托?？谡Z(yǔ)資料task-4(課堂)課件

RebeccaTOEFLiBTSPEAKING托?？谡Z(yǔ)TASK41RebeccaTOEFLiBTSPEAKING1序號(hào)任務(wù)類型準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間回答時(shí)間材料性質(zhì)Task3讀聽(tīng)說(shuō)30〞60〞校園對(duì)話Task4讀聽(tīng)說(shuō)30〞60〞學(xué)術(shù)演講2序號(hào)任務(wù)準(zhǔn)備回答材料Task3讀聽(tīng)說(shuō)30〞6Task4Generalintroduction:

★

Anintegratedtaskreading→listening→speaking★

Academicsubject

butnopriorknowledgeofanyacademicfieldarerequired3Task4Generalintroduction:3Reading

(75-100wordsandwilldisappearafter;

40-45"

toread)

↓Listening(conversationonsametopicwithpicture;

1-1.5'

tolisten)

↓Speaking(wosources;nopersonalideas

30"

toprepare&60"tospeak)Task44Reading(75-100wordsand1.Readingsection

(thefoundationforlisteningandanswering)WhattoreadinT4:Aconceptofageneralprincipleandspecificexamples;ORAproblemandrespectsaboutit/waystosolveit.帶著一個(gè)“概念是什么，現(xiàn)象是什么”的想法來(lái)閱讀51.Readingsection

(thefoundAcademicsubject

——sciences&arts★

多為日常生活中的人文、科學(xué)常識(shí)。難度適中。1.lifescience（生命科學(xué)）:thestudyoflivingorganisms,suchasbiology,medicine,orecology.

potentiality;howtostorefood2.socialscience（社會(huì)科學(xué)）:thestudyofhumansociety.

perception

3.physicalscience（自然科學(xué)）:thestudyofthenatureandnonlivingmatter,suchasphysics,chemistry,orgeology.

secondaryecologicalsuccession（二級(jí)生態(tài)演替）

4.humanity（人文科學(xué)）:thestudyofhumanthoughtandculture,suchasphilosophy,literature,andart.

visualelements;movie6Academicsubject

——sciences&Academicsubject

——sciences&arts★題目出現(xiàn)的比例：最多為人文科學(xué)(60%以上)社會(huì)學(xué)和生命學(xué)中等(20%左右)自然科學(xué)極少(lessthan10%)

7Academicsubject

——sciences&Readingexample1Oneofthemostpersistentdesiresofhumanbeingshasbeentoindulgeinmood-changingandpleasure-givingpractices.Forinstance,diversecultureshaveengagedinthedrinkingofalcoholicbeverageofalldescriptions.Butaswithmostpleasure,overindulgencecanbeharmfultooneselfandothers.Also,noteveryoneagreesthatdrinkingorusingothermoodmodifiersshouldbeanacceptedpleasure.8Readingexample18Readingexample1Oneofthemost

persistentdesiresofhumanbeingshasbeentoindulgeinmood-changingandpleasure-givingpractices.

Forinstance,diversecultureshaveengagedinthedrinkingofalcoholicbeverageofalldescriptions.

But

aswithmostpleasure,overindulgencecanbeharmfultooneselfandothers.Also,noteveryoneagreesthatdrinkingorusingothermoodmodifiersshouldbeanacceptedpleasure.9Readingexample19Desires:mood-changing+pleasure-givingeg.→drinking?over×not人人accept10Desires:mood-changing+pleacautions根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)生詞！（context）1.抓住文中認(rèn)識(shí)的尤其是認(rèn)識(shí)的主要?jiǎng)釉~，據(jù)此來(lái)推斷周圍的生詞的大意。2.例推法:根據(jù)文章中的例子來(lái)推其前面的重要詞匯。3.比較連接詞,推斷前后信息.Although,by,including,when,sothat…

讀通文意比記筆記更重要！

重要信息一般出現(xiàn)在signalwords之后！11cautions根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)生詞！（context）112.Listeningsection

(additionalinfo.foranswering)WhattolisteninT4:Abrieflectureinwhichaprofessorgivesmore

examplesordetails.

