方但該等轉(zhuǎn)讓首先須經(jīng)一致通過及審批及格的批轉(zhuǎn)并符合本條的規(guī)定。Registeredcapitalcontribution=contributiontotheregisteredcapital在注冊資本中的出資額Board=theboardofdirectorsApprovalAuthority=theexaminationandapprovalauthority審批機(jī)構(gòu)(b)WhenaParty(the“DisposingParty〞)wishestotransferallorpartofitsregisteredcapitalcontributiontoathirdparty,itshallprovideawrittennotice(the“Notice〞)totheotherParty(the“Non-disposingParty〞).TheNoticeshallstatethattheDisposingPartywishestomakethetransferandshallspecifytheinterestitwishestotransfer,thetermsandconditionsofthetransfer,andtheidentityoftheproposedtransferee.(the“Transferee〞).一方〔“轉(zhuǎn)讓方〞〕欲將其全部或部注冊資本出資額轉(zhuǎn)讓給第三方時應(yīng)向另一方〔“非轉(zhuǎn)讓方〞〕提供書面〔“〞〕。應(yīng)說明轉(zhuǎn)讓方欲轉(zhuǎn)讓其出資明確欲轉(zhuǎn)讓的股權(quán)、轉(zhuǎn)讓的條款和條件及受讓人〔“受讓人〞〕的身份。在合同中放在括里首字母大寫的詞是為了后文表達(dá)簡便指稱明確而對其前面的對象所作的定義只不過是略了“hereinafterreferredtoas〞〔以下簡稱〕一語而已。(c)TheNon-DisposingPartyshallhaveapreemptiverighttopurasethewholeofsuinterest(i)ontermsandconditionsnolessfavorablethanthosespecifiedintheNoticeor(ii)atafairmarketvalueappraisedassetforthinparagraph(e).IftheNon-DisposingPartyelectstoexerciseitspreemptiveright,itshallnotifytheDisposingPartyinwriting(the“AcceptanceNotice〞)withinthirty(30)daysofotheactualdeliveryoftheNoticetotheNon-DisposingPartythatitintendstopurasethewholeoftheinteresttobetransferred.非轉(zhuǎn)讓方有優(yōu)先權(quán)〔i〕按不遜于規(guī)定的條款和條件或〔ii〕按〔e〕規(guī)定以經(jīng)評估的公平價購置全部該等股權(quán)。假設(shè)非轉(zhuǎn)讓方行使優(yōu)先權(quán)應(yīng)在轉(zhuǎn)讓方向非轉(zhuǎn)讓方實際送后三十〔30〕天內(nèi)以書面形式轉(zhuǎn)讓方〔“承受〞〕說明其有意購置擬轉(zhuǎn)讓的全部股權(quán)。在合同中但凡表示數(shù)目的詞〔包括金額和天數(shù)〕除了寫出英語外習(xí)慣上還要附以加括的與之相應(yīng)的阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。翻譯的時候也照此處理。(d)IftheNon-DisposingPartyfailstorespondinwritingtotheNoticewithinsuthirty(30)-dayperiod,theNon-DisposingPartyshallbedeemedtohaveconsentedtothetransfer.IftheNon-DisposingPartyconsents,theDisposingPartymaytransfersuinteresttotheTransferee,onthetermsandconditionssetforthintheNotice,butnototherwise,providedthatsutransfertakesplacewithinsix(6)monthsafterthedeliveryoftheNoticeandthattheTransfereeagreesinwritingtobeesubjecttoandtoplywiththetermsandconditionsofthisContractandtheArticlesofAssociation.TheDisposingPartyshallprovidetheNon-DisposingPartywithadlicateofitsexecutedtransferagreementwiththeTransfereewithinfourteen(14)daysaftertheagreementisexecuted.假設(shè)在上述三十〔30〕天內(nèi)非轉(zhuǎn)讓方未能作出書面回應(yīng)即被視為業(yè)已同意轉(zhuǎn)讓。假設(shè)非轉(zhuǎn)讓方同意、或被視為同意轉(zhuǎn)讓轉(zhuǎn)讓防止可按規(guī)定的〔而不是其他的〕條款和條件將該等股權(quán)向受讓人轉(zhuǎn)讓當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)讓人須在發(fā)出后六〔6〕個月內(nèi)進(jìn)展且受讓人須書面同意服從和遵守本合體和章程的條款和條件。轉(zhuǎn)讓方應(yīng)在與受讓人簽署轉(zhuǎn)讓協(xié)議后十四〔14〕天內(nèi)向非轉(zhuǎn)讓方提供經(jīng)其簽署的轉(zhuǎn)讓協(xié)議副本。