2007考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解真題解析第二篇智商測(cè)驗(yàn)

2007Text2sdaretl,eyrtnMarilyn.”P(pán)eopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10thehadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228–highestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,What'sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?①I(mǎi)t'snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.????1023歲時(shí)的水平，這使得她的智商高達(dá)228――是有薩文特面對(duì)普通人（100）提出的像“熱愛(ài)與喜愛(ài)之間的區(qū)別是一個(gè)人能夠回答難倒了一些最杰出的詩(shī)人和哲學(xué)家的問(wèn)題，這可并不那么顯而易見(jiàn)。mental adj.精神的,智力的verbal adj.口頭的（言語(yǔ)（形容詞后綴）＝：不用語(yǔ)言的analogy n.,類(lèi)推【習(xí)】haveananalogyto/with具有與...相似之處;byanalogy用類(lèi)推法【例】Noanalogyexistsbetweenthem.兩者毫無(wú)相似之處。envision vt.想象,預(yù)想numerical adj.,用數(shù)表示的fondness n.,溺愛(ài)coincidencen.一致,相合,同時(shí)發(fā)生或同時(shí)存在(尤指偶然)的事（）+（）：兩個(gè)小的事情同時(shí)發(fā)生【例】Whatacoincidence.多巧啊。elude 躲避1、It'snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.其中原因并不為人所知。twetovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalsuitsone，toanswerquestions是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，而questions后又跟了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。visualizeimaginehadahardtimetovisualizethesceneasitwasdescribed.（他難以設(shè)想所描繪的場(chǎng)景）elude表示躲避，也可表示理解不了，想不起來(lái)。根據(jù)句中的意思，可以譯為回答不了。例如：Theanswertothisquestioneludedmeforalongtime,perhapsbecauseitwassosimple.（這個(gè)1問(wèn)題的答案我想了許久，也許是因?yàn)閱?wèn)題太簡(jiǎn)單了）Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?而聰明意味著什么？可以明確顯示智力有多少？毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，智力包含的不僅僅是一次測(cè)試所得的分?jǐn)?shù)。我們能夠從神經(jīng)學(xué)、遺傳學(xué)、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)以及其他領(lǐng)域了解的智力又有多少？環(huán)繞,包含或包括某事物encompass 包圍,ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms:theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren'sversion).Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.isnowSuperhighscoreslikevosSavant'sarenolongerpossible,becausescoring②basedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplyOther by100.thechronologicalageandmultiplyingdividingthementalagebystandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.和威斯勒智力衡量表（試一般要花費(fèi)幾百美元，因此通常只有心理學(xué)家才進(jìn)行這些測(cè)試，類(lèi)型?薩文特得到100n.adj.,statistican.同等的人peerSuperhighscoreslikevosSavant'sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringis2、ratherthanonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,basednowsimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.vos100populationstatistical（e（同齡人，l（智力年齡（人口分布統(tǒng)計(jì)，es（時(shí)間年齡或日歷年齡。Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowIntelligentIsIntelligence③Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQtestdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership–thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit'sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip.羅伯特?杰?斯頓伯格認(rèn)為，這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)試不可能評(píng)估在學(xué)校和生活中取得成功所需的所有重要因素。在其名為“智力測(cè)試如何明智？”的文章中，斯頓伯格指出，傳統(tǒng)的測(cè)試最恰當(dāng)?shù)卦u(píng)估了分析能力和語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力，但沒(méi)有測(cè)量創(chuàng)造性和實(shí)際知識(shí)，這些也是解決問(wèn)題和在生活中取得成功的關(guān)鍵因素。而且，一旦2種群或環(huán)境發(fā)生變化，智商測(cè)試就不一定預(yù)測(cè)得那么準(zhǔn)確。