高中英語課文理解必修1-2

高中英語課文理解必修1-2TheRoadtoModernEnglishTask1Skimthroughthearticleandfindthemainideaforeachpart.part1TheEnglishspokeninSouthAsiapart2ThereasonsforthechangesinEnglishpart3ThesettlementoftheEnglishlanguagepart4MoreEnglishspeakerspart5NotroubleinunderstandingfornativespeakersFast-readingCarefullyreadthroughthepassageanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.Englishhadthemostspeakersinthe17thcentury.EnglishdevelopedwhennewsettlersandrulerscametoBritain.Languagesfrequentlychange.Thelanguageofthegovernmentisalwaysthelanguageofthecountry.EnglishisoneoftheofficiallanguagesusedinIndia.ThisreadingdescribesthedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.Careful-reading1.Attheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.簡單句，第一句主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，第二句主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。attheendof…“在…的末/盡頭”；million“百萬”。譯：在街道的盡頭聚集著數(shù)百萬人聽Lincoln演講。____________(million)ofpeoplegatheredattheendofthestreet,____________(listen)toLincoln’sspeech.SentenceAnalysisMillionslistening句式變化11.Attheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.

Attheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish,nearlyallof_________livedinEngland.whom2.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.并列句，并列連詞and連接兩個(gè)分句。makevoyages“航海（旅行）”；tobespoken“被講/說”，作began的賓語。譯：鄭和的一生中作了多次航海旅行，開創(chuàng)了明朝和南亞、東南亞、西亞的貿(mào)易往來。

ZhengHemadeseveral___________(voyage)inhislifetimeandthetradebetweentheMingDynastyandthecountriesinSouthAsia,SoutheastAsiaandWestAsiabegan__________________________(develop).

tobedevelopedvoyages句式變化22.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.

Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworld,becauseof__________Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.which3.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.簡單句，主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。more…thaneverbefore“比以前更多…”；speak…as…“把…當(dāng)成…來說”。譯：現(xiàn)在比以前有更多的中國學(xué)生把英語作為一門重要課程來學(xué)習(xí)。NowadaysmoreChinesestudentsare_____________(learn)Englishasanimportantsubjectthaneverbefore.learning4.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.主從復(fù)合句，evenif引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。evenif=eventhough“即使…（也）…”，且與although/though/while“雖然…”意義接近，但語氣卻更強(qiáng)烈。譯：即使你以前英語學(xué)得不好，我認(rèn)為只要你努力，你也能學(xué)好英語的。Evenifyoufailed___________(study)Englishwellinthepast,inmyview,youcanlearnEnglishwellsolongasyouworkhard(atit).tostudy4.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon’tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.

WhiletheyspeakEnglishalittle_______(difference),nativeEnglishspeakersalmosthavenotroublein______________(understand)eachother.句式變化3differentlyunderstanding5.Lookatthisexample:

BritishBetty:Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?

AmericanAmy:Yes.I’dliketocomeuptoyourapartment.祈使句+情景對話。wouldliketodosth.“愿意做某事”；comeup(tosp./sb.)“走近；被提出”。譯：你愿意一個(gè)更好的計(jì)劃在明天的會(huì)上被提出嗎？Wouldyoulikeitthatabetterplan______________(comeup)attomorrow’smeeting?willcomeup6.SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?

簡單句，主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。

overtime“在一段時(shí)間里”，介詞over意為“在…期間”。

overlunch/dinner“在吃午餐/正餐時(shí)”

overtheNewYear/theNationalDay“在春節(jié)/國慶節(jié)期間”

over[=during/in]thepast20years“在過去20年里”譯：歲月磨白了他們的頭發(fā)，但他們的愛卻依然如故。Thehairontheirheadshasturnedgrayovertimebuttheirlove_________(remain)thesameasbefore.

remains7.Actuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.

主從復(fù)合句，when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。

actuallyadv.“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上”，近義詞組有：

infact/inpractice/ineffect/inreality/asamatteroffact譯：雖然英語是很重要的，但事實(shí)上要學(xué)好英語卻不容易。

Englishisofgreatimportance,butitis________(actual)noteasytolearnitwell.actually8.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.簡單句，主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的兩個(gè)spoken…都是過去分詞短語作后置定語。English=theEnglishlanguage“英語（語言）”，而句中出現(xiàn)在spoken短語前的theEnglish卻表示“特定的英語”。譯：就在美國，居住在東部的人與居住在西部的人說的英語都有些不一樣。

EvenintheUSA,theEnglishspokenbytheeasternersisalittledifferentfrom_____spokenbythewesterners.that9.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.主從復(fù)合句，wespeakatpresent是定語從句修飾先行詞theEnglish,由于先行詞在定語從句內(nèi)作speak的賓語，所以關(guān)系代詞that/which被省略。

bebasedonsth.“以…為基礎(chǔ)”；

moreAthanB“與其說是B還不如說是A”。譯：與其說她生氣了，還不如說她非常惱怒。

Sheismoreannoyedthanangry.=Sheisveryannoyed____________angry.ratherthan

9.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.