(e)IftheNon-DisposingPartyelectstopursastheinteresttobetransferredatfairmarketvalue,theNon-DisposingPartyshallstateintheAcceptanceNoticethatitsoelects,andshallincludeintheAcceptanceNoticealistofatleasttwo(2)internationallyreconginzedaccountingfirmswithexperienceinconductingvaluationsinina.TheDisposingPartyshall,withinthirty(30)daysafterreceivingtheAcceptanceNotice,bynoticeinwritingdeliveredtotheNon-DisposingPartytovaluetheinteresttobetransferred.TheNon-DisposingPartyshallarrangethevaluation,whishallbepletedwithinthree(3)monthsafterthedeliveryoftheAcceptanceNotice.假設(shè)非轉(zhuǎn)讓方以公平的價購置擬轉(zhuǎn)讓的股權(quán)應(yīng)在承受中說明其此等意向并在其中列出至少兩〔2〕家在中國進(jìn)展評估方面具有經(jīng)歷的國際知名會計事務(wù)所。轉(zhuǎn)讓方應(yīng)在收到承受后三十(30)天內(nèi)向轉(zhuǎn)讓方送交書面提名非轉(zhuǎn)讓方提供的兩家會計事務(wù)所之一對擬轉(zhuǎn)讓的股權(quán)進(jìn)展評估。非轉(zhuǎn)讓方應(yīng)對評估做出安排評估應(yīng)在送交承受后三〔3〕個月內(nèi)完成。Elect=ooseordecidetodosomething做不及物動詞正式詞譯成“〞。Assignment/transfer轉(zhuǎn)讓補充練習(xí)——此章完畢1．TherightsandobligationsoftheJVCunderthisAgreementmaynotbeassignedorsub-contractedinwholeorinpartwithoutthepriorwritttenconsentofPartyA.未經(jīng)甲方的書面同意合資在本協(xié)議下的權(quán)利和義務(wù)不得全部或者部轉(zhuǎn)讓或分包。2．ShouldonePartyassignallorpartofitsregisteredcapital,priorwrittenconsentshallbesbtainedfromtheotherParty.Inaddition,theortherPartyshallhaveapreemptiverightonthesametermsandconditionstotoextentpermitedbylaw.假設(shè)一方要轉(zhuǎn)讓全部或者部其注冊資金應(yīng)事先獲得另一方的書面同意。此外該另一方應(yīng)在法律容許的范圍內(nèi)的同等條款和條件下享有優(yōu)先購置權(quán)。Notwithstandingtheforegoing,aPartyherebywaivesitspreemptiverightinthecaseofanyasignmentofallorpartoftheotherParty’sregisteredcapitaltoanaffiliateoftheotherParty.EaofthePartiesfurtheragreestocausethedirector(s)ithasappointedtotheBoardofDirectorstovoteinfavorofanysuproposedassignment.If,asaresultofitscorporaterestructuring,PartyAtransfersitsequityinterestintheCJVtooneofitsnewly-foundedaffiliates(“PartyAAffiliate〞),PartyAshallprovidePartyBwithawrittenassuranceguaranteeingtheperformanceoftheobligationsunderthisContractbyPartyAAffiliate.盡有上述規(guī)定假設(shè)一方將其全部或部注冊資本轉(zhuǎn)讓給一家關(guān)聯(lián)另一方那么在此放棄其優(yōu)先購置權(quán)。各方進(jìn)一步同意促使其向委派的董事投票贊成該等擬議的轉(zhuǎn)讓。假設(shè)由于甲方進(jìn)展重組而將其在合作經(jīng)營企業(yè)中的股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓給其新成立的關(guān)聯(lián)之一〔“甲方關(guān)聯(lián)〞〕那么甲方應(yīng)向乙方提供書面保證確保甲方關(guān)聯(lián)履行本合同項下的義務(wù)。

3．IfaParty(“IntendingTransferor〞)intendstosellorotherwisetransfer(collectivelyreferredtointhisClauseas“Transfer〞)allorpartofitsequityinterestintheJVpany(collectivelyreferredtointhieClauseas“TransferredEquityInterest〞),itshallfirstsendawrittennotice(“TransferNotice〞)totheothertwoParties,statingitsintentiontomakethetransfer,thequantityoftheTransferredEquityInterest,theconditionsforpurasethereofandtheidentityoftheproposedtranferee.TheothertwoPartiesshallhavethepreemptiverighttopurasetheTransferredEquityInterest.IftheothertwoPartiesexercisestheirpreemptiverighttopuraseall(butnotpart)oftheTransferredEquityInterest,theyshall,withinninety(90)daysofreceiptoftheTransferNotice,purasetheTransferredEquityInterestatapriceequaltothesellingpricesetoutintheTransferNotice.IftheothertwoPartiesfailtoexercisesupreemptiverighttopuaseorpaythe(90)-dayperiod,theyshallbedeemedtohavegiventheirpriorwrittenconsenttotheproposedtransfer.WhentheIntendingTransferortransferstheTransferredEquityInterest,theactualconditionsforsutransfermaynotbemorefavorablethantheconditionsforpurasesetoutintheTransferNotice.WheretheIntendingTransferoriseitherPartyBorPartyC,andPartyAcannotincreaseitsEquityRationintheregisteredcapitaloftheJVpanyduetotherestrictionimposedbyineselaw,thenPartyAshallhavetherighttoassignitspreemptiverightofpurasetoathirdpartyapprovedbyPartyA.假設(shè)一方〔“擬轉(zhuǎn)讓方〞〕意欲或以其他方式轉(zhuǎn)讓〔在本條中統(tǒng)稱“轉(zhuǎn)讓〞〕其在合資的全部或部股權(quán)〔在本條中統(tǒng)稱“轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)〞〕時首先應(yīng)向另外兩方發(fā)出書面〔“轉(zhuǎn)讓〞〕說明其轉(zhuǎn)讓意向、轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)的數(shù)量、購置條件以及擬議的受讓人身份。另外兩方享有購置轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)的優(yōu)先權(quán)。假設(shè)另外兩方行使其優(yōu)先權(quán)購置全部〔但不是部〕轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)那么應(yīng)在收到轉(zhuǎn)讓后的九十〔90〕天內(nèi)意向等已轉(zhuǎn)讓內(nèi)列明的價的價款購置轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)。假設(shè)另外兩方在九十〔90〕天限內(nèi)未行使其優(yōu)先購置權(quán)或未向擬轉(zhuǎn)讓人支付價款那么應(yīng)被視為已就該項擬議中的轉(zhuǎn)讓給予事前書面同意。擬轉(zhuǎn)讓方轉(zhuǎn)讓轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)時實際轉(zhuǎn)讓條件不得比轉(zhuǎn)讓內(nèi)所在的購置條件優(yōu)惠。假設(shè)擬轉(zhuǎn)讓方式乙方或丙方而甲方因受中國法律限制不能增加其在合資注冊資本中的股份比例在甲方有權(quán)將其優(yōu)先購置權(quán)讓與其認(rèn)可的第三方。

第二章BreaandInfringement詞語的翻譯(一)1.一詞多義goodagoodcontract有效合同goodwill或企業(yè)的“商譽〞(a)Neglectofdutyisgoodcauseforremovalofatrustee.理事玩忽職守理應(yīng)解除其職務(wù)。Goodcause表示alegallysufficientreason法律上有充分理由。(b)ThevendorshallprocurethatthePuraseracquiresgoodtitletotheSharesfreefromallarges,liens,encumbrances,quitiesandclaimswhatsoever.賣方應(yīng)保證買方獲得不容置疑的股份所有權(quán)且該等股份不帶任何押記、留置、負(fù)擔(dān)、權(quán)益和主張。Goodtitle=titlethatislegallyvalidandeffective法律上有效的所有權(quán)也可譯成無可爭辯的所有權(quán)。(c)NowTherefore,inconsiderationofthepremises,andtherepresentations,warranties,covenants,andundertakingsofthepartieshereinaftersetforth,andforothergoodandvaluableconsideration,thepartiesagreeamongthemselvesasfollows.鑒于上述和各方在下文所作的陳述、保證、立約和承諾及其他有效的有價約因現(xiàn)各方達(dá)成協(xié)議如下。Goodconsideration=considerationthatisvalidunderthelaw法律上有效的約因或?qū)r(d)PartyAisapanydulyorganized,validlyexistingandisgoodstandingasalegalpersonunderthelawsofthePRC.甲方是根據(jù)的法律正式成立有效存續(xù)和資格完備的法人。Ingoodstanding表示是符合法律法規(guī)要求的是有資格的。