Miniab軟件操作方法英文

INTRODUCTIONTOMINITABVERSION131WorksheetConventionsandMenuStructuresMinitabInteroperabilityGraphicCapabilitiesPareto HistogramBoxPlotScatterPlotStatisticalCapabilitiesCapabilityAnalysisHypothesisTestContingencyTablesANOVADesignofExperiments(DOE)

MinitabTrainingAgenda

WorksheetFormatandStructureSessionWindowWorksheetDataWindowMenuBarToolBarTextColumnC1-T(Designatedby-T)NumericColumnC3(NoAdditionalDesignation)

DataWindowColumnConventionsDateColumnC2-D(Designatedby-D)ColumnNames(Type,Date,Count&AmountEnteredDataforDataRows1through4DataEntryArrowDataRows

OtherDataWindowConventions

MenuBar-MenuConventionsHotKeyAvailable(Ctrl-S)SubmenuAvailable(…attheendofselection)

MenuBar-FileMenuKeyFunctionsWorksheetFileManagementSavePrintDataImport

MenuBar-EditMenuKeyFunctionsWorksheetFileEditsSelectDeleteCopyPasteDynamicLinks

MenuBar-ManipMenuKeyFunctionsDataManipulationSubset/SplitSortRankRowDataManipulationColumnDataManipulation

