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精品精品感謝下載載感謝下載載出東方。出東方。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用于下面幾情況:1)描述當(dāng)前時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。在這種情景中,句子常帶有表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):always,everyday,often,onceaweek(month,year,etc。),sometimes,seldom,usually等等,以表示句中的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是習(xí)慣性的、經(jīng)常性的。例如:Theyraiseducksasasideline。他們以養(yǎng)鴨為副業(yè)。Shedoesn'toftenwritetoherfamily,onlyonceamonth.她不常給家里寫(xiě)信,僅一月一封而已。Icycletoworkeveryday。我每天騎自行車(chē)上班。Itseldomrainshere。這兒很少下雨。2)僅為了描述狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征、能力等等。這里的目的是為了"描述現(xiàn)階段的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)",其重點(diǎn)"不是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、或進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)"。例如:Hecanspeakfiveforeignlanguages。他能說(shuō)五種外語(yǔ)。Thatisabeautifulcity。那是座美麗的城市。ChangjiangRiverisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.長(zhǎng)江是世界上最長(zhǎng)的河流之一。Shemajorsinmusic。她主修音樂(lè)。Allmyfamilylovefootball。我全家人都喜歡足球。Mysisterisalwaysreadytohelpothers.我妹妹總是樂(lè)于助人。陳述客觀事實(shí)、客觀真理。顧名思義,客觀的情況是"沒(méi)有時(shí)間概念"的;也"不會(huì)在意動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)"。例如:Thesunrisesintheeast。日
Theearthgoesaroundthesun。地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。Tenminustwoiseight。十減二用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的副詞,除了上面提到的一些表示頻率的以外,常見(jiàn)的還有:Theearthgoesaroundthesun。地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。Tenminustwoiseight。十減二用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的副詞,除了上面提到的一些表示頻率的以外,常見(jiàn)的還有:now,today,nowadaysTheUnitedStatesliesbythewestcoastofthePacificOcean.美國(guó)位于太平洋西岸。根據(jù)英文語(yǔ)法規(guī)定,當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí),那么時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如:I'lltellhimthenewswhenhecomesback.他回來(lái)時(shí),我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。Ifyoutakethejob,theywilltalkwithyouingreaterdetails。如果你接受這份工作,他們將和你談?wù)劶?xì)節(jié)。
一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要是用來(lái)描述在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。它也可以用來(lái)表示在過(guò)去某段時(shí)間里經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。這一點(diǎn)在表達(dá)意義上與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)相同,只是所在的時(shí)間區(qū)域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此,所以在使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子里常常有一個(gè)意義較具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀別之一。語(yǔ)。這也是它與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的最大區(qū)
別之一。一般過(guò)去時(shí)由謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示,也就是說(shuō)動(dòng)詞詞末要加-ed(除不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞外)。常和一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:lastnight(week,month,year,century,etc。),yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterdaymorning(afternoon,evening),in1999,twohoursago(oneweekago,treeyearsago,…)等等。使用一般過(guò)去時(shí),在某種意義上說(shuō)就是要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在于過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)候。"過(guò)去"的時(shí)間概念有兩層意思:一是指"現(xiàn)在某個(gè)時(shí)間"以前的時(shí)間;二是指"說(shuō)話、寫(xiě)文章的那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)"以前的時(shí)間,在這個(gè)意義上,"現(xiàn)在的那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)"是很小很小的,甚至于小到無(wú)法量化的程度。例如:Hegothisdrivinglicense--Where'sJim?吉姆在哪里?--Hejustwentout。他剛剛出去。一般將來(lái)時(shí)概念:一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。一、常見(jiàn)的將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,thisafternoon,thisyear,beforelong,inthefuture,someday(將來(lái)的某一天),nextyear,nextSunday,soon,intendays(十天后)等二、一般將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形lastmonth.他上個(gè)月拿到了駕照。~。動(dòng)詞一般將來(lái)時(shí),表示將要發(fā)生lastmonth.他上個(gè)月拿到了駕照。(所有人稱(chēng)都可以用will,shall只用于I,We后面)如:肯定式:Theywillfinishtheworknextweek.否定式:Theywon’tfinishtheworknextweek.疑問(wèn)式:Willtheyfinishtheworknextweek?Yes,theywill./No,theywon’t.(注意:不能用Yes,they’ll.)特殊疑問(wèn)句:Howmanybookswillyougiveus?I’llgiveyouthirtybooks.主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)goingto+動(dòng)詞原形~。begoingto,表打算,準(zhǔn)備計(jì)劃將來(lái)干;表可能,有必然,通過(guò)現(xiàn)象來(lái)判斷。如:I’mgoingtoseeafilmthisevening.