122.Listeningsection

(additiocautions

根據(jù)信號(hào)詞推斷邏輯和次重點(diǎn)！1.one,another,first,second,next,generally…（結(jié)構(gòu)）2.essential,important,key,main,necessary,primary,significant,especially…（次重點(diǎn)）3.cause,consequence,effect,example,problem,reason,result,characteristic,feature,function,idea,point,quality...（重點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)）

抓大意在先，探細(xì)節(jié)在后。不要在小詞上糾纏有聽(tīng)不懂的關(guān)鍵名詞，記下模糊發(fā)音或用代號(hào)聽(tīng)的時(shí)候，帶著“老師用什么例子來(lái)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明”這個(gè)問(wèn)題去聽(tīng)13cautions根據(jù)信號(hào)詞推斷邏輯和次重點(diǎn)！聽(tīng)的時(shí)候，帶著3.Speakingsection

(combineinfo.in2sources;nopersonalideas)WhattospeakinT4:描述閱讀材料中涉及的概念（如果沒(méi)有，自己總結(jié)）解釋聽(tīng)力材料中的例子→

聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)得較好可以選擇不回答閱讀內(nèi)容（互補(bǔ)）143.Speakingsection

(combineiGeneralformat

Thelectureisabout+授課主題,referringto

+主題定義→≈10〞

Theprofessorgivestheexampleof+具體內(nèi)容（1/2點(diǎn)）→≈50〞 Inthefirstexample,hestatesthat.../Firstofall,hepointsoutthat... (Thesecondpointisthat.../Theprofessoralsosaysthat...)15Generalformat15Casestudy1NarratorNowreadthepassageaboutsocialinteraction.Youhave45secondstoreadthepassage.Beginreadingnow.16Casestudy1Narrator16SocialInteractionPeopledealwitheachothereveryday.Thisinteractionisattheheartofsociallife.Thestudyofsocialinteractionisconcernedwiththeinfluencepeoplehaveoveroneanother’sbehavior.Peopletakeeachotherintoaccountintheirdailybehaviorandinfact,theverypresenceofotherscanaffectbehavior.Forexample,oneprincipleofsocialinteraction,audienceeffects,suggeststhatindividual’sworkisaffectedbytheirknowledgethattheyarevisibletoothers,thatthepresenceofotherstendstoalterthewaypeoplebehaveorperformanactivity.1717ExplanationSocialInteractionPeopledealwitheachothereveryday.Thisinteractionisat

theheart

ofsociallife.

Thestudyof

socialinteractionisconcernedwiththe

influencepeoplehaveoveroneanother’sbehavior.

Peopletakeeachotherintoaccountintheirdailybehaviorandinfact,theverypresenceofotherscanaffectbehavior.Forexample,oneprincipleofsocialinteraction,audienceeffects,suggeststhatindividuals’workis

affectedbytheirknowledgethattheyarevisibletoothers,thatthepresenceofotherstendstoalterthewaypeoplebehaveorperformanactivity.18ExplanationSocialInteraction1Notesforreading√socialinterac:influ.onbeha.→presenceofothersaffecteg.audienceeffects→affectedifknowtheyrvisible/watched19Notesforreading19NarratorNowlistentopartofatalkinasociologyclass.Theprofessorisdiscussingaudienceeffects.20Narrator202121NotesoflisteningInteraction:impactonbehav.Knowbeingwatched

↑performspeed1.Tieshoeswithlaces2.Learnnewthings:typingBut,moremistakes

22NotesoflisteningInteraction:Whenthedialogueended,thepictureofthestudentswillbereplacedbythefollowing:

Nowgetreadytoanswerthequestion.23Whenthedialogueended,thepThequestionwillthenappearonyourcomputerscreenandwillalsoreadbythenarrator.Explainhowtheexamplesoftyingshoesandlearningtotypedemonstratetheprincipleofaudienceeffects.preparetime:30secondsresponsetime:60seconds24Thequestionwillthenappear整理筆記，最終開(kāi)口T(accordingtothereading):audienceeffectsaffectediftheyknowbeingwatchedExample1:tyingshoes,1groupknew,typefaster,1not.Example2:learningtotypefaster,butmistakes25整理筆記，最終開(kāi)口T(accordingtothere

Theprincipleofaudienceeffectsisthatindividuals’performanceisaffectedbytheknowledgethatothersarewatchingthem.Theprofessorusesexamplesoftyingshoesandlearningtotypetodemonstratethatweactuallyincreaseourspeedofperformingifweknowthatwearebeingobserved.Intheexampleoftyingshoes,onegroupofcollegestudentswastoldthattheywerebeingobserved,theotherdidn’tknowtheywerebeingobserved.Thestudentswhoknewtheywerebeingwatchedtiedtheirshoesmuchfasterthantheothergroup.Andintheexampleoflearningtotype,whenweareconsciousofbeingobserved,wewillincreasetypingspeed.Wetypefasterthanwedoalone.Also,otherbehavioralpatternwillincrease,likemakingmistakes.Sowhenwetypefasterwhenweknowwearebeingobserved,wealsomakemoremistakes.示范回答26示范回答26Sampleanswer1

Inthislecture,theprofessorgivestwoexamplesto

illustratetheprinciplesof

audienceeffects.Oneofthem

istyingshoes,andtheotheroneishowtotype.Sointheexperimentwheretwogroups…totietheirshoes,Thefirstgroupweresaidtheywere

be

observed,Theotheronewasnottoldso.Thefirstgroupthattheyknewtheywouldbeobservedtiedtheirshoesfaster;and

theotheroneslower.

Inthesecondexample;activitiessuchaslearningtyping;againwhenpeopleareconscious

theyarebeingobserved

theytypefaster.However,theytendtomakemoremistakesaswell.Sothesuggestionistopracticenewactivitiesalone

inorderto

reducemistakes27Sampleanswer1 27Speakclearlyandfluently.Showagoodcommandovergrammarandvocabulary.Stateveryclearlyandlogicallytheconceptandtwoexamples.28Speakclearlyandfluently.ShTopic段:T1

OK,sowesaidthatthewayweinteractwithothershasanimpactonourbehavior.Infact,there’ssomeinterestingresearchtosuggestthatinonetypeofinteraction-whenwe’rebeingobservedspecifically,whenweknowwe’rebeingwatchedasweperformsomeactivity-wetendtoincreasethespeedatwhichweperformthatactivity.

2929分組：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)？Reason段：R1

Inonestudy,collegestudentswereaskedtoeachputonapairofshoes-shoeswithlacestheywouldhavetotie.Nowonegroupofstudentswastoldthattheywouldbeobserved.Thesecondgroup,however,didn’tknowtheywerebeingobserved.Thestudentswhowereawarethattheywerebeingwatchedactuallytiedtheirshoesmuchfasterthanthestudentswhothoughttheywerealone.Otherstudiesconfirmthesameistrueevenwhenwe’relearningnewactivities.差別：特征？30分組：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)？Reason段：R1差別：特征？30

Let’ssaysomeoneislearninganewtask-forexample,learninghowtotype.Whenthey’reconsciousofbeingobserved,they’lllikelybegintypingatamuchfasterratethantheywouldiftheywerealone.But,andthisisinteresting,thestudyalsoshowedthatcertaincommonbehavior-thingspeopletypicallydo,

like...makingmistakeswhenyou’relearningsomethingnewthatbehaviorpatternwillalsoincrease.Soinotherwords,whenwe’relearningtotype,andweknowwe’rebeingwatched,we’lltypefasterbutwe’llalsomakemoremistakes.Reason段：R231 Reason段：R231HomeworkSamplingerror

