英語(yǔ)close和閱讀理解

第一單元closeAhomesteader（自耕農(nóng)）isapersonwholivesaself-reliantlifestylewithmajoremphasiselectronics,somepeopletrytoseekanescapefromthesocial,environmental,andeconomicmadnessofthemodernageandbeingtoreturningtothecountry.Asthislifestyleissoenjoyable,satisfyingandrewarding,moreandmorepeoplearepreparedtotheirjobinthecityandstartanewandmoremeaningfullifeontheirvariousfarms.Forsomeithasbecomenotonlyawayoflife,butalsoawayoflookingatthe.一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)主是一個(gè)生活在國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)自力更生的生活方式的人。在工業(yè)時(shí)代被電子信息所取代，一些人試圖從社會(huì)、環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)；一種逃避，瘋狂的現(xiàn)代考慮重返鄉(xiāng)村。這生活是如此的令人愉快，令人滿意和有益的，越來(lái)越多的人正準(zhǔn)備離開(kāi)他們?cè)诔鞘泄ぷ?，并開(kāi)始一個(gè)新的、更有意義的不同農(nóng)場(chǎng)的生活。對(duì)有些人來(lái)說(shuō)不僅已成為一種生活方式，也是一種看待世界的方式。Ofcourse,lifeinthecountrycanbepretty.WhileitisanenjoymenttobesoclosetoNature,youmayhavetoreduceyourdependenceonbycuttingbackonyourdailyconsumption.Youmayalsohavetocookyourownmealseverydayandyourownlow-costentertainmentwithoutthethatarecommonincities.On,however,livinginthecountryhaslongbeenapartoftheAmericanDream.GenerationsofAmericanshaveconsideredthecountryansettinginwhichtoliveandraiseafamily.當(dāng)然，在鄉(xiāng)下生活可能會(huì)很艱難。雖然它是如此貼近自然的享受，你可能不得不削減日常消費(fèi)減少依賴燃料。你還可以自己做飯，自己每天提供廉價(jià)的娛樂(lè)，沒(méi)有城市中常見(jiàn)的奢侈品?？偠灾?，無(wú)論如何，生活在這個(gè)國(guó)家長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直是美國(guó)夢(mèng)的一部分。一代又一代的美國(guó)人認(rèn)為鄉(xiāng)下的一個(gè)理想的環(huán)境中生活和養(yǎng)家。第二單元closeDespitethename,theUndergroundRailroadwasnotreallyarailroad,butwasnetworkofpeoplewhoassistedfugitiveslaves.ManyfugitiveswhoescapedtotheNorthandCanadareceivedalongthewayfromindividualswhowereinthisnetwork.Bytheearly19thcentury,theorganizationbecamesosuccessfulthatitisthatbetween1810and1850,100,000slavesescapedfromtheSouththroughtheUndergroundRailroad.盡管這個(gè)名字,不是一個(gè)鐵路地下鐵路,但網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)助逃亡的奴隸的人。許多人逃到北境和加拿大接受援助的路上從個(gè)人參與這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。到第十九世紀(jì)初，該組織變得如此成功，據(jù)估計(jì)，在1810和1850之間，有100000奴隸逃離南方通過(guò)地下鐵路。Itwasnota(n)thatitwascalledtheUndergroundRailroad.Steamrailroadshadjustandthetermsusedtodescribethepeoplewhohelpedandthefugitiveswererelatedtotherailroadline.Fugitiveslaveswerecalled“parcels”and“passengers”,thehelperswerethe“conductors”,thepeoplewhoprovidedtheirhomesasrefugewerecalled“stationmasters”,andthehomesweretoas“depots”or“stations”.它是不是一個(gè)巧合的，它被稱為地下鐵路。蒸汽鐵路剛剛出現(xiàn)，蒸汽鐵路剛剛出現(xiàn),術(shù)語(yǔ)用來(lái)描述那些幫助和逃亡者相關(guān)的鐵路線路。逃亡的奴隸被稱為“包裹”和“乘客”，助手是“指揮者”,提供自己的家作為避難所，被稱為“站長(zhǎng)”，房屋被稱為“倉(cāng)庫(kù)”或“車站”。Therouteusedwasanimportantpartofasuccessfulescape.Thereweresecretroutesthataconductorcoulduse.Theoneuseddependedonwherethesearchpartiesandslavecatcherswere.Sometripsrequiredtheuseofmanydifferentroutes.Ifitappearedthattheymightbeindanger,aguidewouldchangepaths.Someguidesandfugitivesevenhidoutinbushesandswampsformanydaysuntilitwassafetocontinueon.Quicknesswasnotthemain,insteadsafetywasmostimportantandasaresulttheyoftenzigzaggedinordertoavoid.使用的路線是成功逃脫的一個(gè)重要組成部分。有很多秘密路線,管理者可以使用。取決于使用的搜索隊(duì)和奴隸捕手駐扎的地方。一些旅行需要使用許多不同的路線。如果它出現(xiàn)，他們可能處于危險(xiǎn)之中，會(huì)改變路徑指南。甚至一些指南和逃犯藏在灌木叢和沼澤很多天直到安全的到來(lái)。速度不是主要所擔(dān)憂的，而安全是最重要的，因此他們往往曲折地為了避免捕獲。第三單元closeStatisticsshowthatatsomepointinyourlife,youwillgetrobbed.Thingsgetevenworseforapartmentdwellers(居住者)becamesomanypeoplepassinandoutofanapartmentbuilding,anditismuchtokeepnon-residentsout.統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字表明，在你生命的某個(gè)時(shí)刻，你會(huì)被搶劫。事情變得更糟的是公寓居住者成為很多人進(jìn)出公寓樓，它是多在一起保持非居民.Sowhattodo?Don’tpanic.Yes,apartmentaretorobbery,butthereareoptionsotherthanbarricadingyourselfinyourapartmentwithashotgun.Wesuggestthatyouusesomecommonsensetothattargetfromyourdoor.Thenburglarwillrobthelessguarded,notyou.那么該怎么辦呢？不要慌?。∈堑?，公寓容易遭到搶劫，但有比阻止自己在你的公寓和獵槍的選項(xiàng)。我們建議你用一些常識(shí)把目標(biāo)從你的門上轉(zhuǎn)移。然后竊賊會(huì)搶劫守衛(wèi)，而不是你.Weknowwhatyou’rethinking:“I’llnevergetrobbed.Who’dwanttostealahalfcanofDietCokeandantoothbrush?”Ifthosereallyaretheonlythingsinyourapartment,youhaveeveryreasonnottoworry.However,ifyouhavesomethingyou’dliketokeep-say,aTV,astereo,acomputer,aPicasso-it’swisetobe.我們知道你在想什么:“我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被搶。誰(shuí)想偷半罐健怡可樂(lè)和一個(gè)電動(dòng)牙刷?“如果這些真的是唯一的東西在你的公寓,你完全有理由不擔(dān)心。然而,如果你有什么你想就直說(shuō),電視,音響,電腦,畢加索畫的小心謹(jǐn)慎是最明智的。Yourgoalisnottosetupanysecuritysystemstoholdatbay;yourgoalistokeepcriminalsformeventryingtointoyourapartmentinthefirstplace.Ifsomeonereallywantstobreakin,arethathe/sheisgoingtofindawaybybreakingawindoworclimbingupthefirstescape.Therefore,youshouldremoveallthatsay,“Hey,lookatme!Lotsofgoodiesandnosecurity!Comeonin!”Lockthedoorwhenyouleave.Don’tleavethewindowsopenalldaylong.Don’ttapenotesonthedoordirectedtoyourmatereading“Goneallday!Leftthedoorunlockedforyou!”Justuseyourbrains!你的目標(biāo)不是建立任何復(fù)雜的安全系統(tǒng)將小偷陷入困境;你的目標(biāo)是首先讓罪犯形式甚至試圖闖入你的公寓。如果有人真的想破門闖入,他/她很可能會(huì)找到一種方法打破窗戶或爬上第一個(gè)逃跑。因此,你應(yīng)該刪除所有跡象表明,說(shuō),“嘿,看我!很多好吃的東西和不安全!進(jìn)來(lái)吧!“當(dāng)你離開(kāi)的時(shí)候把門鎖上。不要讓窗戶開(kāi)著。不帶筆記門指向你的伴侶閱讀”走了一整天!把門打開(kāi)!“用你的大腦!第四單元CloseImagining