(e)IfanytermorprovisionofthisAgreementshallbeeorbedeclaredillegal,invalidorunenforceableforanyreasonwhatsoever,sutermorprovisionshallbeseveredfromthisAgreementandshallbedeemedtobedeletedfromthisAgreement;providedthatifsudeletionmateriallyaffectsoraltersthebasisofthisAgreement,thepartiesshallnegotiateingoodfaithtoamendandmodifytheprovisionsandtermsofthisAgreementasmaybenecesaaryordesirableinthecircumstances.假設(shè)因任何原因本協(xié)議的任一條款或規(guī)定變?yōu)榛虮恍紴椴缓戏?、無效或不可執(zhí)行該條款或規(guī)定須與本協(xié)議別離且被視為從本協(xié)議中刪除。但假設(shè)刪除該條條款或規(guī)定會本質(zhì)性影響或改變本協(xié)議的根底雙方應(yīng)以誠信的態(tài)度進(jìn)展會談以在必要或可取的情況下隊本協(xié)議的規(guī)定和條款進(jìn)展修改和變更。Goodfatith=honesty,fairnessandlawfulnessofpurpose誠信2.一詞多譯(a)TheAmendmentsincludeprovisionsforfreedomofspee,ofthepressandofworship;therightofcitizenstomeetpeacefully;therighttobesecureinone’sownhomeagainstunreasonablesearesandseizureofpersonsorproperty;andtherightofanypersonargedwithbreakingthelawtohaveaspeedytrialbyajuryoffellowcitizens.修正案條款中規(guī)定言、和信仰公民有和平的權(quán)利又在自己家里享有平安、人身不受無理搜尋和逮捕財產(chǎn)不受無理查抄的權(quán)利以及任何人被指控犯罪時享有公民陪審團(tuán)及時審理的權(quán)利。(b)NoneofthePartiesshallbeentitledtomakeorpermitorauthorizethemakingofanypressreleaseofotherpublicstatementordisclosureconcerningthisAgreementoranyofthetransactionsconlatedinit,withoutthepriorwrittenconsentoftheotherParties,saveasrequiredbylaworotherpetentauthority.未經(jīng)其他各方事先書面同意任何一方均無權(quán)就有關(guān)本協(xié)議或本協(xié)議與其的任何交易舉行發(fā)布會發(fā)表公開聲明或進(jìn)展披露亦無權(quán)允許或受權(quán)別人進(jìn)展此等發(fā)布或披露法律或其他主部門要求的除外。相關(guān)條款的翻譯1．IfPartyAmateriallybreaesthisContract,PartyBoritssuccessorininterestisentitledtoterminatethisContractorclaimdamagesforthebreaofcontract.IfPartyBmateriallybreaesthisContract,PartyAisentitledtorequestPartyB,byissuingawrittennotice,toredressthebreawithinfifteen(15)daysonreceivingsunotice.IfPartyBfailstoredressthebreawithinthefifteen(15)-dayperiod,PartyAisentitledtorescindtheContractandclaimdamagesforthebreaofcontract.假設(shè)甲方本質(zhì)性違背合同乙方或其權(quán)益承繼人有權(quán)中止本合同或要求得到損害賠償。假設(shè)乙方本質(zhì)性違背本合同甲方經(jīng)發(fā)出書面有權(quán)要求乙方在收到書面后十五〔15〕天內(nèi)改正違約行為。假設(shè)乙方在十五〔15〕天限內(nèi)未予改正加方那么有權(quán)解除合同并要求得到違約賠償。2．IfaPartymateriallyfailstoperformanyofitsobligationsunderthisContractorifaParty’srepresentationorwarrantyunderthisContractismateriallyuntrueorinaccurate,suPartyshallbedeemedtohavebreaesthisContract.ThePartyinbreashallhavethiry(30)daysfromreceiptofanoticeformtheotherPartyspecifyingthebreatocorrectsubreaifitisremediable.ThePartyinbreashallinanycasebeliabletotheotherPartyforalldamagescausedbythebrea.Liabilityforsudamagesshallnotbewaivedintheeventthenon-breaingPartyterminatesthisContractunderAticleX.Allremediesproviddedforhereinandunderlawshallbecumulative.假設(shè)一方本質(zhì)上未履行其在本合同項下的任何義務(wù)或一方在本合同項下的陳述或保證本質(zhì)上是不的或不準(zhǔn)確的該方應(yīng)被視為違背了合同。違約方應(yīng)在收到另一方指明其違約行為的后三十〔30〕日內(nèi)糾正其違約行為〔假設(shè)該違約行為是可以糾正的〕。無如何違約方有責(zé)任賠償另一方因該等違約而造成的一切損害。假設(shè)守約方根據(jù)X條中止本合同違約方仍應(yīng)給予損害賠償。本合同規(guī)定的及法律規(guī)定的一切救濟(jì)應(yīng)當(dāng)是累積的。