ItwasbasedonGermanratherthantheEnglish_______(speak)atthepresenttime.句式變化4spoken10.ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.主從復(fù)合句，because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，who引導(dǎo)定語從句。lesspron.&adv.“更少，較少”[Ant.more]，修飾介詞詞組或不可數(shù)名詞或形容詞或副詞。lessthan“少于”[Ant.morethan]，nolessthan“不少于，多達(dá)”。譯：既然他們的質(zhì)量都是一樣的，我寧愿買較便宜的那款。

Sincetheyareofthesamequality,Iwouldratherbuythe________________(expensive)type.lessexpensive11.ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary.Sobythe1600’sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.簡單句，主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。enrich:en+rich(adj.),vt.makesth.becomerich“豐富”enlarge:en+large(adj.),vt.makesth.becomelarger“擴(kuò)大”deepen:deep(adj.)+en,vt.makesth.deeper“加深”

widen:wide(adj.)+en,vt.makesth.wider“加寬”broaden:broad(adj.)+en,vt.makesth.broader“拓寬”lighten:light(adj.)+en,vt.makesth.lighter“減輕”makeuseofsth.todosth.“利用…來做某事”=usesthtodosth

makegood/fulluseof“充分利用…”；

makethebest/mostof“充分利用…”。譯1：應(yīng)該運(yùn)用更好的教學(xué)方法來減輕課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)。Betterteachingmethodsshouldbemadeuseof__________(lighten)theburdenofstudents’schoolwork.譯2：應(yīng)該充分利用零碎的時(shí)間來記憶英語單詞和短語。

Fulluseshouldbemadeoffragmentarytime_____________(memorize)Englishwordsandexpressions.

tolightentomemorize12.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.簡單句，主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。movevi.“搬家，搬遷”

move(from…)to…（從…）搬遷到…

movesb.(from…)to…把某人（從…）調(diào)動(dòng)到…譯：上星期一他舉家搬遷到重慶，因?yàn)樗{(diào)到重慶公安局了。LastMondayhetogetherwithhiswholefamilymovedtoChongqingbecausehe___________________(move)toChongqingPublicSecurityBureau.hadbeenmoved13.Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspellinghappened:firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.ThelattergaveaseparateidentitytoAmericanEnglishspelling.簡單句，主謂（賓）結(jié)構(gòu)。settlevt.&vi.解決，確定；定居；安靜下來；結(jié)算settleanargument解決爭論；settlethebill結(jié)賬；settledownto(doing)sth.定下心來做某事；settlein/intosth.適應(yīng)譯：適應(yīng)了新學(xué)校的生活以后，你應(yīng)該定下心來認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)。

After____________(settle)intothelifeofthenewschool,youshouldsettledowntoyourschoolwork.settling

14.EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample,IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.簡單句+主從復(fù)合句+簡單句，because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。

alargenumberof+n.(pl.)“大量/許多…”+復(fù)謂

thenumberof+n.(pl.)“…的數(shù)量”+單謂譯：上期，許多學(xué)生都喜歡在二食堂進(jìn)餐，而在六食堂進(jìn)餐的學(xué)生卻很少。

LastsemesteralargenumberofstudentspreferredtohavedinnerinNo.2LunchroomwhilethenumberofstudentswhohaddinnerinNo.6Lunchroom______(be)quitesmall.

was14.…Forexample,IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.…Forexample,averylargenumberofIndianpeoplespeakEnglish_____________(fluent)becauseIndiawasruledbyBritainbetween1765and1947,during____________timeEnglishwastheofficiallanguageforgovernmentandeducation.句式變化5fluentlywhich15.EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaandcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.簡單句，現(xiàn)在分詞短語learningEnglishinChina作后置定語修飾people。

increaseto“增加到…”；increaseby“增加了…”；

ontheincrease/rise“在增加/上漲”[Ant.decrease]

譯：近今個(gè)月來石油價(jià)格處于上漲趨勢。石油價(jià)格上漲了6%，即，增長到了每升6元。

Recentmonthstheoilpricehasbeen______theincrease.Ithasincreased______6%,thatis,ithasincreased_______6yuanperlitre.onbyto16.Infact,ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity?Onlytimewilltell.簡單句，主謂（賓）結(jié)構(gòu)。developitsownidentity“發(fā)展（形成）自己的特色”；

onlyadv.“僅僅，只有”；Only置于句首時(shí)，若后接句子主語則用主謂語序，若后接時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件等狀語則用倒裝語序。

譯：只有在失去了上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)之后，他才真正意識(shí)到了努力學(xué)習(xí)的重要性。

Onlyafterlosingthechanceofgoingtocollege___________realizetheimportanceofhardwork.

didhe高中英語課文理解必修1-2StandardEnglishandDialects17.…Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.

believeitornot“信不信由你”，省to不定式短語作插入語，類似的有l(wèi)etalone“更不要說”；當(dāng)然，用帶to不定式作插入語更常見，如：totell(you)thetruth“說實(shí)話”，tobehonest“老實(shí)說”，tobefrank“坦率地說”，nottomention“更不要說”，等。譯：信不信由你，我覺得他根本不誠實(shí)，更不用說可靠。

Believeitornot,inmyeyes,heisanythingbuthonest,letalone_______________(depend).dependable

nosuchthingas…“沒有諸如…的東西”，該結(jié)構(gòu)中由于no=nota/any,所以沒有冠詞；as可用作介詞后可接名詞，或從屬連詞，后接定語從句。

注意：such…that…“如此…以至于…”，其中that引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句。

譯1：世上沒有免費(fèi)的午餐。

Thereis____________thingasafreelunchintheworld.

譯2：他所得到的這樣的建議結(jié)果證明幾乎是毫無價(jià)值的。

Suchadvice_______hewasgivenprovedtobevalueless.

譯3：他是如此優(yōu)秀的孩子以至于我們都喜歡他。

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