is

not

dreaming.

Maybe

to

a

but

it

is

more

than

that.

Imagining

is

beingcreative.

We

owe

all

the

and

developments

to

imagination,

without

which,

I

we

would

still

be

cavemen.

Knowledge

is

important

but

imagination

is

even

more

important.

想象不是做夢(mèng)。也許在一個(gè)程度上卻不止于此。想象是有創(chuàng)造力。我感激所有的發(fā)明和發(fā)展想象力,沒(méi)有它,我敢打賭,我們?nèi)詫⒀ň尤?。知識(shí)很重要,但想象力更重要。Imagination

deals

with

the

future

and

knowledge

deals

with

the

past.

Imagination

creates

and

knowledge

.

Imagination

breaks

the

norm

and

knowledge

maintains

the

status

quo.

A

leader

needs

imagination

to

create

a

.

A

manager

needs

knowledge

to

operate

the

organization.

An

organization

with

only

managers

will

be

obsolete

.

想象的未來(lái)和知識(shí)處理過(guò)去。想象力創(chuàng)造和知識(shí)管理。想象力打破規(guī)范和知識(shí)保持現(xiàn)狀。一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者需要想象力創(chuàng)造一個(gè)視覺(jué)。經(jīng)理需要了解組織運(yùn)作。一個(gè)組織只有經(jīng)理最終會(huì)被淘汰。

Not

only

is

it

important

in

business.

Imagination

is

required

to

solve

problems

that

mankind

have,

and

move

humans

to

a

higher

level

of

and

well

being.

How

are

we

going

to

solve

global

warming?

How

are

we

going

to

eradicate

?

We

need

imagination

to

come

out

with

the

solutions.

它不僅是重要的業(yè)務(wù)。想象力是人類需要解決的問(wèn)題,并將人類更高層次的成就和幸福。我們將如何解決全球變暖?我們?nèi)绾蜗毨?我們需要想象出來(lái)的解決方案。Einstein

wouldn't

have

realized

the

theory

of

relativity

if

he

had

not

his

imagination.

In

any

field,

if

you

are

a

leader,

you

need

to

imagine,

for

the

.愛(ài)因斯坦也不會(huì)意識(shí)到相對(duì)論如果他沒(méi)有利用他的想象力。在任何領(lǐng)域,如果你是一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,你需要想象,為了突破。第五單元CloseWake

up

each

day

and

give

gratitude

for

what

you

have.

of

giving

any

thought

at

all

to

what

you

do

not

have

in

your

life,

just

spend

as

much

time

as

you

possibly

can

each

day

giving

thanks

for

all

of

the

people,

opportunities,

material

,

good

health

and

any

other

things

that

you

have

in

your

life

that

make

it

so

good.

It

is

said

that

we

take

so

much

for

granted

that

we

sometimes

forget

to

be

thankful

for

the

small

things

that

make

our

lives

so

much

.

