高三二輪復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞之不定式學(xué)案

高三英語PAGEPAGE7高三二輪復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞之不定式學(xué)案編輯審核高三英語組主題：動詞不定時（theInfinitive）的用法Section1目標(biāo)引領(lǐng)（Aims）1基本概念concept)

2結(jié)構(gòu)(structure)

3時態(tài)和語態(tài)(tensesandvoices)

4句法功能(syntacticfunction)

LeadinXiaoMingwantstoplay①cellphonegameseverydayandhisdreamistoplay②videogamesforthreedaysandnightscontinuously.Buthehassomuchhomeworktodo③.Inordertohave④achancetoplay③cellphonegames，XiaoMingdecidestostudy①hardtoget④ahighscore.Hereallyhopesthathisfatherwillallowhimtoplay⑤cellphonegameseveryday.Toobtain⑥suchachanceisnoteasy.Section2自主探究：動詞不定式的基本概念：動詞不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，因to后的動詞不受人稱、數(shù)量、時態(tài)的限定，所以稱“to+動詞原形”為動詞不定式。動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種，在句中不能充當(dāng)謂語。一、不定式的形式語態(tài)形式時態(tài)形式主動被動一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone1時態(tài)1）WehopetovisitBeijingsoon.兩個動作或狀態(tài)幾乎同時/在謂語之后發(fā)生Theworkerspretendedtobeworkinghardwhenthebosscamein.動作同時發(fā)生I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.謂語動作發(fā)生之前,不定式動作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能繼續(xù)4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前2.語態(tài)1)一般被動式:tobedoneHelikestobepraised.2)完成被動式:tohavebeendoneHethoughtitanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty.合作解疑1.Hetried_____________(overcome)thedifficulties.2.Iwasoneofthefive_______________(choose).3.Hepretended_______________(read)whentheteachercamein.4.Sheisproud________________(break)arecord.5.Heishappy____________________(praise)bytheteacher.Section3精講點(diǎn)撥動詞的不定式形式在句子中作什么成分①作住語②作表語③作定語④作狀語⑤作賓補(bǔ)⑥作賓語1.主語Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearn.不定式作主語時,往往放在謂語之后,用it作形式主語.2.表語Myjobistoprotecttheworld.Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.3.賓語Iwanttogohome.Helikestoplaybasketball.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.常接todo作賓語的動詞有：agree,appear,ask,attempt；choose,claim(宣布)；dare(敢于),decide,demand,determine；expect,fail,get,guarantee；hate,hope,hurry；intend(意圖,打算),learn,manage,offer;plan,prepare,pretend(假裝),promise；refuse,seem,tend,threaten,try；want,wish等。．不定式作賓補(bǔ)(1)在很多動詞后都可以用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，如ask，want，invite，get，force，expect，allow，persuade，order，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，forbid，advise，teach等。Iamwritingtoinviteyoutocometomybirthdayparty.我寫信邀請您來參加我的生日晚會。(2)下列動詞(短語)接省略to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：“一感”(feel)，“二聽”(hear，listento)，“三使”(let，have，make)，“五看”(see，notice，observe，watch，lookat)，“半幫助”(help)，但在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時需加to。Ioftenhearthegirlsingthesongwhichispopularrecently.＝Thegirlisoftenheardtosingthesongwhichispopularrecently.我經(jīng)常聽到這個小女孩唱這首最近很流行的歌。5.定語(常常表示將來的動作)不定式作定語時，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之后。Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他總是第一個來。Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會。Ladiesandgentlemen,Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2.當(dāng)名詞被thefirst,thelast,theonly等詞以及形容詞最高級修飾時eg:Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.Thelastonetoleavetheclassroomshouldturnoffthelight.3.也可用在have…todo和therebe句型中Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.Ihavenojewelrytowear.4.如果不定式是不及物動詞,則后面需適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite____.Shehasanicepentowrite_____.Heboughtaflatforthefamilytolive____.不定式作狀語(1)不定式作目的狀語時，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用inordertodo，soastodo，todo等，但soastodo不能置于句首。Igotupearlysoasto/inorderto/tocatchtheearlybusinthemorning.我早晨早起是為了趕早班車。(2)不定式作結(jié)果狀語時，常用于too...todo，enoughto，so/such...asto結(jié)構(gòu)中。only/justtodo常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。IaskedMumtoputupthetentexcitedly，onlytobetoldthetenthadbeenleftbehind.我興沖沖地讓媽媽搭帳篷，卻被告知忘帶帳篷了。EverytimeIprepareforanimportantexamination，Iwillbetooanxioustofallasleep.每次我準(zhǔn)備重要考試時，我都會因太焦慮而睡不著。(3)在behappy/glad/sorry/sad/surprisedtodosth.結(jié)構(gòu)中作原因狀語。IamextremelygladtoknowthatyouarecomingtoChinaforavisitduringthesummerholiday.我很高興得知暑假你要來中國旅游。7.獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)tobefrank,tobeexacttobegin/startwithtosumuptobehonest,totell(you)thetruth8.不定式與疑問詞who,which,when,how,what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.他不知道說什么。(賓語)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.如何解決這個問題很重要。(主語)Myquestioniswhentostart.我的問題是什么時候開始。(表語)下列動詞或詞組既可以接動名詞作賓語，也可以接不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth.打算做某事,meandoingsth.意味著做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgettodosth.忘記去做某事未做,forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事已做))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(regrettodosth.對即將做的事表示遺憾未做,regretdoingsth.對做過的事表示遺憾/后悔已做))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.盡力/努力去做某事,trydoingsth.試著做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(goontodosth.繼續(xù)做另外一件事,goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做原來做的事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(remembertodosth.記著去做某事未做,rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事已做))Section4當(dāng)堂達(dá)標(biāo)選擇題1.Ourmasteroftentoldus___thingsforgranted.A.tonottaveB.nottotakeC.didn’ttakeD.nottake2.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter_____afterdrinking.A.NevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_____,todayhewasmade_____byhislittlesister.A.cry,tocryB.crying,cryingC.cry,cryD.tocry,cry4.“Haveyoudecidedwhen_____?”“Yes,tomorrowmorning.”A.toleaveB.tobeleavingC.willyouleaveD.areyouleaving5.Shepretended_____mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen6.–Thelightintheofficeisstillon.--Oh,Iforgot_______.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff7.Goon______theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.A.todoB.doingC.withD.tobedoing8.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_______onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest當(dāng)堂達(dá)標(biāo)（語法填空）：用正確的詞的形式填空。1.Robertissaid______________(study)abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_____________(make)itmoredifficult.3.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___________(expect)inmynewjob.4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains___________(see)whethertheywillenjoyit.5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows________________.(what,dowith)6.Themotherdidn’tknowwho_________(blame)forthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.7.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade________(learn).Healwaysworkshard.8.Weagreed__________(meet)herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim__________.Homework(improve)myEnglishgrammar,IwatchedsomevideosmadebyRainbow.Iwanted________(make)surethatmygrammarwasasgoodasitcouldbe.Rainbowhelpedme____________(understand)somecomplexgrammaticalpoints.Itisimp