NDT介紹包括（MTUTVTPT）國際著名培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)編寫的培訓(xùn)資料課件

IntroductiontoNondestructiveTestingForIPPSIntroductiontoNondestructiveAgendaIntroductiontoNDTOverviewofSevenMost

CommonNDTMethodsApplicationsAgendaIntroductiontoNDTTheuseofnondestructivetechniquestodeterminetheintegrityofamaterial,component,orstructure.

Toinspectormeasurewithoutdoingharm.DefinitionofNDTTheuseofnondestructiveToiMethodsofNDTVisualMagneticParticleX-rayLiquidPenetrantUltrasonicEddyCurrentChemicalCompositionMethodsofNDTWhatareSomeUses

ofNDTMethods?FlawDetectionandEvaluationLeakDetectionLocationDeterminationDimensionalMeasurementsEstimationofMechanicalandPhysicalPropertiesFluorescentpenetrantindicationWhatareSomeUses

ofNDTMetWhenareNDTMethodsUsed?ToassistinproductdevelopmentToscreenorsortincomingmaterials***Tomonitor,improveorcontrolmanufacturingprocesses***ToverifyproperprocessingsuchasheattreatingToverifyproperassemblyToinspectforin-servicedamageThereareNDTapplicationatalmostanystageintheproductionorlifecycleofacomponent.WhenareNDTMethodsUsed?ToaSevenMostCommonNDTMethods

VisualLiquidPenetrantMagneticParticleX-rayEddyCurrentUltrasonicChemicalCompositionSevenMostCommonNDTMethodsMostbasicandcommoninspectionmethod.Toolsincludefiberscopes,borescopes,magnifyingglassesandmirrors.Roboticcrawlerspermitobservationinhazardousortightareas,suchasairducts,reactors,pipelines.Portablevideoinspectionunitwithzoomallowsinspectionoflargetanksandvessels,railroadtankcars,sewerlines.VisualInspectionMostbasicandcommoninspectiAliquiddyeisappliedtothesurfaceofthepartandallowedtimetoseepintosurfacebreakingdefects.Theexcessliquidisremovedfromthesurfaceofthepart.Adeveloper(powder)isappliedtopullthetrappedpenetrantoutthedefectandspreaditonthesurfacewhereitcanbeseen.Visualinspectionisthefinalstepintheprocess.ThepenetrantusedisoftenloadedwithafluorescentdyeandtheinspectionisdoneunderUVlighttoincreasetestsensitivity.LiquidPenetrantInspectionAliquiddyeisappliedtotheMagneticParticleInspectionThepartismagnetized.Finelymilledironparticlescoatedwithadyepigmentarethenappliedtothespecimen.Theseparticlesareattractedtomagneticfluxleakagefieldsandwillclustertoformanindicationdirectlyoverthediscontinuity.Thisindicationcanbevisuallydetectedunderproperlightingconditions.

MagneticParticleInspectionThMagneticParticleCrackIndications

MagneticParticleCrackIndicaRadiographyTheradiationusedinradiographytestingisahigherenergy(shorterwavelength)versionoftheelectromagneticwavesthatwe

seeasvisiblelight.TheradiationcancomefromanX-raygeneratororaradioactivesource.HighElectricalPotentialElectrons-+X-rayGeneratororRadioactiveSourceCreatesRadiationExposureRecordingDeviceRadiationPenetratetheSampleRadiographyTheradiationusedFilmRadiographyTopviewofdevelopedfilm

X-rayfilmThepartisplacedbetweentheradiationsourceandapieceoffilm.Thepartwillstopsomeoftheradiation.Thickerandmoredenseareawillstopmoreoftheradiation.=moreexposure=lessexposureThefilmdarkness(density)willvarywiththeamountofradiationreachingthefilmthroughthetestobject.FilmRadiographyTopviewofdeRadiographicImagesRadiographicImagesConductive

materialCoilCoil'smagneticfieldEddycurrentsEddycurrent'smagneticfieldEddyCurrentTestingConductiveCoilCoil'smagneticEddyCurrentTestingEddycurrenttestingisparticularlywellsuitedfordetectingsurfacecracksbutcanalsobeusedtomakeelectricalconductivityandcoatingthicknessmeasurements.