If

you

have

ever

been

out

of

or

under

water

for

too

long,

the

next

breaths

you

take

are

that

much

sweeter.

每天醒來(lái),感激你所擁有的。而不是給你任何認(rèn)為沒(méi)有在你的生活中,只是花盡可能多的時(shí)間你能每天感恩所有的人,機(jī)遇,物質(zhì)財(cái)富、健康和任何其他東西,你已經(jīng)在你的生活中,使它很好。據(jù)說(shuō)我們太多的理所當(dāng)然,我們有時(shí)會(huì)忘記感謝小事情讓我們的生活更加豐富。如果你曾在水下呼吸或太久,下一個(gè)你呼吸,更甜蜜。Tell

others

how

much

you

love

and

them

every

chance

you

get.

You

may

never

see

someone

again

so

you

always

want

to

leave

them

by

telling

them

just

how

they

are

to

you.

When

you

are

telling

them

how

much

you

care

about

them

and

how

thankful

you

are

for

having

them

in

your

life,

give

them

examples

of

what

you

love

about

them

the

most.

告訴別人你有多愛(ài),珍惜每一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。你可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)再見(jiàn)到的人所以你總是想離開(kāi)他們,告訴他們他們是多么的特別。當(dāng)你告訴他們你有多關(guān)心你有多感激因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谀愕纳?給他們具體的例子你最喜歡他們。Take

the

time

to

appreciate

every

little

thing

in

your

life.

When

the

sun

is

,

the

grass

is

wet

beneath

your

feet

and

your

dog

is

barking,

give

thanksfortheseisbreak,givethanksforthesesmall.Everymomentwehaveisa.Useyourtimetoshowandtellothershowimportantandspecialtheyare.Givingsomeoneyourtimeandkindwordsisthegreatestgiftofall.花時(shí)間去欣賞你生活中的每一件小事。陽(yáng)光燦爛的時(shí)候,你腳下的草是濕的,你的狗叫聲,感謝這些打破,感謝這些小奇跡。每一刻我們都是一個(gè)禮物。使用你的時(shí)間顯示,告訴別人他們是多么重要和特殊。給予別人你的時(shí)間和言語(yǔ)是有史以來(lái)最偉大的禮物。第六單元CloseFiveyearsagoafemaleinmate(犯人)atRiker’sIslandtoldJanePaleythatshesmelledwonderful.AspresidentofFriendlyVisitors,a50-year-oldorganizationwhoseis“actsoflovingkindnessthatdon’tlargesumsofmoneyorhoursofwork.”PaleyfrequentlywenttotheNewYorkCity.Thatday,though,asprayofperfumewentoffinherhand.五年前在瑞克島上的女性犯人告訴JanePaley她聞起來(lái)很棒。作為總統(tǒng)的友好訪客，一個(gè)50歲的組織，其使命是“愛(ài)的善舉：不涉及大筆的錢或工作時(shí)間的仁慈的去愛(ài)”。佩利經(jīng)常去紐約城監(jiān)獄。雖然這一天，她的手噴了香水。Hergrouphadlongdonatedmoneysothatthe100womeninthejailcouldbuyfoodandtreats.Whygivethemfancytoiletries（化裝用品）too?她的小組長(zhǎng)期捐錢以便在監(jiān)獄的100名婦女能夠購(gòu)買食物和零食。那為什么不給他們喜歡的化妝品呢？Parleyandhercrewof35womenfiguredouttheperfectwaytogetthegoods.Theyaskedfriendstohotelsoaps,shampoosandlotionswhentheytravel.VolunteersbundlethemintogoodybagsandthemtoRiler’sseveraltimesayear,includingChristmasandMother’sDay.Paley和她的組員35名婦女，想到了拿化妝品的最佳方式。他們讓朋友收集酒店的肥皂，洗發(fā)水和潤(rùn)膚露在旅行的時(shí)候。一年好幾次志愿者們捆綁將它們成禮品袋并且送到Riler，包括圣誕節(jié)、母親節(jié)?！癟hesemini-donationsmakethewomenfeel,saysPaley.Youcanseethemturnthemselvesaroundalittlebit”.Paley說(shuō)："這些迷你捐贈(zèng)讓女人感到美麗,你可以看到他們一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)變"。So,Paleycontinues,Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoafforda,takethesoapandshampoos.Bringthemtohomelesssheltersbatteredwomensheltersoranyorganizationin.It’saactthatmaymeanagreatdeal.”所以，Paley繼續(xù)說(shuō)，“如果你幸運(yùn)的有足夠的錢度假，帶上肥皂和洗發(fā)水。把他們送到流浪者避難所、受虐婦女庇護(hù)所或者有困難的任何組織。這是一個(gè)小小的舉動(dòng)卻意味著很多?！钡谝粏卧猅ranslation（1）我們計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)出了毛病，但我覺(jué)得問(wèn)題比較小。Wehaveaproblemwiththecomputersystem,butIthinkitisfairlyminor父親去世時(shí)我還小，不能獨(dú)立生活。就在那時(shí)，家鄉(xiāng)的父老接過(guò)了養(yǎng)育我（myupbringing）的責(zé)任。MyfatherdiedwhenIwastooyoungtoliveonmyown.Thepeopleofmyhometowntookoverresponsibilityformyupbringingatthatpoint.這些玩具必得在達(dá)到嚴(yán)格的安全要求后才可出售給兒童。Thetoyshavetomeetstrictsafelyrequirementsbeforetheycanbesoldtochildren.作為新聞和輿論的載體（carrier），廣播和電視補(bǔ)充了而不是替代了報(bào)紙。Radioandtelevisionhavesupplementedratherthanreplacedthenewspaperascarriersofnewsandopinion.至于這本雜志，它刊載世界各地許多報(bào)紙雜志上文章的摘要。Whenitcomestothismagazine,itisadigestofarticlesfrommanynewspapersandmagazinesaroundtheworld第二單元Translation（1）雖然受到全球金融危機(jī)后果的巨大影響，但是我們?nèi)匀幌嘈盼覀兡軌蛎鎸?duì)挑戰(zhàn)，克服危機(jī)。Thoughgreatlyaffectedbytheconsequencesoftheglobalfinancialcrisis,Wearestillconfidentthatwecanfaceuptothechallengeandovercomethecrisis.（2）在持續(xù)不斷的沙塵暴的威脅下，我們被迫離開(kāi)我們喜愛(ài)的村莊，搬遷到新的地方。Underthreatofconstantsandstorms,wewerecompelledtoleaveourcherishedvillageandmovetothenewsettlement.（3）根據(jù)最近的網(wǎng)上調(diào)查，許多消費(fèi)者說(shuō)他們也許會(huì)有興趣考慮購(gòu)買電視廣告中播放的產(chǎn)品。Accordingtoarecentonlinesurvey,alotofconsumerssaytheymaybemotivatedtoconsiderbuyingproductsshowninTVcommercials.（4）看到卡車司機(jī)把受污染的廢棄物（contaminatedwaste）倒在河邊，老人馬上向警方報(bào)告。Havingspottingatruckdriverdumpingcontaminatedwastealongsidetheriver,theoldmanreportedtothepoliceatonce.（5）一些科學(xué)家堅(jiān)信人們總有一天會(huì)喜歡基因農(nóng)作物（geneticallymodifiedcrops）的，因?yàn)樗鼈兡軌蛱岣哔|(zhì)量，幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家戰(zhàn)勝饑荒和疾病。Somescientistsholdtothefirmconvictionthatpeoplewillcometolikegeneticallymodifiedcropssomedaysincetheycanincreaseyieldsandhelpcombathungeranddiseaseinthedevelopingworld.ForRoyJohnson,aseniormagazineeditor,thelatestindignity（侮辱）cameafterarecentdinneratafancyrestaurantinthewealthyNewYorkCitysuburbwhereheandhisfamilylive.FirsttheparkingvalethandedhimthekeystohisJaguarinsteadoffetchingthecar.ThenanelderlywhitecouplecameoutandhandedhimthekeystotheirblackMercedes-Benz.“IttookthemawhiletorealizethatIwasnotavalet,”saysJohnson.“Itdidn’tmatterthatIwasdressedfordinnerandhadpaidahandsomepriceforthemeal,justashehad.WhatmatteredwasthatIdidn’tfithisideaofsomeonewhocouldbeequaltohim.”羅伊·約翰遜,一位雜志編輯,最近的侮辱跟隨最近的一次晚餐之后在富人的一個(gè)高檔餐廳紐約郊區(qū)他和他的家人住的地方相續(xù)而來(lái)。第一代客停車把鑰匙遞給他的捷豹,而不是迷人的車。然后一位年長(zhǎng)的白人夫婦出來(lái),把鑰匙遞給他黑色的奔馳?！八麄兓艘欢螘r(shí)間才意識(shí)到我不是管家,約翰遜說(shuō)?！皼](méi)關(guān)系,我為晚餐而打扮,支付一個(gè)很高的價(jià)格為這頓飯,就像他一樣。真正重要的是,我不適合他的想法的人可以等于他。”