Often,studentsoremployeeswillbeaskedtodrawaconclusionfromahugeamountofdata.That'swhenasampleisintroduced.Whenasampleisaccurate,itcanrepresentthewholegroup.Butwhenitiswrong,samplingerrorwouldoccur.Instatistics,samplingerrororestimationerroriscausedbyobservingasinglesampleinsteadofthewholepopulation.Samplingerrorcanbefoundbysubtractingthevalueofaparameterfromthevalueofastatistic.Generally,therearetwomethodsofreducingsamplingerror:increasingthesamplesize,andensuringthatthesamplecanadequatelyrepresenttheentirepopulation.32HomeworkSamplingerror32NarratorNowlistentoalectureonthistopicinastatisticsclass.33Narrator333434Whenthedialogueended,thepictureofthestudentswillbereplacedbythefollowing:

Nowgetreadytoanswerthequestion.35Whenthedialogueended,thepThequestionwillthenappearonyourcomputerscreenandwillalsoreadbythenarrator.Theprofessorusesoneexperimenttoillustratethedefinitionof"samplingerror".Explainhowthisexampleisrelatedtothereadingpassage.preparetime:30secondsresponsetime:60seconds36Thequestionwillthenappear3737RebeccaTOEFLiBTSPEAKING托?？谡Z(yǔ)TASK438RebeccaTOEFLiBTSPEAKING1序號(hào)任務(wù)類型準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間回答時(shí)間材料性質(zhì)Task3讀聽(tīng)說(shuō)30〞60〞校園對(duì)話Task4讀聽(tīng)說(shuō)30〞60〞學(xué)術(shù)演講39序號(hào)任務(wù)準(zhǔn)備回答材料Task3讀聽(tīng)說(shuō)30〞6Task4Generalintroduction:

★

Anintegratedtaskreading→listening→speaking★

Academicsubject

butnopriorknowledgeofanyacademicfieldarerequired40Task4Generalintroduction:3Reading

(75-100wordsandwilldisappearafter;

40-45"

toread)

↓Listening(conversationonsametopicwithpicture;

1-1.5'

tolisten)

↓Speaking(wosources;nopersonalideas

30"

toprepare&60"tospeak)Task441Reading(75-100wordsand1.Readingsection

(thefoundationforlisteningandanswering)WhattoreadinT4:Aconceptofageneralprincipleandspecificexamples;ORAproblemandrespectsaboutit/waystosolveit.帶著一個(gè)“概念是什么，現(xiàn)象是什么”的想法來(lái)閱讀421.Readingsection

(thefoundAcademicsubject

——sciences&arts★

多為日常生活中的人文、科學(xué)常識(shí)。難度適中。1.lifescience（生命科學(xué)）:thestudyoflivingorganisms,suchasbiology,medicine,orecology.

potentiality;howtostorefood2.socialscience（社會(huì)科學(xué)）:thestudyofhumansociety.

perception

3.physicalscience（自然科學(xué)）:thestudyofthenatureandnonlivingmatter,suchasphysics,chemistry,orgeology.

secondaryecologicalsuccession（二級(jí)生態(tài)演替）

4.humanity（人文科學(xué)）:thestudyofhumanthoughtandculture,suchasphilosophy,literature,andart.

visualelements;movie43Academicsubject

——sciences&Academicsubject

——sciences&arts★題目出現(xiàn)的比例：最多為人文科學(xué)(60%以上)社會(huì)學(xué)和生命學(xué)中等(20%左右)自然科學(xué)極少(lessthan10%)

44Academicsubject

——sciences&Readingexample1Oneofthemostpersistentdesiresofhumanbeingshasbeentoindulgeinmood-changingandpleasure-givingpractices.Forinstance,diversecultureshaveengagedinthedrinkingofalcoholicbeverageofalldescriptions.Butaswithmostpleasure,overindulgencecanbeharmfultooneselfandothers.Also,noteveryoneagreesthatdrinkingorusingothermoodmodifiersshouldbeanacceptedpleasure.45Readingexample18Readingexample1Oneofthemost

persistentdesiresofhumanbeingshasbeentoindulgeinmood-changingandpleasure-givingpractices.