3．TheLicenseeshallpromptlynotifytheLicensor,inwriting,ofanyactsofinfringementorsuspectedinfringementoractsofunfairpetitioninvolvingtheTrademarksandofanyapplicationsorregistrationsofconfusinglysimilarmarkswhimayetoitsattention,TheLicenseeshallnotbeentitledtotakeanyproceedingsorcallontheLicensortotakeanyproceedingsinanyoftheaforsaidmatters;provided,however,thattheLicensormay,atitsowndicretionandcost,prosecuteorotherwisestoporpreventsuacutalorthreatenedinfringementinthenameofboththeLicensorandtheLicenseeoreitherofthem,andineacasetheLicenseeshallrenderallreasonableassistancerequiredbytheLicensor.一旦被容許方得悉設(shè)計商標(biāo)的侵權(quán)行為或的侵權(quán)行為或涉及商標(biāo)的不正當(dāng)競爭行為以及引起混淆的類似商標(biāo)的應(yīng)用和注冊被容許方應(yīng)立即書面容許方。被容許方無權(quán)就上述任何行為起書或要求容許方起訴但容許方可自行并自付費用以容許方和被容許方雙方名義或任一方名義對實際發(fā)生或似將發(fā)生的商標(biāo)侵權(quán)行為提起訴訟或以其他方式阻止或防止該等行為侵權(quán)行為。無容許方采取前述何種行動被容許方均應(yīng)提供容許方所要求的一切合理協(xié)助。4．Infringementandlegalproceedings(a)TheLicenseeshallgivetheLicensorinwritingfullparticularsofanyuseorproposedusebyanyotherperson,firmorpanyofatradename,trademarkorget-ofgoodsormeansofpromotionoradvertisingwhiamountstoorislikelytoamounttoinfrinementoftherightsoftheLicensorinrelationtotheLicensedTrademarksorcontraventionoftheAnti-unfairpetitionLawassoonasitbeesawareofsuuseorproposeduse.被容許方一旦得悉任何其別人、商行或使用或擬使用的商品名稱、商標(biāo)、商品裝飾、促銷活廣告手段相當(dāng)于或可能相當(dāng)于進(jìn)犯容許方對于受容許商標(biāo)的權(quán)利或違背反不正當(dāng)競爭法應(yīng)立即以書面形式將詳細(xì)情況告知容許方。(b)IftheLicenseebeesawarethatanyotherperson,firmorpanyallegesthatanyoftheLicensedTrademarksisinvaildorthatuseoftheLicensedTrademarksanyrightsofanotherparty,theLicenseeshallimmediatelygivetheLicensorinwritingfullparticularsthereofandmaymakenodisclosureofinformationoradmissiontoanythirdpartyinrespectthereof.假設(shè)被容許方得悉任何其別人商行或聲稱受可商標(biāo)是無效的或受容許商標(biāo)的使用進(jìn)犯了他方權(quán)利應(yīng)立即以書面形式將詳細(xì)情況告知容許方并不得向任何第三方披露有關(guān)此方面的信息或?qū)Υ俗鞒龀烧J(rèn)。(c)TheLicensorconductalllegalproceedingsinrespectofanyinfringementorallegedinfringementoftheLicensedTrademarksandanyclaimorcounterclaimbroughtorthreatenedtobebroughtinconnectionwiththeuseorregistrationoftheLicensedTrademarksandshallinitsabsolutediscretiondecidewhattodo.TheLicensorshallnotbeobligedtobringordefendanyproceedingsinrelationtotheLicensedTrademarksiftheLicenseedecidesinitssolediscretiontodoso.對于受容許商標(biāo)所受到的侵權(quán)或侵權(quán)指控以及就受容許商標(biāo)的使用或注冊提出或擬將提出的索賠或反索賠容許方應(yīng)進(jìn)展一切法律訴訟并完全由其采取何種行動。假設(shè)被容許方自行就受容許商標(biāo)提起訴訟或進(jìn)展抗辯容許方無義務(wù)九次提起訴訟或進(jìn)展抗辯。(d)TheLicenseewill,attherequestoftheLicensorandattheLicensor’sexpense,givefullcoorperationtotheLicensorinanyactionorclaimbroughtorthreatenedtobebroughtinrespectoftheLicensedTrademarks,includingjoininginasapartytoanyproceedings.對于就受容許商標(biāo)提起或擬將提起的訴訟或索賠應(yīng)容許方要求并由容許方支付費用被容許方將給予容許方充分合作包括作為當(dāng)事人參與任何訴訟。補充翻譯練習(xí)1．