Suchincidents,whicharedepressinglyfamiliartoAfrican-Americansofallages,incomesandsocialclasses,helpexplainwhyblackandwhiteattitudesoftendiffersocompletely.Arecentsurveyfoundthat68percentofblacksbelieveracism（種族歧視）isstillamajorprobleminAmerica.Only38percentofwhitesagreed.這樣的事件,令人沮喪的是熟悉的非裔美國(guó)人的年齡,收入和社會(huì)階層,幫助解釋了為什么黑人和白人的態(tài)度經(jīng)常完全不同。最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),68%的黑人認(rèn)為種族主義(種族歧視)在美國(guó)仍然是一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題。只有38%的白人同意了。

ManyAmericansfindthegulfbetweenblacksandwhitesconfusing.Afterall,officialseparationisabadmemoryand40yearsoflaws,policiesandcourtdecisionshavehelpedAfrican-Americansmakesignificantprogresstowardequalopportunity.Indeed,ablackmanborninHarlemcouldbethenation’snextpresident.許多美國(guó)人發(fā)現(xiàn)黑人和白人之間的鴻溝讓人困惑。畢竟,官方的分離是一個(gè)糟糕的記憶和40年的法律、政策和法院判決幫助非洲裔美國(guó)人平等機(jī)會(huì)取得重大進(jìn)展。的確,一個(gè)黑人出生在哈萊姆可能是國(guó)家的下一任總統(tǒng)。

Butracismpersists,unmistakabletoeveryblackbutlargelyinvisibletomanywhites.Itisevidentintheeverydayencounters(不愉快的遭遇)African-Americanshavewithracialprejudice（偏見(jiàn)）anddiscriminationlikethevaletparkingincident,suchencountersoftenstrikewhitesasunimportantmisunderstandings.Buttheyremindblacksthattheyareoftendismissedaslessintelligent,lesshardworking,lesshonestandlesslikelytosucceed.Someinsultsareclearlyracist;othersmaybeevidenceofinsensitivityorbadmannersratherthanracialprejudice.Buttheaccumulationofinsultsfeedsanger.但種族歧視仍然存在,黑人都明白無(wú)誤的,但很大程度上是無(wú)形的許多白人。在日常遇到很明顯(不愉快的遭遇)非裔美國(guó)人與種族偏見(jiàn)(偏見(jiàn))和歧視的代客泊車事件,等遇到白人經(jīng)常罷工不重要的誤解。但是他們提醒黑人,他們往往被視為智力低下,不勤奮,不真誠(chéng),也不太可能成功。一些侮辱顯然是種族主義者,其他人可能不敏感或不禮貌而不是種族偏見(jiàn)的證據(jù)。但是侮辱提要的累積的憤怒。