Forinstance,diversecultureshaveengagedinthedrinkingofalcoholicbeverageofalldescriptions.

But

aswithmostpleasure,overindulgencecanbeharmfultooneselfandothers.Also,noteveryoneagreesthatdrinkingorusingothermoodmodifiersshouldbeanacceptedpleasure.46Readingexample19Desires:mood-changing+pleasure-givingeg.→drinking?over×not人人accept47Desires:mood-changing+pleacautions根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)生詞！（context）1.抓住文中認(rèn)識(shí)的尤其是認(rèn)識(shí)的主要?jiǎng)釉~，據(jù)此來(lái)推斷周圍的生詞的大意。2.例推法:根據(jù)文章中的例子來(lái)推其前面的重要詞匯。3.比較連接詞,推斷前后信息.Although,by,including,when,sothat…

讀通文意比記筆記更重要！

重要信息一般出現(xiàn)在signalwords之后！48cautions根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)生詞?。╟ontext）112.Listeningsection

(additionalinfo.foranswering)WhattolisteninT4:Abrieflectureinwhichaprofessorgivesmore

examplesordetails.

492.Listeningsection

(additiocautions

根據(jù)信號(hào)詞推斷邏輯和次重點(diǎn)！1.one,another,first,second,next,generally…（結(jié)構(gòu)）2.essential,important,key,main,necessary,primary,significant,especially…（次重點(diǎn)）3.cause,consequence,effect,example,problem,reason,result,characteristic,feature,function,idea,point,quality...（重點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)）

抓大意在先，探細(xì)節(jié)在后。不要在小詞上糾纏有聽(tīng)不懂的關(guān)鍵名詞，記下模糊發(fā)音或用代號(hào)聽(tīng)的時(shí)候，帶著“老師用什么例子來(lái)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明”這個(gè)問(wèn)題去聽(tīng)50cautions根據(jù)信號(hào)詞推斷邏輯和次重點(diǎn)！聽(tīng)的時(shí)候，帶著3.Speakingsection

(combineinfo.in2sources;nopersonalideas)WhattospeakinT4:描述閱讀材料中涉及的概念（如果沒(méi)有，自己總結(jié)）解釋聽(tīng)力材料中的例子→

聽(tīng)力聽(tīng)得較好可以選擇不回答閱讀內(nèi)容（互補(bǔ)）513.Speakingsection

(combineiGeneralformat

Thelectureisabout+授課主題,referringto

+主題定義→≈10〞

Theprofessorgivestheexampleof+具體內(nèi)容（1/2點(diǎn)）→≈50〞 Inthefirstexample,hestatesthat.../Firstofall,hepointsoutthat... (Thesecondpointisthat.../Theprofessoralsosaysthat...)52Generalformat15Casestudy1NarratorNowreadthepassageaboutsocialinteraction.Youhave45secondstoreadthepassage.Beginreadingnow.53Casestudy1Narrator16SocialInteractionPeopledealwitheachothereveryday.Thisinteractionisattheheartofsociallife.Thestudyofsocialinteractionisconcernedwiththeinfluencepeoplehaveoveroneanother’sbehavior.Peopletakeeachotherintoaccountintheirdailybehaviorandinfact,theverypresenceofotherscanaffectbehavior.Forexample,oneprincipleofsocialinteraction,audienceeffects,suggeststhatindividual’sworkisaffectedbytheirknowledgethattheyarevisibletoothers,thatthepresenceofotherstendstoalterthewaypeoplebehaveorperformanactivity.5417ExplanationSocialInteractionPeopledealwitheachothereveryday.Thisinteractionisat

theheart

ofsociallife.

Thestudyof

socialinteractionisconcernedwiththe

influencepeoplehaveoveroneanother’sbehavior.