Hereasmallsurfaceprobeisscannedoverthepartsurfaceinanattempttodetectacrack.EddyCurrentTestingEddycurreHighfrequencysoundwavesareintroducedintoamaterialandtheyarereflectedbackfromsurfacesorflaws.Reflectedsoundenergyisdisplayedversustime,andinspectorcanvisualizeacrosssectionofthespecimenshowingthedepthoffeaturesthatreflectsound.fplatecrack0246810initialpulsecrackechobacksurfaceechoOscilloscope,orflawdetectorscreenUltrasonicInspection(Pulse-Echo)HighfrequencysoundwavesareChemicalComposition

or

PositiveMaterialIdentification(PMI)Opticalemissionsystems(OES),alsocalledarc/spark,usesanarcorasparktovaporizethesample,excitingtheatomsandionsintoemissionofradiation.Thisemittedradiationthenpassesthroughanopticalfiberandisdispersedintoitsspectralcomponents.Aphoto-multipliertube(PMT)measurestherangeofwavelengthsemittedx-rayfluorescence(XRF)usesX-raysemittedfromanX-raytubeoraradioisotopetoexcitetheatomsofthesamplematerial.Anelectronisejected,causingasecondtofallintoitsvoidandenergyisreleased.Adetectorwithintheinstrumentusestheenergyleveltodeterminetheelement.ChemicalComposition

or

PositCommonApplicationofNDTInspectionofRawMaterialInspectionFollowingSecondaryProcessingIn-ServicesDamageInspectionCommonApplicationofNDTInspeInspectionofRawProductsForgingsCastingsExtrusionsPlateInspectionofRawProductsForgMachiningWeldingGrindingHeattreatingPlatingInspectionFollowing

SecondaryProcessingMachiningInspectionFollowingCrackingCorrosionErosion/WearHeatDamageInspectionFor

In-ServiceDamageCrackingInspectionFor

In-SerPowerPlantInspectionProbeSignalsproducedbyvariousamountsofcorrosionthinning.Periodically,powerplantsareshutdownforinspection.Inspectorsfeededdycurrentprobesintoheatexchangertubestocheckforcorrosiondamage.PipewithdamagePowerPlantInspectionProbeSigWireRopeInspectionElectromagneticdevicesandvisualinspectionsareusedtofindbrokenwiresandotherdamagetothewireropethatisusedinchairlifts,cranesandotherliftingdevices.WireRopeInspectionElectromagStorageTankInspectionRoboticcrawlersuseultrasoundtoinspectthewallsoflargeabovegroundtanksforsignsofthinningduetocorrosion.Camerasonlongarticulatingarmsareusedtoinspectundergroundstoragetanksfordamage.StorageTankInspectionRoboticAircraftInspectionNondestructivetestingisusedextensivelyduringthemanufacturingofaircraft.NDTisalsousedtofindcracksandcorrosiondamageduringoperationoftheaircraft.Afatiguecrackthatstartedatthesiteofalightningstrikeisshownbelow.AircraftInspectionNondestructJetEngineInspectionAircraftenginesareoverhauledafterbeinginserviceforaperiodoftime.Theyarecompletelydisassembled,cleaned,inspectedandthenreassembled.Fluorescentpenetrantinspectionisusedtocheckmanyofthepartsforcracking.JetEngineInspectionAircraftSiouxCity,Iowa,July19,1989AdefectthatwentundetectedinanenginediskwasresponsibleforthecrashofUnitedFlight232.CrashofUnitedFlight232SiouxCity,Iowa,July19,198The17yearolddiskhadundergoneroutinemaintenanceandsixtimeshadbeensubjectedtoflourescentpenetrationinspections.Investigatorsconcludedthathumanerrorwasresponsibleinimproperlyidentifyingthefatiguedareabeforetheaccident.UnitedFlight232The17yearolddiskhadunderPressureVesselInspectionThefailureofapressurevesselcanresultintherapidreleaseofalargeamountofenergy.Toprotectagainstthisdangerousevent,thetanksareinspectedusingradiographyandultrasonictesting.PressureVesselInspectionTheRailInspectionSpecialcarsareusedtoinspectthousandsofmilesofrailtofindcracksthatcouldleadtoaderailment.RailInspectionSpecialcarsarBridgeInspectionTheUShas578,000highwaybridges.Corrosion,crackingandotherdamagecanallaffectabridge’sperformance.ThecollapseoftheSilverBridgein1967resultedinlossof47lives.Bridgesgetavisualinspectionaboutevery2years.Somebridgesarefittedwithacousticemissionsensorsthat“l(fā)isten”forsoundsofcracksgrowing.BridgeInspectionTheUShas57NDTisusedtoinspectpipelinestopreventleaksthatcoulddamagetheenvironment.Visualinspection,radiographyandelectromagnetictestingaresomeoftheNDTmethodsused.