“Whatisamazingtomeisthenumberofwhiteswhoexpresssurprisethatanyofthishappens,”observesMaryFrancesBerry,chairpersonoftheU.S.CommissiononCivilRights,whosaysshehasbeenwatchedatshoppingmalls.“什么對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是神奇的是白人的數(shù)量表達(dá)驚喜的這一切發(fā)生的時(shí)候,“觀察瑪麗弗朗西絲·貝瑞,美國(guó)民權(quán)委員會(huì)的主席,他說(shuō),她一直在關(guān)注購(gòu)物中心。56.Theword“valet”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeansarestaurantemployeetakingcareofdiners’cars.“管家”這個(gè)詞在第一段最可能意味著餐廳員工照顧顧客的汽車。57.RoyJohnsonwasunfairlytreatedbecauseheisblack.羅伊·約翰遜是不公正的待遇,因?yàn)樗呛谌?。Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatbothblacksandwhitesarebewilderedbyracism.從文中我們可以得知,黑人和白人都被種族歧視搞的不知所措。ItisimpliedinthepassagethatmanywhitepeopledenythepresenceofracismintheUSbecausetheytendtoregardinstancesofracismastrivialmisunderstandings.隱含在文章中,許多白人否認(rèn)種族主義在美國(guó)的存在,因?yàn)樗麄儍A向于認(rèn)為種族主義的實(shí)例是微不足道的誤解。Judgingfromthecontext,themostpossibleexplanationforMaryFrancesBerry’sbeingwatchedatshoppingmallsisthatsheisblack.從上下文來(lái)看,最可能的解釋為瑪麗弗朗西絲·貝瑞在購(gòu)物中心看到的是她是黑人。AddLittleton,Colorado,tothelistofcitiesdazedwithgriefafteraschoolslaughter.Twostudentsshotandkilled12otherstudentsandateacherbeforetakingtheirownlives.Thebloodbathwasthelargestinthehistoryofthisnation.Thistypeofcrimedidn'texist10yearsago.加入利特爾頓,科羅拉多的列表后,由于城市悲痛學(xué)校屠殺。過(guò)上他們自己的生活之前兩個(gè)學(xué)生開(kāi)槍打死了12個(gè)學(xué)生以及一名教師自己的生活。大屠殺是歷史上最大的國(guó)家。這種類型的犯罪十年前并不存在。

Americansshouldstopactingsurprisedthattheseshootinghappenin"nicer"neighborhoods.That'stheonlyplacetheyhappen.Noneoftherecentschoolmassacrestookplaceataninner-citycampus;theyalloccurredinsmallertownsorsuburbs.Thesekillershaven'tbeenfromimpoverishedorextremelyviolentfamilies.Theydon'tappeartohavebeenpickedonanyworsethankidshavebeenforgenerations.Theychosealienationanddestruction,andtheyfoundthetoolstocarryouttheirhate-filledplan.美國(guó)人不應(yīng)該這些槍擊事件發(fā)生在“良好的”社區(qū)假裝驚訝。這是唯一的地方。沒(méi)有最近的學(xué)校屠殺發(fā)生在一個(gè)市中心的校園,他們都發(fā)生在較小的城鎮(zhèn)或郊區(qū)。這些殺手還沒(méi)有從貧困或極端暴力的家庭。他們似乎沒(méi)有被選在任何比孩子已經(jīng)好幾代了。他們選擇了異化和毀滅,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)工具來(lái)執(zhí)行他們的充滿仇恨的計(jì)劃。

Donotblameschoolsforthesemassacres.Schoolssimplytakewhattheyaresent.Questionthekillers'parents.Theparentsaresupposedtoteachtheirchildrenrespectandempathyforothers'lives.Parentsshouldhelptheiroffspringlearntohandletauntorconflictwithoutresortingtoviolence.不要責(zé)怪學(xué)校這些屠殺。學(xué)校只是把他們發(fā)送。兇手的父母的問(wèn)題。父母應(yīng)該教導(dǎo)孩子尊重和同情別人的生活。父母應(yīng)該幫助他們的孩子學(xué)會(huì)處理嘲諷或沖突而不訴諸暴力。

Allconcernedadultsshouldtakeayouth'sthreattoshootsomeoneasseriouslyasairportsecurityguardstakejokesaboutbombs.Studentsmustbeencouragedtotellteachersifaclassmatethreatensorjokesaboutviolence.Administratorsatschoolsaroundthecountryneedtoemphasizetheywilltakesuchreportsseriously,andthattheywillnotidentifyanystudentwhocomesforwardwithsuchareport.所有有關(guān)成年人應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對(duì)待青年拍某人的威脅,隨著機(jī)場(chǎng)保安開(kāi)玩笑炸彈。必須鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生告訴老師同學(xué)威脅或者暴力開(kāi)玩笑。管理員在全國(guó)各地的學(xué)校需要強(qiáng)調(diào)他們會(huì)認(rèn)真對(duì)待這樣的報(bào)道,他們不會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)任何學(xué)生提出這樣的一個(gè)報(bào)告。Moregunregulationsprobablywon'tstoptheseshootings,butgunownersandsellersmusttakemoreresponsibilityforkeepingweaponsawayfromyoungpeople.Gunownersshouldkeeptheirgunsunloaded,lockedupandhiddenaway.Mostcarownersdon'tleavetheirkeysinthecarevenwhentheyparkintheirowngarage;gunownersshouldbeatleastascarefulwithweapons.更多的槍支管理法規(guī)可能不會(huì)停止這些槍擊事件,但是槍支擁有者和賣方必須承擔(dān)更多的責(zé)任保持武器離年輕人。槍支擁有者應(yīng)該保持他們的槍卸下,鎖定和隱藏。大多數(shù)車主不離開(kāi)自己的鑰匙在車?yán)镌谧约旱能噹?kù);即使他們公園槍支擁有者應(yīng)該至少小心武器。