IfanypartyfailstoperformanyofitsobigationsinanymaterialrespectunderthisAgreementorbreaesanyofthetermsorWarrantiessetoutinthisAgreementinanymaterialrespect,thenwithoutprejudicetoallandanyotherrightsandremediesavailableatanytimetoanon-defaultingparty(includingbutnotlimitedtotherighttodamagesforanylosssufferedbythatparty),thenon-defaultingpartymay,bynoticeeitherrequirethedefaultingpartytoperformsuobligationsorremedysubrea,ortreatthedefaultingpartyashavingrepudiatedthisAgreementandrescindthesame.TherightsconferredontherespectivepartiesbytheprovisionsoftheClauseareadditionaltoanddonotprejudiceanyotherrightstherespectivepartiesmayhave.假設(shè)任何一方未在本質(zhì)性方面履行其在本協(xié)議項下的任何義務(wù)或本質(zhì)性違背本協(xié)議規(guī)定的人以條款或保證在不損害非違約方任何時候可享有的一切和任何其他權(quán)利和補償〔包括但不限于要求賠償損失的權(quán)利〕的情況下非違約方可經(jīng)要求違約方履行其義務(wù)或糾正違約行為或視違約方已否認(rèn)協(xié)議有效而取消本協(xié)議。本款規(guī)定賦予各方的權(quán)利是對各方可能享有的其他權(quán)利的補充而不是損害。2．IntheeventthatLicensororLicenseebeesawareofanactualorthreatenedinfringementofaPatentanywhereintheTerritory,thatpartyshallpromptlynotifytheotherpartyinwriting.Licensorshallhavetherightbutnottheobligationtobring,atitsownexpense,aninfringementactionagainstanythirdpartyanduseLicensee’snameinconnectiontherewithandtonameLicenseeasapartythereto.假設(shè)容許方或被容許方得知區(qū)域內(nèi)任何地方實際發(fā)生或似將發(fā)生的專利侵權(quán)行為該方應(yīng)立即書面另一方。容許方有權(quán)利但無義務(wù)真獨任何第三方提起侵權(quán)訴訟并在訴訟中使用被容許方的名稱以及制定被容許方為訴訟的當(dāng)事人訴訟費由容許方負(fù)擔(dān)。3．IntheeventoftheinstitutionofanysuitbyathirdpartyagainstLicensor,Licenseeoritssub-licenseesordistributorsfropatentinfringementinvolvingthemanufacture,use,sale,distributionormarketingoftheProductanywhereinitheTerritory,thepartysuedshallpromptlynotifytheotherpartyinwriting.Licensorshalhavetherightbutnottheobligationtodefendsusuitatitsownexpense.LicensorandLisenseeshallassisteaotherandco-operateinanysulitigationattheother’srequestwithoutexpensetotherequestingparty.假設(shè)有第三方在區(qū)域內(nèi)任何地方就涉及的制造、使用、銷售、分銷或營銷對容許方、被容許方、或被容許方的分被容許方或分銷商提起專利侵權(quán)訴訟被訴方應(yīng)立即書面另一方。容許方有權(quán)但無義務(wù)對該等訴訟進(jìn)展抗辯備用由容許房子里。在任何該等訴訟中容許方或被容許方中的一方應(yīng)另一方懇求應(yīng)向懇求方提供協(xié)助并與懇求方合作但不得向其收取費用。第三章Confidentiality詞語的翻譯〔二〕1．復(fù)疊詞的翻譯法律英語在用詞方面的特點之一是常常講兩個同義詞或近義詞復(fù)疊在一起使用形成相對固定或穩(wěn)定的詞組或是為了加強語勢或是為了措辭嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。在翻譯時大體上有以下兩種：〔1〕兩個復(fù)疊的詞意義一樣或大體一樣一般只需譯成一個漢語詞：(a)Thecontractwasdeclarednullandvoidbythepetentauthority.主部門宣布該合同無效。(b)IfanyoneormoreoftheprovisionscontainedinthisAgreementshallbeinvaild,illegal,orunenforceableinanyrespectunderanyapplicablelaw,thevalidity,legalityandenforceabilityoftheremainingprovisionscontainedhereinshallnotinanywaybeaffectedorimpairedandshallremaininfullforceandeffect.假設(shè)本協(xié)議的某條或數(shù)條條款根據(jù)任何適用法律在任何方面是無效的、不合法的、或不能強迫執(zhí)行的那么本協(xié)議的其他條款的效力、合法性和可執(zhí)行性不受任何影響或損害并仍然完全有效。