今晚上我打算去看電影。It’sgoingtorain.天要下雨Wearen’tgoingtohaveanylessonsnextweek.我們下周不上課。will/shall和begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別對(duì)于事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮的打算、計(jì)劃,應(yīng)使用begoingto結(jié)構(gòu)。Whyareyoutakingdownallthepictures?Iamgoingtorepaintthewall.對(duì)于事先未經(jīng)過(guò)考慮的打算、計(jì)劃,而是臨時(shí)起意,則用will結(jié)構(gòu)。常見(jiàn)于會(huì)話時(shí),乙聽(tīng)了甲的話做出的反應(yīng)。Whereisthetelephonebook?I’llgoandgetitforyou.表示即將發(fā)生某事時(shí),兩者區(qū)別不大,多可互換。Whatisgoingtohappen?Whatwillhappen?了。來(lái),will則表示較遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)。begoing了。來(lái),will則表示較遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)。正式的通知等多用will.4.其他一般將來(lái)時(shí)表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu):少數(shù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞如go,come,start,arrive等,當(dāng)表示根據(jù)規(guī)定時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示。Mytrainleavesat6:30.我乘的火車(chē)將在6:30開(kāi)。另外,時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,“主將從現(xiàn)”I’llletyouknowassoonasIhearfromhim.He’llgofishingifitisfinetomorrow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。go,come,leave,arrive,start,stay,return等表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞,可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。I’mgoingtotheparkwithmyparentsonvacation.beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形,Theconcertisabouttobegin.音樂(lè)會(huì)即將開(kāi)始。be+動(dòng)詞不定式,表示安排或計(jì)劃好的動(dòng)作。Thereistobeasportsmeetingnextweek.語(yǔ)法練習(xí):用適當(dāng)形式填空ItbeWednesdaytomorrow.Bettywritetohergrandmanextweek.youpleasegivehimthisletter?Ineverdothatagain.Shehasboughtsomecloth;shemakeherselfadress.Oh,whataheavybox!Ican’tliftit.表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。What!Icarryitforyou.表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。InChina,whereveryou(go),you(see)friendlypeople.LaoZhaohassavedsomemoneyandhe(buy)aTVset.TheexpressfromBeijingtoShanghaiat8:45.單選Wegohomeuntilwefinishthework.Adon’tBwon’tCwillTomsixyearsoldnextmonth.AwillbeBwillisCisgoingtoLookattheclouds?Itrain.AisgoingBwillbeCisgoingtoWegohomeuntilwefinishthework.Adon’tBwon’tCwillWemusttakethesickmantohospital.He.AisdyingBisgoingtodieCwilldieCouldyoutellmethemeeting.AwhenshallwehaveBwhenwewouldhaveCwhentohaveI’lltalktohimwhenhe.AcomeBwillcomeCcomesDcameIdon’tknowifittomorrow.ArainsBwillrainCisrainDisrainingThereaschoolthreeyearsago.AwereBusetohaveCusedtobeDwillbe英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)的幾種轉(zhuǎn)換英語(yǔ)中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換,以下是幾種常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換形式:一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達(dá)方式:①瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間+ago”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中;②瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ),與一段時(shí)間連用;③瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Itis+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中,表示“自從……以來(lái)有……時(shí)間”的意思,主句一般用itis來(lái)代替Ithasbeen;④瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Sometimehaspassedsince+一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看:A。HejoinedtheLeaguetwoyearsago。HehasbeenintheLeaguefortwoyears。ItistwoyearssincehejoinedtheLeague。D。TwoyearshaspassedsincehejoinedtheLeague。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”,如atwork(在工作),atschool(上學(xué)、上課)等。此短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看:Peterisatwork,butMikeisatplay。Peterisworking,butMikeisplaying?,F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o,come,leave,start,arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:Iamcoming,Mum!意為“我就來(lái),媽媽?zhuān) 闭?qǐng)看:Thetrainisleavingsoon。Thetrainwillleavesoon?!癰egoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”與“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換“begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”、表示打算、計(jì)劃要做的事;將來(lái)時(shí)“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)時(shí),常用助動(dòng)詞shall。在口語(yǔ)中,所有人稱(chēng)都可以用will。請(qǐng)看:WearegoingtovisittheGreatWallnextSunday。WeshallvisittheGreatWallnextSunday。表示將來(lái)的五種非時(shí)態(tài)方式、“be+不定式”:表示命令、安排、傾向或必須、義務(wù)等。如:SheistoplayJuliet。她扮演朱麗葉。Youaretomakethenecessarychanges。你要做出必要的改變。、“beaboutto+不定式”:表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,有“即將”的意思,但不能和具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:Thepackageisabouttocomeunwrapped。那個(gè)包快散開(kāi)了。、“begoing+不定式”:表示按計(jì)劃或安排打算去做某事,或表示有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事。如:
Wearegoingtocallherthisevening。我們打算今晚給她打電話。Mysister’sgoingtohaveababythissummer。我姐姐今年夏天要生孩子。4、用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái):主要表示按規(guī)定或時(shí)間預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的事。如:ThestudentsareleavingonSunday。學(xué)生們星期日出發(fā)。We’rehavingapartynextweek。我們下星期將開(kāi)一個(gè)晚會(huì)。5、用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái):表示按規(guī)定或時(shí)間預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的事。如:Wehaveaholidaytomorrow。我們明天放假。Thetrainleavesat10:04thisevening?;疖?chē)今晚10:04分開(kāi)。must表示推測(cè)
must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測(cè),意為"一定"。must表對(duì)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí),must后面通常接系動(dòng)詞be的原形或行為動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式。Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)判斷)Hemustbeworkinginhisoffice.他一定在辦公室工作呢。比較:Hemustbestayingthere.他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。Hemuststaythere。他必須呆在那。must表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí),must要接完成式。Ididn'thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.必是睡著了。我剛才沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到電話,我想
必是睡著了。must表示對(duì)過(guò)去某時(shí)正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè),must后面要接不定式的完成進(jìn)行式。---Whydidn'tyouanswermyphonecall?---Well,Imusthavebeensleeping,soIdidn'thearit。否定推測(cè)用can't。IfTomdidn'tleavehereuntilfiveo'clock,hecan'tbehomeyet.如果湯姆五點(diǎn)才離開(kāi)這兒,他此時(shí)一定還未到家。比較haveto和must兩詞都是'必須'的意思,haveto表示客觀的需要,must表示說(shuō)話人主觀上的看法,既主觀上的必要。Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厲害,我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來(lái)。(客觀上需要做這件Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他說(shuō)他們必須努力工作。(主觀上要做這件事)haveto有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化,而must只有一種形式。但must可用于間接引語(yǔ)中表示過(guò)去的必要或義務(wù)。Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday。在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中:don'thaveto表示"不必"mustn't表示"禁止",Youdon'thavetotellhimaboutit.你不一定要把此事告訴他。Youmustn'ttellhimaboutit.你一定不要把這件事告訴他。比較may和might表示允許或請(qǐng)求;表示沒(méi)有把握的推測(cè);may放在句首,表示祝愿。事事)MayGodblessyou!Hemightbeathome。注意:might表示推測(cè)時(shí),不表示時(shí)態(tài)。只是可能性比may小。成語(yǔ):may/mightaswell,后面接不帶to的不定式,意為"不妨"。Ifthatisthecase,wemayaswelltry。典型例題Peter___comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet。A.mustB.mayC.canD.will答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可從后半句推出。比較can和beableto1)cancould表示能力;可能(過(guò)去時(shí)用could),只用于現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式(could)。Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他很快就能告訴你消息了。只用beabletoa.位于助動(dòng)詞后。b.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后。表示過(guò)去某時(shí)刻動(dòng)作時(shí)。用于句首表示條件。表示成功地做了某事時(shí),只能用was/wereableto,不能用could。HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout。=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout。注意:could不表示時(shí)態(tài)提出委婉的請(qǐng)求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。---CouldIhavethetelevisionon?---Yes,youcan./No,youcan'tcan't。beableto可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。2)在否定,疑問(wèn)句中表示推測(cè)或懷疑。Hecouldn'tbeabadman.他不大可能是壞人。比較so和such其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such是形容詞,修飾名詞或名詞詞組,so是副詞,只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many,few,much,little連用,形成固定搭配。so+adj.such+a(n)+n。so+adj.+a(n)+n.such+n.(pl。)so+adj.+n.(pl。)such+n.(pl。)so+adj.+n.[不可數(shù)]such+n.[不可數(shù)]sofoolishsuchafoolsoniceaflowersuchaniceflowersomany/fewflowerssuchniceflowerssomuch/littlemoney.suchrapidprogresssomanypeoplesuchalotofpeoplesomany已成固定搭配,alotof雖相當(dāng)于many,但alotof為名詞性的,只能用such搭配。so???that與such?that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式是初中英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)之一,也是每年中考英語(yǔ)試題的考點(diǎn)之一。它是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式,沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,不能單獨(dú)作句子的謂語(yǔ)。其構(gòu)成形式為"to+動(dòng)詞原形",to為動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào),本身無(wú)意義。