Thefederalgovernmentcan'tsolvethisproblem.Schoolsalonecan'tsolveit.Moregunswon'tsolveit.Americansmustconsciouslycreateaculturethatmakesviolenceunacceptable.Parentsneedtostopallowingtheirchildren’smindstobepollutedwithviolence.Newsmedianeedtoshowmorerestraintandthoughtabouthowandwhattheyreport.聯(lián)邦政府不能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。學(xué)校不能獨(dú)自解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。更多的槍支不會(huì)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。美國(guó)人必須有意識(shí)地創(chuàng)造一種文化,使暴力不可接受的。父母需要停止讓孩子的思想和暴力被污染。新聞媒體需要顯示更多的克制和思考他們?nèi)绾螆?bào)告。TheColoradomassacreisanationaltragedy.More’sthepityifAmericansdonotstop,reflectandvowtomakeitthelastschoolmassacre.科羅拉多大屠殺是一個(gè)國(guó)家的悲劇。更多的是同情,如果美國(guó)人不停止,反映和誓言,讓它過(guò)去學(xué)校大屠殺。Onecommonfeatureofalltherecentschoolmassacresisthattheyalloccurredinplacesthatappeartobeniceneighborhoods.最近學(xué)校大屠殺的一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)是,它們都發(fā)生在的地方似乎是不錯(cuò)的社區(qū)。Childrenarelesslikelytobecomekillersiftheyaretaughtrespectandempathyforothers’lives.孩子們不太可能成為殺手,如果他們被教導(dǎo)尊重和同情別人的生活。Whodoestheauthorthinkshouldtakethemainresponsibilityforcampusshootings?作者認(rèn)為誰(shuí)應(yīng)該對(duì)校園槍擊事件負(fù)主要責(zé)任?Thekiller’sparents殺手的父母Whatisthemosteffectivewaytopreventschoolmassacrefromhappeningagain?什么是最有效的方法來(lái)防止學(xué)校屠殺再次發(fā)生?Creatingaculturethatmakesviolenceunacceptable.創(chuàng)造使暴力不可歡迎一種企業(yè)文化的。Fromthepassagewecaninferthatayouth’sjokeaboutviolenceisoftenignoredbyotherpeople.從文中我們可以推斷出一個(gè)青年的玩笑暴力經(jīng)常被別人忽略。In

the

early

1600's,

a

group

known

as

the

Separatists

lived

in

England.

They

were

people

who

wanted

to

worship

God,

study

the

Bible

and

pray,

but

the

English

laws

did

not

allow

them

to

worship

as

they

desired.

They

were

hunted

down,

beaten,

and

locked

up.

在1600年代初,一群被稱為“分裂分子住在英格蘭。他們想要敬拜上帝的人,學(xué)習(xí)圣經(jīng)和禱告,但英國(guó)法律不允許他們敬拜他們所期望的。他們追捕、毆打和關(guān)押。Eventually,

they

heard

about

freedom

of

religion

in

Holland,

and

planned

to

escape.

After

much

hardship,

they

were

allowed

to

leave

England.

最終,他們聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)宗教自由在荷蘭,并計(jì)劃逃跑。經(jīng)過(guò)許多困難,他們被允許離開(kāi)英格蘭。Now

called

Pilgrims,

they

lived

in

Holland

for

12

years,

but

left

because

they

couldn't

stand

the

hard

life,

and

couldn't

work

their

own

trades.

They

wanted

to

find

a

Kingdom

of

God

for

their

posterity

to

practice

religion

freely.

So

they

hired

the

Speedwell

and

the

Mayflower

to

carry

them

across

the

Atlantic

to

a

new

land

in

America.

現(xiàn)在被稱為朝圣者,他們住在荷蘭工作了12年,但離開(kāi),因?yàn)樗麄儾荒苋淌芷D苦的生活,自己的交易,不能工作。他們想為他們的后代找到神的國(guó)自由實(shí)踐宗教。所以他們雇傭了婆婆納屬的植物,五月花號(hào)跨大西洋在美國(guó)一個(gè)新的土地。The

Speedwell

had

many

leaks

and

had

to

turn

back.

The

Mayflower

took

in

their

passengers,

making

a

total

of

over

100.

They

sailed

two

months

and

three

days,

cramped

and

hungry.

婆婆納屬的植物有很多泄漏和不得不回頭。五月花了他們的乘客,總共超過(guò)100。他們兩個(gè)月,三天,狹窄的又餓。On

November

11,1620,

the

Mayflower

spotted

land.

They

landed

in

Province

town,

Massachusetts.

For

over

a

month,

they

sent

men

to

find

the

perfect

place

for

them

to

build

their

colony.

When

they

finally

found

a

place,

they

called

it

Plymouth.