(c)DuringthetermofthisAgreement,PartyAshallundertake,renewandmaintainforitsbenefitandinterest,andatitsowncostandexpense,thefollowingprimaryinsurancepolicies.在本協(xié)議間甲方應(yīng)為自身利益自費購置、續(xù)買和保持以下主要。(d)PartyAfurtherrepresentsandwarrantsthattheLandisfreeandclearofanyandallclaims,arges,easement,encumbranes,lease,convenants,securityinterest,liens,option,pledge,rightsofothers,orrestrictions.甲方進(jìn)一步陳述和保證該土地不存在任何權(quán)利主張、抵押、地役權(quán)、權(quán)利負(fù)擔(dān)、租約、契約、擔(dān)保權(quán)益、留置權(quán)、購置權(quán)、質(zhì)押、別利或限制。(e)IntheeventthatanyoftheconditionsreferredtoinClauseXisnotfulfilledonorbeforetheCut-offDate,thenthePuasermaybynoticetotheVendorterminatethisAgreementwhereonallobligationsandliabilitiesofthepartieshereundershallceaseanddetermine.假設(shè)在截止日或之前X款提到的任何條件未得到滿足買方那么可以經(jīng)賣方終止本協(xié)議。協(xié)議一旦終止各方在本協(xié)議項下的所有義務(wù)和責(zé)任即刻終止?！?〕兩個復(fù)疊的詞意義相近可用兩個漢語近義詞來翻譯以充分表達(dá)原文的意旨：(a)Thepanyshall,atitsowncostandexpense,atalltimesduringoperationofthefactoryandotherfacilitiesandduringanyconstructionworktakeoutandmaintainfullandadequatepropertyinsurancecoveringthebuildings,contents,andotherfirstpartyrisksofthepanyasarecustomarilyinsuredagainstinina.應(yīng)在工廠和其他設(shè)施運營間以及工程施工間自費購置并保有在中國按慣例應(yīng)予的包括建筑物設(shè)施以及其他第一方風(fēng)險在內(nèi)的全面和充分的財產(chǎn)。(b)EaPartyundertakeswiththeotherPartythatitshalltreatasstrictlyconfidentialallinformationreceivedorobtainedbyitoritsemployees,agentsoradvisersasaresultofenteringintoorperformingthisAgreementandthatitshallnotatanytimehereaftermakeuseofordiscloseordivulgetoanypersonanysuinformation.各方向另一方承諾其將對因簽訂或履行本協(xié)議而由其或其雇員代理人或參謀得到或獲得的所有信息嚴(yán)格且在此后任何時候均不使用或向任何人披露或任何該等信息。1．一連串相關(guān)詞的翻譯法律英語在用詞方面的另一個特征是常常把一連串意義相關(guān)或相近的詞房子一起以求全面而無疏漏。但由于并不是每個法律用詞在漢語中都有完全等同或?qū)?yīng)的詞這給翻譯造成了難題。處理這個問題的是能找到對應(yīng)詞的盡量用對應(yīng)詞來譯；沒有類似的同類詞的只能暫告闕如。ThePartiesagreethatthisAgreementmaybepleadedinanycourtofpetentjurisdictionasabartoanyaction,suit,claim,causeofactionorproceedingmencedbyPartyBagainstPartyAorPartyCfororinrespectoforinanywayconnectedwithorarisingoutoftheclaim.各方同意本協(xié)議可在有轄權(quán)的任何法庭上用于辯以阻止乙方為索賠、就索賠、與索賠有關(guān)或因索賠而向甲方或丙方提起訴訟、索賠、訴訟事由或訴訟程序。(b)Taxationshallpriseallformsoftaxes,includingwithoutlimitationinetax,capitalgainstax,stampduty,tariffs,customsduties,importandexportduties,impositions,dutiesandlevies,andallfines,penalties,arges,fees,costsandratesimposed,leviedandcollectedbythetaxationauthorityandotherpetentauthorities.稅收包括各種形式的稅項包括但不限于和其他主部門征收的所得稅、資本利得稅、印花稅、關(guān)稅、進(jìn)出口稅、各種征稅、以及一切罰金、收費和稅款。相關(guān)條款的翻譯1．EaPartyundertakeswiththeotherPartythatitshalltreatasstrictlyconfidentialallinformationreceivedorobtainedbyitoritsemployees,agentsoradvisersasaresultofenteringintoorperformingthisAgreementincludinginformationrealtingtotheprovisionsofthisAgreement,thenegotiationsleadingtothisAgreement,thesubjectmatterofthisAgreementorthebusinessoraffairsoftheotherPartyoranymemberoftheotherParty’sgroofpaniesandthatitshallnotatanytimehereaftermakeuseofordiscloseordivulgetoanypersonanysuinformationandshalluseitsbestendeavorstopreventthepublicationordisclosureofanysuinformation.