Peopletakeeachotherintoaccountintheirdailybehaviorandinfact,theverypresenceofotherscanaffectbehavior.Forexample,oneprincipleofsocialinteraction,audienceeffects,suggeststhatindividuals’workis

affectedbytheirknowledgethattheyarevisibletoothers,thatthepresenceofotherstendstoalterthewaypeoplebehaveorperformanactivity.55ExplanationSocialInteraction1Notesforreading√socialinterac:influ.onbeha.→presenceofothersaffecteg.audienceeffects→affectedifknowtheyrvisible/watched56Notesforreading19NarratorNowlistentopartofatalkinasociologyclass.Theprofessorisdiscussingaudienceeffects.57Narrator205821NotesoflisteningInteraction:impactonbehav.Knowbeingwatched

↑performspeed1.Tieshoeswithlaces2.Learnnewthings:typingBut,moremistakes

59NotesoflisteningInteraction:Whenthedialogueended,thepictureofthestudentswillbereplacedbythefollowing:

Nowgetreadytoanswerthequestion.60Whenthedialogueended,thepThequestionwillthenappearonyourcomputerscreenandwillalsoreadbythenarrator.Explainhowtheexamplesoftyingshoesandlearningtotypedemonstratetheprincipleofaudienceeffects.preparetime:30secondsresponsetime:60seconds61Thequestionwillthenappear整理筆記，最終開(kāi)口T(accordingtothereading):audienceeffectsaffectediftheyknowbeingwatchedExample1:tyingshoes,1groupknew,typefaster,1not.Example2:learningtotypefaster,butmistakes62整理筆記，最終開(kāi)口T(accordingtothere

Theprincipleofaudienceeffectsisthatindividuals’performanceisaffectedbytheknowledgethatothersarewatchingthem.Theprofessorusesexamplesoftyingshoesandlearningtotypetodemonstratethatweactuallyincreaseourspeedofperformingifweknowthatwearebeingobserved.Intheexampleoftyingshoes,onegroupofcollegestudentswastoldthattheywerebeingobserved,theotherdidn’tknowtheywerebeingobserved.Thestudentswhoknewtheywerebeingwatchedtiedtheirshoesmuchfasterthantheothergroup.Andintheexampleoflearningtotype,whenweareconsciousofbeingobserved,wewillincreasetypingspeed.Wetypefasterthanwedoalone.Also,otherbehavioralpatternwillincrease,likemakingmistakes.Sowhenwetypefasterwhenweknowwearebeingobserved,wealsomakemoremistakes.示范回答63示范回答26Sampleanswer1

Inthislecture,theprofessorgivestwoexamplesto

illustratetheprinciplesof

audienceeffects.Oneofthem

istyingshoes,andtheotheroneishowtotype.Sointheexperimentwheretwogroups…totietheirshoes,Thefirstgroupweresaidtheywere

be

observed,Theotheronewasnottoldso.Thefirstgroupthattheyknewtheywouldbeobservedtiedtheirshoesfaster;and

theotheroneslower.

Inthesecondexample;activitiessuchaslearningtyping;againwhenpeopleareconscious

theyarebeingobserved

theytypefaster.However,theytendtomakemoremistakesaswell.Sothesuggestionistopracticenewactivitiesalone

inorderto

reducemistakes64Sampleanswer1 27Speakclearlyandfluently.Showagoodcommandovergrammarandvocabulary.Stateveryclearlyandlogicallytheconceptandtwoexamples.65Speakclearlyandfluently.ShTopic段:T1

OK,sowesaidthatthewayweinteractwithothershasanimpactonourbehavior.Infact,there’ssomeinterestingresearchtosuggestthatinonetypeofinteraction-whenwe’rebeingobservedspecifically,whenweknowwe’rebeingwatchedasweperformsomeactivity-wetendtoincreasethespeedatwhichweperformthatactivity.

6629分組：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)？Reason段：R1

Inonestudy,collegestudentswereaskedtoeachputonapairofshoes-shoeswithlacestheywouldhavetotie.