1620年11月11日,五月花號(hào)發(fā)現(xiàn)了陸地。他們降落在省城里,馬薩諸塞州。一個(gè)多月來(lái),他們派人找到完美的地方建立自己的殖民地。當(dāng)他們終于找到一個(gè)地方,他們稱之為普利茅斯。Right

away

they

started

building

homes,

knowing

winter

was

near.

Unfortunately,

a

violent

storm

hit

when

the

houses

were

not

yet

finished.

The

Pilgrims

were

forced

to

stay

on

the

cramped

Mayflower

for

their

first

winter

in

the

new

world.

When

this

winter

was

over,

over

half

of

them

had

died.

他們開(kāi)始建造房子,知道冬天是近了。不幸的是,暴風(fēng)襲擊時(shí)尚未完成的房屋。清教徒被迫呆在狹小的五月花號(hào)的第一個(gè)冬天在新的世界。這個(gè)冬天結(jié)束后,超過(guò)一半的人已經(jīng)死了。The

Pilgrims

eventually

made

a

good

friend

who

helped

them.

His

name

was

Squanto.

He

showed

them

where

fish

swam,

how

to

hunt

deer,

and

how

to

plant

corn.

清教徒最終做了一個(gè)好朋友幫助他們的人。他的名字叫移民。他給他們看魚(yú)游,如何獵鹿,以及如何種植玉米。Squanto

was

a

Native

American

who

was

kidnapped

earlier

in

his

life

and

taken

to

England.

This

is

why

he

was

able

to

communicate

with

the

Pilgrims.

司光恩徒早些時(shí)候被綁架是土生土長(zhǎng)的美國(guó)人在他的生活和英格蘭。這就是為什么他能夠與朝圣者通信。With

the

help

of

the

Native

Americans,

there

was

plenty

for

everyone

to

eat

that

first

summer,

and

also

plenty

to

last

for

the

next

winter.

印第安人的幫助下,每個(gè)人都有很多吃的第一個(gè)夏天,也足夠維持下一個(gè)冬天。The

Pilgrims

had

so

much

to

be

thankful

for.

They

gave

thanks

for

good

friends,

new

homes,

freedom

of

religion,

and

plenty

of

food

in

a

three-day

celebration

with

their

Native

American

friends.

清教徒們太多的感謝。他們給感謝好朋友,新房,宗教自由,和充足的食物與他們的印第安朋友為期三天的慶?；顒?dòng)。Today

we

continue

the

celebration

of

the

Pilgrims

and

the

Native

Americans,

and

call

it

Thanksgiving.

今天我們繼續(xù)慶祝朝圣者和印第安人,并稱之為感恩節(jié)。

The

Separatists

left

England

in

pursuit

of

religious

freedom

追求宗教自由的分裂分子離開(kāi)了英國(guó)

The

Pilgrims

spend

their

first

winter

on

the

ship

that

carried

them

across

the

Atlantic

清教徒在船上度過(guò)的第一個(gè)冬天,這些價(jià)值昂貴的作品運(yùn)往大西洋的彼岸58.

The

Pilgrims

learnt

to

adapt

to

the

new

environment

with

the

help

of

the

natives

清教徒學(xué)會(huì)適應(yīng)新環(huán)境與當(dāng)?shù)厝说膸椭?/p>

How

did

the

Pilgrims

get

along

with

the

Native

Americans?

朝圣者和印第安人相處如何?

They

were

very

friendly

to

each

other.

他們彼此很友好。

What

is

the

central

idea

of

this

passage?

這篇文章的中心思想是什么?

The

origin

of

Thanksgiving.

感恩節(jié)的起源。Recently,oneofmybestfriendsJennie,withwhomIhavesharedjustabouteverythingsincethefirstdayofkindergarten,spenttheweekendwithme.SinceImovedtoanewtownseveralyearsago,wehavebothalwayslookedforwardtothenewtimesayearwhenwecanseeeachother.最近,我的一個(gè)最好的朋友珍妮,我共享一切從幼兒園的第一天,周末和我在一起。自從我?guī)啄昵鞍岬搅诵碌某鞘?我們都總是期待著新時(shí)代的這一年里,我們可以看到對(duì)方。

Overtheweekend,wespenthoursandhours,stayinguplateintothenight,talkingaboutthepeopleshewashangingaroundwith.

Shestartedtellingmestoriesabouthernewboyfriend,abouthowheexperimentedwithdrugsandwasintootherself-destructivebehavior.Iwasblownaway!Shetoldmehowshehadbeenlyingtoherparentsaboutwhereshewasgoingandevenstealingouttoseethisguybecausetheydidn’twantheraroundhim.NomatterhowhardItriedtotellherthatshedeservedbetter,shedidn’tbelieveme.Herself-respectseemedtohavedisappeared.上周末,我們花了幾個(gè)小時(shí),熬夜到深夜,談?wù)撍e逛的人。她開(kāi)始告訴我關(guān)于她的新男朋友的故事,關(guān)于他嘗試了毒品和其他自我毀滅的行為。我被吹走!她告訴我她是如何對(duì)她父母撒謊了,她甚至偷出去看到這個(gè)家伙,因?yàn)樗麄儾幌胱屗谒車?。不論多么艱難我試圖告訴她,她應(yīng)該得到更好的,她不相信我。她的自尊似乎已經(jīng)消失。

Itriedtoconvinceherthatshewasruiningherfutureandheadingforbigtrouble.IfeltlikeIwasgettingnowhere.Ijustcouldn’tbelievethatshereallythoughtitwasacceptabletohangwithabunchoflosers,especiallyherboyfriend.我試圖說(shuō)服她,她毀了她的未來(lái),走向大麻煩。我覺(jué)得我是無(wú)路可走。我簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信她真的認(rèn)為這是可接受的掛在一群失敗者,尤其是她的男朋友。

Bythetimesheleft,Iwasreallyworriedaboutherandexhaustedbytheexperience.