Remotevisualinspectionusingaroboticcrawler.

Radiographyofweldjoints.

Magneticfluxleakageinspection.Thisdevice,knownasapig,isplacedinthepipelineandcollectsdataontheconditionofthepipeasitispushedalongbywhateverisbeingtransported.PipelineInspectionNDTisusedtoinspectpipelinForMoreInformationonNDTTheAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting

ForMoreInformationonNDTTheForMoreInformationonNDTForMoreInformationonNDT演講完畢，謝謝觀看！演講完畢，謝謝觀看！IntroductiontoNondestructiveTestingForIPPSIntroductiontoNondestructiveAgendaIntroductiontoNDTOverviewofSevenMost

CommonNDTMethodsApplicationsAgendaIntroductiontoNDTTheuseofnondestructivetechniquestodeterminetheintegrityofamaterial,component,orstructure.

Toinspectormeasurewithoutdoingharm.DefinitionofNDTTheuseofnondestructiveToiMethodsofNDTVisualMagneticParticleX-rayLiquidPenetrantUltrasonicEddyCurrentChemicalCompositionMethodsofNDTWhatareSomeUses

ofNDTMethods?FlawDetectionandEvaluationLeakDetectionLocationDeterminationDimensionalMeasurementsEstimationofMechanicalandPhysicalPropertiesFluorescentpenetrantindicationWhatareSomeUses

ofNDTMetWhenareNDTMethodsUsed?ToassistinproductdevelopmentToscreenorsortincomingmaterials***Tomonitor,improveorcontrolmanufacturingprocesses***ToverifyproperprocessingsuchasheattreatingToverifyproperassemblyToinspectforin-servicedamageThereareNDTapplicationatalmostanystageintheproductionorlifecycleofacomponent.WhenareNDTMethodsUsed?ToaSevenMostCommonNDTMethods

VisualLiquidPenetrantMagneticParticleX-rayEddyCurrentUltrasonicChemicalCompositionSevenMostCommonNDTMethodsMostbasicandcommoninspectionmethod.Toolsincludefiberscopes,borescopes,magnifyingglassesandmirrors.Roboticcrawlerspermitobservationinhazardousortightareas,suchasairducts,reactors,pipelines.Portablevideoinspectionunitwithzoomallowsinspectionoflargetanksandvessels,railroadtankcars,sewerlines.VisualInspectionMostbasicandcommoninspectiAliquiddyeisappliedtothesurfaceofthepartandallowedtimetoseepintosurfacebreakingdefects.Theexcessliquidisremovedfromthesurfaceofthepart.Adeveloper(powder)isappliedtopullthetrappedpenetrantoutthedefectandspreaditonthesurfacewhereitcanbeseen.Visualinspectionisthefinalstepintheprocess.ThepenetrantusedisoftenloadedwithafluorescentdyeandtheinspectionisdoneunderUVlighttoincreasetestsensitivity.LiquidPenetrantInspectionAliquiddyeisappliedtotheMagneticParticleInspectionThepartismagnetized.Finelymilledironparticlescoatedwithadyepigmentarethenappliedtothespecimen.Theseparticlesareattractedtomagneticfluxleakagefieldsandwillclustertoformanindicationdirectlyoverthediscontinuity.Thisindicationcanbevisuallydetectedunderproperlightingconditions.

MagneticParticleInspectionThMagneticParticleCrackIndications

MagneticParticleCrackIndicaRadiographyTheradiationusedinradiographytestingisahigherenergy(shorterwavelength)versionoftheelectromagneticwavesthatwe

seeasvisiblelight.TheradiationcancomefromanX-raygeneratororaradioactivesource.HighElectricalPotentialElectrons-+X-rayGeneratororRadioactiveSourceCreatesRadiationExposureRecordingDeviceRadiationPenetratetheSampleRadiographyTheradiationusedFilmRadiographyTopviewofdevelopedfilm

X-rayfilmThepartisplacedbetweentheradiationsourceandapieceoffilm.Thepartwillstopsomeoftheradiation.Thickerandmoredenseareawillstopmoreoftheradiation.=moreexposure=lessexposureThefilmdarkness(density)willvarywiththeamountofradiationreachingthefilmthroughthetestobject.FilmRadiographyTopviewofdeRadiographicImagesRadiographicImagesConductive

materialCoilCoil'smagneticfieldEddycurrentsEddycurrent'smagneticfieldEddyCurrentTestingConductiveCoilCoil'smagneticEddyCurrentTestingEddycurrenttestingisparticularlywellsuitedfordetectingsurfacecracksbutcanalsobeusedtomakeelectricalconductivityandcoatingthicknessmeasurements.

Hereasmallsurfaceprobeisscannedoverthepartsurfaceinanattempttodetectacrack.EddyCurrentTestingEddycurreHighfrequencysoundwavesareintroducedintoamaterialandtheyarereflectedbackfromsurfacesorflaws.Reflectedsoundenergyisdisplayedversustime,andinspectorcanvisualizeacrosssectionofthespecimenshowingthedepthoffeaturesthatreflectsound.fplatecrack0246810initialpulsecrackechobacksurfaceechoOscilloscope,orflawdetectorscreenUltrasonicInspection(Pulse-Echo)HighfrequencysoundwavesareChemicalComposition

or

PositiveMaterialIdentification(PMI)Opticalemissionsystems(OES),alsocalledarc/spark,usesanarcorasparktovaporizethesample,excitingtheatomsandionsintoemissionofradiation.Thisemittedradiationthenpassesthroughanopticalfiberandisdispersedintoitsspectralcomponents.Aphoto-multipliertube(PMT)measurestherangeofwavelengthsemittedx-rayfluorescence(XRF)usesX-raysemittedfromanX-raytubeoraradioisotopetoexcitetheatomsofthesamplematerial.Anelectronisejected,causingasecondtofallintoitsvoidandenergyisreleased.Adetectorwithintheinstrumentusestheenergyleveltodeterminetheelement.ChemicalComposition

or

PositCommonApplicationofNDTInspectionofRawMaterialInspectionFollowingSecondaryProcessingIn-ServicesDamageInspectionCommonApplicationofNDTInspeInspectionofRawProductsForgingsCastingsExtrusionsPlateInspectionofRawProductsForgMachiningWeldingGrindingHeattreatingPlatingInspectionFollowing

SecondaryProcessingMachiningInspectionFollowingCrackingCorrosionErosion/WearHeatDamageInspectionFor

In-ServiceDamageCrackingInspectionFor

In-SerPowerPlantInspectionProbeSignalsproducedbyvariousamountsofcorrosionthinning.Periodically,powerplantsareshutdownforinspection.Inspectorsfeededdycurrentprobesintoheatexchangertubestocheckforcorrosiondamage.PipewithdamagePowerPlantInspectionProbeSigWireRopeInspectionElectromagneticdevicesandvisualinspectionsareusedtofindbrokenwiresandotherdamagetothewireropethatisusedinchairlifts,cranesandotherliftingdevices.WireRopeInspectionElectromagStorageTankInspectionRoboticcrawlersuseultrasoundtoinspectthewallsoflargeabovegroundtanksforsignsofthinningduetocorrosion.Camerasonlongarticulatingarmsareusedtoinspectundergroundstoragetanksfordamage.StorageTankInspectionRoboticAircraftInspectionNondestructivetestingisusedextensivelyduringthemanufacturingofaircraft.NDTisalsousedtofindcracksandcorrosiondamageduringoperationoftheaircraft.Afatiguecrackthatstartedatthesiteofalightningstrikeisshownbelow.AircraftInspectionNondestructJetEngineInspectionAircraftenginesareoverhauledafterbeinginserviceforaperiodoftime.Theyarecompletelydisassembled,cleaned,inspectedandthenreassembled.Fluorescentpenetrantinspectionisusedtocheckmanyofthepartsforcracking.JetEngineInspectionAircraftSiouxCity,Iowa,July19,1989AdefectthatwentundetectedinanenginediskwasresponsibleforthecrashofUnitedFlight232.CrashofUnitedFlight232SiouxCity,Iowa,