MenuBar-CalcMenuKeyFunctionsCalculationCapabilitiesColumnCalculationsColumn/RowStatisticsDataStandardizationDataExtractionDataGenerationMenuBar-StatMenuKeyFunctionsAdvancedStatisticalToolsandGraphsHypothesisTestsRegressionDesignofExperimentsControlChartsReliabilityTestingMenuBar-GraphMenuKeyFunctionsDataPlottingCapabilitiesScatterPlotTrendPlotBoxPlotContour/3DplottingDotPlotsProbabilityPlotsStem&LeafPlotsMenuBar-DataWindowEditorMenuKeyFunctionsAdvancedEditandDisplayOptionsDataBrushingColumnSettingsColumnInsertion/MovesCellInsertionWorksheetSettingsNote:TheEditorSelectionisContextSensitive.Menuselectionswillvaryfor:DataWindowGraphSessionWindowDependingonwhichisselected.MenuBar-SessionWindowEditorMenuKeyFunctionsAdvancedEditandDisplayOptionsFontConnectivitySettingsMenuBar-GraphWindowEditorMenuKeyFunctionsAdvancedEditandDisplayOptionsBrushingGraphManipulationColorsOrientationFontMenuBar-WindowMenuKeyFunctionsAdvancedWindowDisplayOptionsWindowManagement/DisplayToolbarManipulation/DisplayMenuBar-HelpMenuKeyFunctionsHelpandTutorialsSubjectSearchesStatguideMultipleTutorialsMinitabontheWebMINITABINTEROPERABILITY18MinitabInteroperabilityExcelMinitabPowerPointStartingwithExcel...Loadfile““Sample1”inExcel….StartingwithExcel...ThedataisnowloadedintoExcel….StartingwithExcel...HighlightandCopytheData…….MovetoMinitab...OpenMinitabandselectthecolumnyouwanttopastethedatainto…….MovetoMinitab...SelectPastefromthemenuandthedatawillbeinsertedintotheMinitabWorksheet….UseMinitabtodotheAnalysis...LetssaythatwewouldliketotestcorrelationbetweenthePredictedWorkloadandtheactualworkload…….SelectStat…Regression….FittedLinePlot……..UseMinitabtodotheAnalysis...Minitabisnowaskingforustoidentifythecolumnswiththeappropriatedate…….Clickintheboxfor““Response(Y):Notethatouroptionsnowappearinthisbox.Select““ActualWorkload”andhittheselectbutton…..Thiswillenterthe“ActualWorkload””dataintheResponse(Y)datafield...UseMinitabtodotheAnalysis...NowclickinthePredictor(X):box….Thenclickon“PredictedWorkload””andhittheselectbutton……Thiswillfillinthe““Predictor(X):”datafield...Bothdatafieldsshouldnowbefilled….SelectOK...UseMinitabtodotheAnalysis...Minitabnowdoestheanalysisandpresentstheresults...NotethatinthiscasethereisagraphandananalysissummaryintheSessionWindow…Let’ssaywewanttousebothinourPowerPointpresentation…….TransferringtheAnalysis...Let’stakecareofthegraphfirst….GotoEdit….CopyGraph...TransferringtheAnalysis...OpenPowerPointandselectablankslide…….GotoEdit….PasteSpecial...TransferringtheAnalysis...Select“Picture(EnhancedMetafile)…Thiswillgiveyouthebestgraphicswiththeleastamountoftrouble.TransferringtheAnalysis...OurMinitabgraphisnowpastedintothepowerpointpresentation…….Wecannowsizeandpositionitaccordingly….TransferringtheAnalysis...NowwecancopytheanalysisfromtheSessionwindow……..Highlightthetextyouwanttocopy…….SelectEdit…..Copy……..TransferringtheAnalysis...Nowgobacktoyourpowerpointpresentation…..SelectEdit…..Paste…..TransferringtheAnalysis...Wellwegotourdata,butitisabitlarge…..Reducethefontto12andweshouldbeok…..Presentingtheresults....Nowallweneedtodoistunethepresentation…..Herewepositionthegraphandsummaryandputintheappropriatetakeaway...Thenwearereadytopresent…….GraphicCapabilities37ParetoChart....Let’sgenerateaParetoChartfromasetofdata…….GotoFile…OpenProject….LoadthefilePareto.mpj….Nowlet’sgeneratetheParetoChart...ParetoChart....Goto:Stat……QualityTools…ParetoChart…….ParetoChart....Filloutthescreenasfollows:OurdataisalreadysummarizedsowewillusetheChartDefectstable...Labelsin“Category”……Frequenciesin“Quantity””….AddtitleandhitOK..ParetoChart....MinitabnowcompletesourparetoforusreadytobecopiedandpastedintoyourPowerPointpresentation….Histogram....Let’sgenerateaHistogramfromasetofdata….GotoFile…OpenProject….Loadthefile2_Correlation.mpj…….Nowlet’sgeneratetheHistogramoftheGPAresults...Histogram....Goto:Graph…Histogram…Histogram....Filloutthescreenasfollows:SelectGPAforourXvalueGraphVariableHitOK…..Histogram....MinitabnowcompletesourhistogramforusreadytobecopiedandpastedintoyourPowerPointpresentation….Thisdatadoesnotlooklikeitisverynormal….Let’suseMinitabtotestthisdistributionfornormality…...Histogram....Goto:Stat……BasicStatistics……DisplayDescriptiveStatistics….Histogram....Filloutthescreenasfollows:SelectGPAforourVariable….SelectGraphs…..Histogram....SelectGraphicalSummary…….SelectOK…..SelectOKagainonthenextscreen...Histogram....NotethatnowwenotonlyhaveourHistogrambutanumberofotherdescriptivestatisticsaswell…….Thisisagreatsummaryslide...Asforthenormalityquestion,notethatourPvalueof.038rejectsthenullhypothesis(P<.05).So,weconcludewith95%confidencethatthedataisnotnormal……..Histogram....Let’’slookatanother““Histogram””toolwecanusetoevaluateandpresentdata…….GotoFile……OpenProject…….Loadthefileoverfill.mpj…….Histogram....Goto:Graph……MarginalPlot……Histogram....Filloutthescreenasfollows:Selectfiller1fortheYVariable…….SelectheadfortheXVariableSelectOK……..Histogram....NotethatnowwenotonlyhaveourHistogrambutadotplotofeachheaddataaswell...Notethatheadnumber6seemstobethesourceofthehighreadings……..ThistypeofHistogramiscalleda““MarginalPlot””..Boxplot....Let’’slookatthesamedatausingaBoxplot…….Boxplot....Goto:Stat……BasicStatistics……DisplayDescriptiveStatistics...Boxplot....Filloutthescreenasfollows:Select“filler1”forourVariable….SelectGraphs…..Boxplot....SelectBoxplotofdata….SelectOK…..SelectOKagainonthenextscreen...Boxplot....WenowhaveourBoxplotofthedata...Boxplot....ThereisanotherwaywecanuseBoxplotstoviewthedata...Goto:Graph……Boxplot...Boxplot....Filloutthescreenasfollows:Select“filler1”forourYVariable….Select“head”forourXVariable….SelectOK…..Boxplot....Notethatnowwenowhaveaboxplotbrokenoutbyeachofthevariousheads..Notethatheadnumber6againseemstobethesourceofthehighreadings…..Scatterplot....Let’slookatdatausingaScatterplot….GotoFile……OpenProject…….Loadthefile2_Correlation.mpj…….Nowlet’sgeneratetheScatterplotoftheGPAresultsagainstourMathandVerbalscores...Scatterplot....Goto:Graph……Plot...ScatterPlot....Filloutthescreenasfollows:SelectGPAforourYVariable….SelectMathandVerbalforourXVariables…..SelectOKwhendone...Scatterplot....WenowhavetwoScatterplotsofthedatastackedontopofeachother……Wecandisplaythisbetterbytilingthegraphs….Scatterplot....Todothis:GotoWindow…Tile...Scatterplot....NowwecanseebothScatterplotsofthedata……Scatterplot....Thereisanotherwaywecangeneratethesescatterplots….Goto:Graph……MatrixPlot...ScatterPlot....Filloutthescreenasfollows:Clickinthe“Graphvariables”blockHighlightallthreeavailabledatasets…Clickonthe“Select””button...SelectOKwhendone...Scatterplot....WenowhaveaseriesofScatterplots,eachonecorrespondingtoacombinationofthedatasetsavailable…NotethatthereappearstobeastrongcorrelationbetweenVerbalandbothMathandGPAdata….MinitabStatisticalTools71PROCESSCAPABILITYANALYSIS72Let’sdoaprocesscapabilitystudy…….OpenMinitabandloadthefileCapability.mpj…….SETTINGUPTHETEST….GotoStat……QualityTools…….CapabilityAnalysis(Weibull)….Select“Torque”foroursingledatacolumn...Enteralowerspecof10andanupperspecof30.Thenselect“OK”….SETTINGUPTHETEST….Notethatthedatadoesnotfitthenormalcurveverywell...NotethattheLongTermcapability(Ppk)is0.43.ThisequatestoaZvalueof3*0.43=1.29standarddeviationsorsigmavalues.ThisequatestoanexpecteddefectratePPMof147,055.INTERPRETINGTHEDATA….HYPOTHESISTESTING77Loadthefilenormality.mpj…..SettingupthetestinMinitabCheckingtheDataforNormality….It’simportantthatwecheckfornormalityofdatasamples.Let’sseehowthisworks….GotoSTAT…….BasicStatistics...NormalityTest….SetuptheTestWewilltestthe“Before”columnofdata…….CheckAnderson-DarlingClickOKAnalyzingtheResultsSincethePvalueisgreaterthan.05wecanassumethe““Before”dataisnormalNowrepeatthetestforthe“After”Data(thisislefttothestudentasalearningexercise..)Checkingforequalvariance..Wenowwanttoseeifwehaveequalvariancesinoursamples.Toperformthistest,ourdatamustbe“stacked”.ToaccomplishthisgotoManip……Stack…StackColumns….Selectbothoftheavailablecolumns(BeforeandAfter)tostack....Typeinthelocationwhereyouwantthestackeddata….InthisexamplewewilluseC4….Typeinthelocationwhereyouwantthesubscriptsstored…InthisexamplewewilluseC3….SelectOK….Checkingforequalvariance..Nowthatwehaveourdatastacked,wearereadytotestforequalvariances.…GotoStat……ANOVA….TestforequalVariances...Checkingforequalvariance..Settingupthetest….Ourresponsewillbetheactualreceiptperformanceforthetwoweekswearecomparing.InthiscasewehadputthestackeddataincolumnC4….Ourfactorsisthelabelcolumnwecreatedwhenwestackedthedata(C3)..WesetourConfidenceLevelforthetest(95%).Thenselect““OK”.Here,weseethe95%confidenceintervalsforthetwopopulations.Sincetheyoverlap,weknowthatwewillfailtorejectthenullhypothesis.TheFtestresultsareshownhere.WecanseefromtheP-Valueof.263thatagainwewouldfailtorejectthenullhypothesis.NotethattheFtestassumesnormalityNotethatwegetagraphicalsummaryofbothsetsofdataaswellastherelevantstatistics…….Analyzingthedata…….Levene’’stestalsocomparesthevarianceofthetwosamplesandisrobusttononnormaldata.Again,theP-Valueof.229indicatesthatwewouldfailtorejectthenullhypothesis.Herewehaveboxplotrepresentationsofbothpopulations.Letstestthedatawitha2SampletTest--UnderStat……BasicStatistics…….Weseeseveralofthehypothesistestswhichwediscussedinclass.Inthisexamplewewillbeusinga2SampletTest…….GotoStat…….BasicStatistics..2Samplet…..Sincewealreadyhaveourdatastacked,wewillloadC4foroursamplesandC3foroursubscripts.Settingupthetest….Sincewehavealreadytestedforequalvariances,wecancheckoffthisbox…NowselectGraphs….Settingupthetest….Weseethatwehavetwooptionsforourgraphicaloutput.Forthissmallasample,Boxplotswillnotbeofmuchvaluesoweselect““Dotplotsofdata”andhit““OK””.HitOKagainonthenextscreen…….Inthesessionwindowwehaveeachpopulation’sstatisticscalculatedforus..NotethatherewehaveaPvalueof.922.Wethereforefindthatthedatadoesnotsupporttheconclusionthatthereisasignificantdifferencebetweenthemeansofthetwopopulations...Interpretingtheresults…….Thedotplotshowshowclosethedatapointsinthetwopopulationsfalltoeachother.Theclosevaluesofthetwopopulationmeans(indicatedbytheredbar)alsoshowslittlechancethatthishypothesiscouldberejectedbyalargersampleInterpretingtheresults…….PairedComparisonsInpairedcomparisonswearetryingto““pair””observationsortreatments.Anexamplewouldbetotestautomaticbloodpressurecuffsandanursemeasuringthebloodpressureonthesamepatientusingamanualinstrument.Itcanalsobeusedinmeasurementsystemstudiestodetermineifoperatorsaregettingthesamemeanvalueacrossthesamesetofsamples.Let’’slookatanexample:2_Hypothesis_Testing_Shoe_wear.mpj2_Hypothesis_Testing_Shoe_wear.mpjInthisexamplewearetryingtodetermineifshoematerial““A””wearrateisdifferentfromshoematerial““B””.Ourdatahasbeencollectedusingtenboys,whomwereaskedtowearoneshoemadefromeachmaterial.Ho:Material“A”wearrate=Material““B”wearrateHa:Material“A”wearrateMaterial“B”wearratePairedComparisonGotoStat….BasicStatistics…Pairedt…..PairedComparisonSelectthesamples……GotoGraphs…….PairedComparisonSelecttheBoxplotforourgraphicaloutput..ThenselectOK..PairedComparisonWeseehowthe95%confidenceintervalofthemeanrelatestothevaluewearetesting.Inthiscase,thevaluefallsoutsidethe95%confidenceintervalofthedatamean.Thisgivesusconfirmationthattheshoematerialsaresignificantlydifferent.CONTINGENCYTABLES