IthadbeensofrustratingthatIhadcomeclosetotellingherseveraltimesduringtheweekendthatmaybewehadjustgrowntoofaraparttocontinueourfriendship,butIdidn’t.Iputthepoweroffriendshiptotheultimatetest.We’dbeenfriendsforfartoolong.IhadtohopethatshevaluedmeenoughtoknowthatIwastryingtosaveherfromhurtingherself.Iwantedtobelievethatourfriendshipcouldconqueranything.當(dāng)她離開(kāi)的時(shí)候,我真的很擔(dān)心她和疲憊的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。它令人沮喪,我已經(jīng)接近告訴她幾次在周末,也許我們剛剛變得過(guò)于遠(yuǎn)繼續(xù)我們的友誼,但是我沒(méi)有。我把友誼的力量的終極測(cè)試。太久之后,我們就一直是好朋友。我不得不希望她足夠重視我知道我試圖救她傷害自己。我想相信我們的友誼可以征服任何東西。

Afewdayslater,shecalledtosaythatshehadthoughtlongandhardaboutourconversation,andthenshetoldmethatshehadbrokenupwithherboyfriend.Ijustlistenedontheotherendofthephonewithtearsofjoyrunningdownmyface.Itwasoneofthetrulyrewardingmomentsinmylife.NeverhadIbeensoproudofafriend.幾天后,她打電話說(shuō),長(zhǎng)期而艱苦的思考關(guān)于我們的談話,然后她告訴我,她和她的男朋友。我只是聽(tīng)在電話的另一端與喜悅的淚水順著我的臉。這是我生命中真正的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的時(shí)刻之一。我從來(lái)沒(méi)有這么驕傲的一個(gè)朋友。WhatwordbestsumsupJennie’sboyfriend?哪個(gè)單詞最好的總結(jié)了珍妮的男朋友嗎?Aloser失敗者62.WhatwastheattitudeofJennie’sparentstowardsherrelationshipwithherboyfriend?什么是珍妮的父母對(duì)她的態(tài)度和她的男朋友之間的關(guān)系?Theydidnotallowhertocontinueit.他們不允許她繼續(xù)。HowdidtheauthorreacttoJennie’srelationshipwithherboyfriend?作者是如何應(yīng)對(duì)珍妮與她的男朋友的關(guān)系?ShetriedherbesttodissuadeJenniefromcontinuingit.她曾試圖勸阻珍妮她最好的繼續(xù)。HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenJennietoldherhadbrokenupwithherboyfriend?作者是如何感覺(jué)當(dāng)珍妮告訴她和她的男朋友嗎?Shefeltexhausted她感到筋疲力盡65.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyinthispassage?作者試圖傳達(dá)什么信息在這一段嗎?Thepoweroftruefriendshipcanconqueranything.真正的友誼的力量可以征服任何東西。一課一練第一單元Ithasbeenshownthatchildrenwhosmokehavecertaincharacteristics.Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious,theirworkdeterioratesastheymoveupschool,theyaremorelikelytoleaveschoolearly,andaremoreoftendelinquentandsexuallyprecious.Manyofthesefeaturescanbesummarizedasanticipationofadulthood.它已經(jīng)表明,吸煙的兒童有一定的特點(diǎn)。與非吸煙者相比他們更叛逆,他們的工作惡化提升學(xué)校,他們更有可能就早早離開(kāi)了學(xué)校,而且更經(jīng)常拖欠和性珍貴。許多這些特性可以概括為預(yù)期的成年。Thereareanumberoffactors,whichdeterminetheonsetofsmoking,andthesearelargelypsychologicalandsocial.Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingthought,anticipationofadulthood,socialconfidence,theexampleofparentsandteachers,andsmokingbyfriendsandolderbrothersandsisters.有很多因素,確定開(kāi)始吸煙,這些在很大程度上是心理和社會(huì)。包括可用性的香煙,好奇心,叛逆,出現(xiàn)想,期待成年期,社會(huì)信心,家長(zhǎng)和老師的例子,和吸煙的朋友和年長(zhǎng)的兄弟姐妹。Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.Schoolrolesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises.ThisrolehasbeenintroducedatSummerhillSchoolwhereIspentmyschooldays.它應(yīng)該更容易防止孩子開(kāi)始吸煙比說(shuō)服成年人放棄習(xí)慣一旦建立,但事實(shí)上這已經(jīng)被證明是非常困難的。權(quán)威的人的例子,尤其是父母,衛(wèi)生保健工作者和教師,至關(guān)重要。學(xué)校角色應(yīng)該禁止吸煙的兒童的前提。這個(gè)角色在夏山學(xué)校引入了在那里我花了我的學(xué)生時(shí)代。Thereis,however,ariskofchildrensmokingjusttorebelagainsttherules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporalpunishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.Nevertheless,banningsmokingisprobablyonbalancebeneficial.Teacherstooshouldnotsmokeonschoolpremises,atleastnotinfrontofchildren.然而,孩子們吸煙的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)只是為了反抗規(guī)則,甚至在這些學(xué)校已試圖通過(guò)體罰來(lái)實(shí)施禁止吸煙在其他學(xué)校有盡可能多的吸煙。然而,禁止吸煙可能是在平衡有益的。老師太不應(yīng)該吸煙在學(xué)校前提,至少不會(huì)在孩子面前。Inthispassagetheauthorputsanemphasisonthedifficultyinpreventingchildrenfromsmoking.在這篇文章作者強(qiáng)調(diào)了阻止孩子吸煙的困難。22.Whichofthefollowingisacommon