各方向另一方承諾其將對因簽訂或履行本協(xié)議而由其或其雇員、代理人或參謀得到或獲得的所有信息包括與本協(xié)議的規(guī)定、為達(dá)本錢協(xié)議進(jìn)展的會談、本協(xié)議的標(biāo)的、或另一方的或另一方集團(tuán)任意成員的業(yè)務(wù)或事物相關(guān)的信息嚴(yán)格其在此后任何時候均不使用或向任何人披露或任何該等信息并竭力防止該等信息的公布或披露。2．FromandafterthedateofthisAgreement,PartyAshall,andshallcauseitsaffiliatesandsuccessorsto,usethesameeffortstomaintaintheconfidentialityofanyConfidentialInformationasPartyAusedtomaintaintheconfidentialityofsuinformationpriortothedatehereof.Notwithstandingtheforegoing,PartyAanditsaffiliatesandsuccessorsshall,afterpriornoticeto,andconsultationwithPartyB,bepermittedtodiscloseanysuConfidentialInformationtotheextentlegallyrequiredornecessaryforobtainingappropriateregulatorylicensesorapprovals.自本協(xié)議之日起及其后甲方應(yīng)盡力并應(yīng)促使其關(guān)聯(lián)或承繼人盡力對機(jī)信息進(jìn)展一如其在本協(xié)議之日前為該等機(jī)信息。盡有前述規(guī)定甲方及其關(guān)聯(lián)和承繼人經(jīng)事先乙方并與乙方協(xié)商后應(yīng)允許其僅按照法律要求或為獲得有關(guān)理部門的執(zhí)照或批準(zhǔn)而披露必須予以披露任何該等機(jī)信息。3．AllProprietaryInformationdisclosedbyeitherPartyoritsaffiliatestotheCJVinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisContractandtheTenologyLicenseAgreementand/ortheTragdemarkLicenseAgreementtobeenteredintobetweenanaffiliateofPartyBandtheCJVonoraboutthedatehereofsubstantiallyintheformattaedheretoasAppendixXshallbeusedbytheCJVanditspersonnelsolelyfortheCJV’saccountandpurposes.EapartyandanyofitsaffiliatesshallmaintainthesecrecyofallProprietaryInformationthatmaybedisclosedorfurnishedtoitbytheCJVortheotherPartyanditsaffiliates,andneitherofthePartiesortheiraffiliatesshalldiscloseorrevealanysuPropriertaryInformationtoanythirdpartywithoutexplicitwrittenauthorizationformtheotherParty.AnyProprietaryInformationobtainedbytheCJVoraPartyoritsaffiliatesmaybedisclosedonlytothedesignatedemployeesoftheCJVorthatPartyanditsaffiliateswhosedutiessorequirefortheimplementationofthisContract.TheCJVandeaPartyanditsaffiliatesshalltakeallreasonableprecautions(includingtheconclusionofconfidentialitycontractswitheasuemployee)topreventsuemployeesfromusinganddisclosingtheProprietaryInformationincontraventionofthisArticle3.任何一方或其關(guān)聯(lián)根據(jù)本合同及一方一家關(guān)聯(lián)與合作經(jīng)營企業(yè)于本合同同日或稍后簽訂的技術(shù)容許協(xié)議和/或商標(biāo)容許協(xié)議〔其格式見附件五〕的規(guī)定向合作經(jīng)營企業(yè)披露的所有專有信息僅供合作經(jīng)營企業(yè)及員用于合作經(jīng)營企業(yè)的自身利益和目的。各方及其關(guān)聯(lián)應(yīng)對合作經(jīng)營企業(yè)或另一方及其關(guān)聯(lián)向其披露或提供的所有專有信息；未經(jīng)另一方明示的書面受權(quán)任何一方或其關(guān)聯(lián)不得向任何第三方披露或透露任何該等專有信息。合作經(jīng)營企業(yè)或一方或其關(guān)聯(lián)獲得的人和專有信息只能披露給為執(zhí)行本合同其職責(zé)需要其知悉該等信息的合作經(jīng)營企業(yè)或該方及其關(guān)聯(lián)的指定雇員。合作經(jīng)營企業(yè)和各方及其關(guān)聯(lián)應(yīng)采取一切合理的預(yù)防措施〔包括與每一個該等雇員訂立合同〕防止該等雇員違背本條規(guī)定而使用