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果在低壓力狀況下進(jìn)行智商測(cè)試，那么這種測(cè)試就可以預(yù)測(cè)出領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能，但是，在高壓力狀況下，智商測(cè)試所得的結(jié)果與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能的關(guān)系是否定的，也就是說(shuō)，它預(yù)測(cè)的結(jié)果是相反的。任何經(jīng)歷過(guò)學(xué)術(shù)能力檢測(cè)的人都會(huì)認(rèn)為，應(yīng)試能力也很重要，無(wú)論是知道何時(shí)應(yīng)該進(jìn)行推測(cè)，還是知道應(yīng)該忽略什么問(wèn)題。elements n.原理,基礎(chǔ)predict 預(yù)知,預(yù)言,預(yù)報(bào)【巧】pre（先）＋dict（說(shuō)）＝predict（在發(fā)生之前就說(shuō)了，也就是預(yù)言）【例】predictrainfortomorrow預(yù)告明天有雨3、Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestsbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.【譯文】Sternberg認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)的測(cè)試最能評(píng)定分析技能和語(yǔ)言技能，但卻無(wú)法測(cè)定創(chuàng)造力和實(shí)際知識(shí)，而這些部分對(duì)解決問(wèn)題和人生的成功也起著至關(guān)重要的作用。Sternbergthattraditionalassessanalyticalandverbalfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledgecreativityandpracticalknowledge的同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)的完整結(jié)構(gòu)是components(thatare)alsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess?！局v詞】note作動(dòng)詞，可以譯為注意到或認(rèn)為。類(lèi)似的動(dòng)詞有observe,maintain,argue,pointout等。asses意為評(píng)估，估定，其名詞是assessment。assess的同義詞有evaluate,determine,gauge,measure等。Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligenttest?Answeringphilosophicalquestions.Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.Tellingthedifferencebetweencertainconcepts.Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones.26.[D]判斷題。請(qǐng)問(wèn)在智商測(cè)試中要求我們做到什么?根據(jù)IQ測(cè)試，返回原文第一段第三句‘IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtoel,grr.“回答一些哲學(xué)問(wèn)題”是一個(gè)文中未提及的信息;選項(xiàng)[B];選項(xiàng)[C][D]“選擇與已給出單同或者圖表相類(lèi)似的那一個(gè)”中的wordsverbal,graphsvisual,similartoanalogy為正確答案。6（o（o）一些圖形或數(shù)字的能力；或進(jìn)行文字和圖像的類(lèi)比，當(dāng)然不用回答哲學(xué)問(wèn)題A；也不要你動(dòng)手去折疊或去剪一張紙B；Ctsts（或稱(chēng)為表語(yǔ)（在主語(yǔ)從句中，how為引導(dǎo)詞，這個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句中的“主+謂+賓”分別是thecapacity(主)+suits(謂)+onetoanswerquestions(雙賓語(yǔ))。WhatcanbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3?PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofintelligence.MoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet.3Thetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybedifferent.Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumanintelligence.27.[C]?選項(xiàng)IQ測(cè)試結(jié)果作為智商的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”與原文第三段首句“ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore();原文第二段第二句闡述現(xiàn)在智力測(cè)試只有兩個(gè)版本“the???????e“科學(xué)家已經(jīng)為人類(lèi)智商的重要因素下了定義[C]“成人和孩子的智商測(cè)試內(nèi)容是不同的”對(duì)應(yīng)原文第蘭段第二句中括號(hào)里的內(nèi)容甥???環(huán)瘠牥楳湯。PeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasvosSavant'sbecausethescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalprocedures.creativityratherthananalyticalskillsisemphasizednow.vosSavant'scaseisanextremeonethatwillnotrepeat.thedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshaschanged.28.[A]細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題為什么人們不可能再獲得像vosSavant那樣的智商測(cè)試高分?對(duì)應(yīng)原文第二段第四句，ecausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,??桴????條???禰ㄠ而且與原文第四段第二句“Sternbergnotesthattraditionalteststsldlstloeydl選項(xiàng)[C]vosSavant;選項(xiàng)[D]“智力測(cè)試特為正確選項(xiàng)。問(wèn)題：人們?nèi)缃褚呀?jīng)很難達(dá)到薩文特的高分了，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的分?jǐn)?shù)是通過(guò)不同的計(jì)算模式得出的，選統(tǒng)