(CHISQUARE)98Enteringthedata….Enterthedatainatableformat.Forthisexample,loadthefileContingencyTable.mpj...Let’ssetupacontingencytable….ContingencytablesarefoundunderStat….Tables…ChiSquareTest….Selectthecolumnswhichcontainthetable.Thenselect“OK””Settingupthetest….Notethatyouwillhavethecriticalpopulationandteststatisticsdisplayedinthesessionwindow.Minitabbuildsthetableforyou.Notethatouroriginaldataispresentedanddirectlybelow,Minitabcalculatestheexpectedvalues.Here,MinitabcalculatestheChiSquarestatisticforeachdatapointandtotalstheresult.ThecalculatedChiSquarestatisticforthisproblemis30.846.PerformingtheAnalysis….ANalysisOfVArianceANOVALet’ssetuptheanalysisLoadthefileAnovaexample.mpj…StackthedatainC4andplacethesubscriptsinC5Setuptheanalysis….SelectStat…ANOVA……Oneway…SelectC4ResponsesC5FactorsThenselectGraphs….Setuptheanalysis….Chooseboxplotsofdata...ThenOKSetuptheanalysis….NotethatthePvalueislessthan.05thatmeansthatwerejectthenullhypothesisAnalyzingtheresults….Let’sLookAtMainEffects….ChooseStatANOVAMainEffectsPlot….MainEffectsSelectC4ResponseC5FactorsOKAnalyzingMainEffects..Formulation1HasLowestFuelConsumptionDESIGNOFEXPERIMENTS(DOE)FUNDAMENTALS112FirstCreateanExperimentalDesign...GotoStat…DOE…Factorial...CreateFactorialDesign...113FirstCreateanExperimentalDesign...Select2LevelFactorialdesignwith3factorsThengotoDisplayAvailableDesigns….114BowlingExample(continued)Wecannowseetheavailableexperimentaldesigns….WewillbeusingtheFull(Factorial)for3factorsandwecanseethatitwillrequire8runs…Now,selectOKandgobacktothemainscreen.OnceatthemainscreenselectDesigns...115BowlingExample(continued)Selectyourdesign….WewillbeusingtheFull(Factorial)andagainwecanseethatitwillrequire8runs……Now,selectOKandgobacktothemainscreen.OnceatthemainscreenselectFactors...116BowlingExample(continued)Fillinthenamesforyourfactors…….Thenfillintheactualconditionsforlow(-)orhigh(+)Now,selectOKandgobacktothemainscreen.OnceatthemainscreenselectOptions...117BowlingExample(continued)RemovetheoptiontoRandomizeRuns….Now,selectOKandgobacktothemainscreen.OnceatthemainscreenselectOK...118BowlingExample(continued)Minitabhasnowdesignedourexperimentforus….Now,typeyourDatafromeachofyourexperimentaltreatmentsintoC8.Wearenowreadytoanalyzetheresults…119BowlingExample(continued)GotoStat….DOE…Factorial...AnalyzeFactorialDesign...120BowlingExample(continued)HighlightyourDatacolumnanduseSelecttoplaceitintheResponsesbox.Then,selecttheTermsOption.121BowlingExample(continued)NotethatSelectedTermshasalloftheavailablechoicesalreadyselected.Weneeddonothingfurther.SelectOK.Then,atthemainscreenselectGraphs122BowlingExample(continued)SelectyourEffectsPlotsandresetyourAlphato.05.SelectOKtoreturntothemainscreenandthenselectOKagain.123BowlingExample(continued)Notethatonlyoneeffecthasasignificancegreaterthan95%.Alltheremainingfactorsandinteractionsarenotstatisticallysignificant.124BowlingExample(continued)AnotherwaywecanlookatthedataistolookattheFactorialPlotsoftheresultingdata.Go