初中短文填空技巧及練習(xí)

精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)專心---專注---專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)中考短文填空解題技巧I．首字母填空題解題技巧字母填空題主要考察學(xué)生正確理解和書(shū)寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)單詞。解答這種題需要平時(shí)扎實(shí)地打好基礎(chǔ)，單詞拼寫(xiě)要過(guò)關(guān)，善于分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，熟練各種詞形首的變化，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式的變化，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用等，另外，掌握必要的閱讀技巧，也很重要。一．跳過(guò)空格，通讀短文，了解大意根據(jù)首字母填空的題型，實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于完形填空，必須先快速通讀全文，盡量理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)揣摩需要填詞的句子，只有完全理解全句的意思，才能準(zhǔn)確填寫(xiě)單詞。二.復(fù)讀短文，確定語(yǔ)義，判斷詞形。1．利用上下文的語(yǔ)境，結(jié)合所學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)，先確定空格處所需詞語(yǔ)的意義.2．再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語(yǔ)搭配和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，判斷所填的詞的正確形式。例如，單，復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞，副詞的級(jí)別、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式等，要特別注意時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)及主謂一致。三．.通讀短文，檢查答案。II、動(dòng)詞填空題解題技巧動(dòng)詞填空主要用來(lái)測(cè)試考生對(duì)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式、語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂一致等知識(shí)的掌握情況。因此，掌握好動(dòng)詞的各種形式及其用法是做此類題的關(guān)鍵。我們可以從以下幾方面著手：一、確定正確的時(shí)態(tài)1．根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)確定時(shí)態(tài)。例如，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：already,yet,ever,never,just,before,for,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)；since+過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的句子,sofar,bynow,in/duringthelast/pastfewyearsetc2．注意時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。在主從復(fù)合句中，主句謂語(yǔ)與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是相互照應(yīng)的。1）在賓語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)需要選用任何時(shí)態(tài)；如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)；如果從句表達(dá)的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)不管主句是何種時(shí)態(tài)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2）在狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，或是祈使句，或是含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子，時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。3．根據(jù)上下文確定時(shí)態(tài)。有時(shí)句子沒(méi)有明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，也不能用時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)規(guī)則來(lái)對(duì)照，這時(shí)就可以根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容來(lái)判斷時(shí)間關(guān)系，確定時(shí)態(tài)。如：如：“You’vecertainlytouchedmyheartwithyourchoices.AndI’msuretheFiveFriendlies_____(touch)theheartoftheworld.”句意是“你以你的選擇已經(jīng)震撼了我的心，我相信這五個(gè)福娃將會(huì)給世人帶來(lái)震撼?！焙缶涫枪P者對(duì)美好事物的祝愿，所以應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。二、確定正確的語(yǔ)態(tài)我們?cè)诳紤]時(shí)態(tài)的同時(shí)，也要考慮語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；反之用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：“They_______(choose)carefullybyBeijing2008torepresent….注意：不及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（如listen，sleep，takeplace,happen，getup，growup，breakout，comein等）沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthelastfewyears.Thewarbrokeoutmanyyearsago．但是，當(dāng)“不及物動(dòng)詞＋介（副）詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞其作用相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Thechildrenarelookedafterwell．三、確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式如果所給的動(dòng)詞在句子中不作謂語(yǔ)，就應(yīng)該考慮用動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。1．want，hope，wish，decide，wouldlike，agree,learn,plan,choose,manage,offertodo2．在enjoy，finish，mind，bebusy，beworth，feellike，what／howabout，can'thelp，practice，havefun／problems,miss,giveup,suggest,lookforwardto,succeedin,payattentionto,keep,beworth,allow-ing3．tell,ask,order,encourage,advise,teach,want,wish,allowsbtodo4.remember,forget,stop,try,mean,love,like,need,goon,continue,beusedtodo/doing5.感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞feelsbdo/doinglistento,hearsbdo/doingmake,let,havesbdo(havesthdone)lookat,watch,see,noticesbdo/doing在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用todo短文填空訓(xùn)練：ATangLingoftensmokedcigarettes(香煙)inhisschool’swashingroom.Hestartedsmoking76theageof14.OnedayhelearntthattheNBAstarYaoMing,anambassador(大使)totheChineseAssociationonTobaccoControl(中國(guó)控?zé)焻f(xié)會(huì)),askedpeoplenottosmoke.YaoMingwasTang’sfavoritestar,77hiswordsmeantalottohim.Hedecidedto78upsmoking.AccordingtotheChineseAssociationonTobaccoControl,about350millionChinesesmoke.Among79,50millionareteenagers.SunJiangpingofBeijingUniversitysaid,“Teenagerscangetcigarettes80,especiallywhentheirparentssmokeorshops81cigarettestothem.It’sveryimportantA15-year-oldboynamedLiKunfromBeijingsaidhis83didn’tsmoke.Becausetheythoughtsmokingcouldmakepeoplefeelbadlyill,theyonlyallowedhimtoplaywithfriendswithoutsmoking.LivinginsuchagoodfamilyhelpedLisay84tocigarettes.SomeofhissmokingclassmatesoncetoldLithatsmokingmadeboyslook85,butLidisagreed.Hesaid,“Smokingisunhealthyandit’snotcoolatall.Pleasestopsmokingnow!”76.___________77.___________78.___________79.___________ 80.___________81.___________82.___________83.___________ 84.___________85.___________BAboutthreeyearsold,Ifeltverylonely.Ididn’tlikemyclassmates,myparentsoranyoneelse.Myclassmatesdidn’twanttotalk___77____meandmyparentswerealwayssayingthatotherkidswerebetterthanme.IthoughtIwasthe___78____unluckypersonintheworld.OnedayIhadabigfightwithoneofmyclassmates.Iwassoangry__79__Ihithimintheface.Justatthatmoment,aboystoodupand___80___thefight.Hewasthemonitorofourclass.Afterthat,heoftenhelpedmeandwebecamegood___81___.WheneverIgotangryorsad,hewouldhelp___82___tocooldown.Mylifebegantochangebecauseoftheboy,mybestfriend.Wespentalotofinterestingdaystogether.As___83___goesby,Ihavebecomehappierwithpeopleandthings.Andit___84____thatpeoplearoundmehavechanged,too.Myparentsdon’tshoutatme___85____moreandmyclassmatesbecomefriendlytome.ButnowIcan’tseemybestfriendbecauseheisseriously___86___andisstayinginhospital.HowImissthedayswhenweweretogether!Ihopehewillbeallrightandcomebacktoschoolsoon.77.___________78.___________79.___________80.___________ 81.___________82.___________83.___________84.___________ 85.___________86.___________CWhatcanyoudotokeephealthy?Perhapsforchildren,healthyeatingisoneofthemostimportantthings.Herearesomeideasabout77toeathealthily.HavingbreakfastAgoodbreakfastisveryimportanttochildren.It’snecessarytohaveitinthe78.Butsomechildrenoftengotoschool79breakfast，justbecausetheywanttosleepalittlelonger.Rememberthatagoodbreakfastwillhelpyoustudybetter.Havingmilk“MydreamisthatalltheChinesechildrencangethalfakilogram(公斤)ofmilkaday.”TheChinesePremier(總理)WenJiabaosaidthisduringhis80toamilkfarm.Milkisalsoveryimportanttochildren’shealth.Itmakeschildrengrowstronger.It’sbetterforyouto81aglassofwarmmilk82goingtobed.Thatwillhelpyouhaveagoodsleep.HavinghealthyfoodHavinghealthyfoodisthemostimportant.Thatmeanseatinglotsofdifferent83offood,especiallyfruitsandvegetables.Don’teattoomuchchocolate84ice-cream.Someofyou85eatingfastfood,butinfactitisnotgoodforyourhealth.Trytoeathealthyfoodasmuchas86Havehealthyeatinghabits,andyouwillhaveastrongbody.3._______84._________85.86.DAndywasborninChina15yearsago．In2005,she77totheUSAwithherfamily．Asahighschoolstudent，shehasfoundmanydifferences78ChineseandAmericans：Aboutmoney1)Americansliketospend79thantheyhave，somanyofthemarealwaysindebt(欠債)．ButChineseusuallyspendlessthantheyhave,somany0fthemalwayshave80leftinthebank．2)TheAmericankidsthemselvesmaketheirownmoney．MostChinesekidsalways81theirparentsformoney．3)ManyAmericanparentsthinkthereis82needtosendtheirchildrent0anexpensiveuniversity．It’sdifferentinChina．ManyChineseparentswoulddoanythingtosendtheirchildrentoexpensi