動(dòng)詞不定式具有兩大特點(diǎn):.具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn),因此,后面可以跟表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ),構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn),可以在句子中用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ)等。下面以近幾年全國(guó)部分省市的中考英語(yǔ)試題為例,對(duì)不定式的難點(diǎn)以及它在中考英語(yǔ)中的考查點(diǎn),作一簡(jiǎn)要的總結(jié)和分析,供同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)參考。一、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)It'sourdutytheroomeveryday.A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans(甘肅?。㊣t'shardforusEnglishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning(江西?。┙ㄔ爝@座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM(fèi)工人們一年多的時(shí)間。Itwilltheworkersoverayeartheflyover.(北京市海淀區(qū))It'sveryniceyoutogetmetwoticketstheWorldCup.A.for,ofB.of,forC.to,forD.of,to(安徽省)Keys:1.A2.C3.take,to,build4.B[簡(jiǎn)析]動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面的主語(yǔ)位置,也可以用先行詞it作形式主語(yǔ),而將真正的主語(yǔ)(不定式)置于后面。常見(jiàn)的句式有:(1)Itis+形容詞(ofsb)todosth.(2)Itis+名詞(forsb)todosth.(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth.(4)Itis+形容詞(forsb)todosth.句式(1)中常用nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,
careless等形容詞,與介詞of搭配,這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)的屬性或性質(zhì);句式(4)中常用hard,difficult,easy,important等形容詞,與介詞for搭配,表示不定式表示的動(dòng)作、行為的性質(zhì)。二、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)Hewantssomevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys(山西?。〥on'tforgetyourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking(福建?。〩efounditverydifficult.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep(湖南省)Keys:1.C2.A3.D[簡(jiǎn)析]在want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,begin,start,seem,decide,hate,choose,forget,remember等動(dòng)詞后面,可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如果其后接形容詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),則可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而把作真正賓語(yǔ)的不定式放到后面。三、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)RobertoftenasksushisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith(江蘇?。㎝rLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriendsChinesefood.Key:1.B2.CA.cookB.cooksC.tocookKey:1.B2.C[簡(jiǎn)析]不定式可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。后面可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:ask,teach,expect,tell,allow等。四、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)Shewentherteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing(江西?。㎝eimeilikesEnglishverymuch.ShedoesherbestEnglishwell.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns(四川省)Key:1.A2.C[簡(jiǎn)析]go,come,try,do/tryone'sbest等動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí),其后常常可以接不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。I'msorrythat.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearI'msorryyou.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled(吉林?。㎝ymotherwasverygladheroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets(甘肅?。㎏eys:3.D4.B5.A[簡(jiǎn)析]"be+形容詞+todosth"結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式作狀語(yǔ),常表示原因或方式。Thepandaissofatthatitcan'tgothroughthehole.(改為意思相同的句子)Theholesuchafatpandatogothrough.(廣東省)D.tohear(河北?。㏕heiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateD.tohear(河北?。㏕heiceonthelakewasn'tenoughpeople.廣東省()Keys:6.is,too,small,for7.thick,for,to,skate,on[簡(jiǎn)析]在上述"too+形容詞/副詞(forsb)todo…”(太而不能)和"enough(forsb)todo…"(足以、足夠……做……)結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。五、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)Wouldyoulikesomething?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks(湖北省)Ihavealotofhomework.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo(河南?。〩eisnotaneasymanA.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith(山東省)Key:1.C2.D3.D[簡(jiǎn)析]不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),常放在被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之后,與被修飾的詞語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系;如果不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞,構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞。六、不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式Wesawhimthebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered(河南?。㏒omuchworkusuallymakesthemverytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel(吉林省)Yourfatherissleeping.You'dbetter.A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup(陜西?。㊣wasmademyhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doB.doingC.todoD.did(貴州?。㎏ey:1.B2.D3.C4.C[簡(jiǎn)析]1.在see,watch,hear,feel等感官動(dòng)詞和make,have,let等使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式不帶to.但是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式要帶to(let沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。2.在"hadbetter"后面接不帶to的不定式。七、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式MrBlackaskedthemanthequeue.A.nottojumpB.tonotjumpC.didn'tjumpD.notjumpTheoldmantoldthechildnoisy.A.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot(湖北?。㏕hereisgoingtoanimportantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetrylate.A.have,nottobeB.have,notbeC.be,nottobeD.be,notbe(內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū))Key:1.A2.B3.C[簡(jiǎn)析]動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符號(hào)to的前面加上not,如果是不帶to的不定式就直接在動(dòng)詞原形前面加上not.八、某些動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的區(qū)別Pleasestoparestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.(廣西壯族自治區(qū))haveD.has(廣西壯族自治區(qū))——Whydidn'tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?——Sorry,Iforgotsomemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took(湖北?。狶et'shavearest,shallwe?——Notnow,Ican'tstoptheletters.A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwrite(湖北省)Jimwasbadlyhurt,sohehadtostop(walk).(用所給單詞的正確形式填空)(四川?。㎏ey:1.A2.C3.C4.walking[簡(jiǎn)析]一些常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的區(qū)別如下:"stoptodosth"意為"停止正doingsth"意為"停止正在做的事":"remembertodosth"意為"記住去做某事"(事還未做),"rememberdoingsth"意為"記得做過(guò)某事"(事已做):"goontodosth"意為"接著做某事"(做完一事,接著做另一事),"goondoingsth"意為"繼續(xù)做某事"(一事未做完接著往下做):"forgettodosth"意為"忘了做某事"(事還未做),"forgetdoingsth"意為"忘了曾做過(guò)某事"(事已做)。WhenIwaswalkinginthestreetIsawaplaneovermyhead.A.fliesB.flyingC.flewD.tofly(福建?。〢womansawitwhenshewaswalkingpast.A.happenB.happensC.happeningD.tohappen(黑龍江省)在做的事情去做另外一件事","stopKey:5.B6.A((大連市)[簡(jiǎn)析]在see,hear,watch,feel等感官動(dòng)詞后面可接不帶to的不定式,也可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),用不定式表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程(動(dòng)作已結(jié)束),用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行(動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束)。九、動(dòng)詞不定式的省略及其符號(hào)to的保留Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithus?Yes,.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?A.IwouldB.IwouldlikeC.IliketoD.I'dliketo(浙江?。¦ouldyouliketogoforapicnicwithus?.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?A.No,Ican'tB.Yes,I'mgladC.Yes,I'dlovetoD.I'dlikeKeys:1.D2.C[簡(jiǎn)析]在口語(yǔ)中,動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在上下文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)時(shí),第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式可以省略,但是to不可省略。這種用法常見(jiàn)于"begladto","wouldlike(love)to","haveto"等結(jié)構(gòu)中。十、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式和其他形式Thenewhospitalisnearthefactory.A.buildB.buildsC.tobuildD.tobebuilt(青海省)Key:D[簡(jiǎn)析]當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者(賓語(yǔ))時(shí),用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式,即:tobe+過(guò)去分詞;如果不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前,不定式用完成式,即:tohave+過(guò)去分詞;如果不定式表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,用不定式的進(jìn)行式,即:tobe+現(xiàn)在分詞比較and和or并列結(jié)構(gòu)中,or通常用于否定句,and用于肯定句。但有時(shí)and也可用于否定句。請(qǐng)注意其不同特點(diǎn):Thereisnoairorwaterinthemoon。Thereisnoairandnowateronthemoon。在否定中并列結(jié)構(gòu)用or連接,但含有兩個(gè)否定詞的句子實(shí)際被看作是肯定結(jié)構(gòu),因此要用and。典型例題---Idon'tlikechicken___fish.---Idon'tlikechicken,___Ilikefishverymuch。A.and;andB.and;butC.or;butD.or;and答案Co否定句中表并列用or,判斷改錯(cuò):(錯(cuò))Wewilldiewithoutairandwater。(錯(cuò))Wecan'tlivewithoutairorwater。(對(duì))Wewilldiewithoutairorwater。(對(duì))Wecan'tlivewithoutairandwater。單詞及詞組分組辨析clothes,cloth,clothingclothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù),cloth指布,為不可數(shù)名詞clothing服裝的總稱(chēng)指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleofincident,accidentincident指小事件,accident指不幸的事故Hewaskilledintheaccident.but表轉(zhuǎn)折。amount,numberbut表轉(zhuǎn)折。amount后接不可數(shù)名詞,number后接可數(shù)名詞anumberofstudentsfamily,house,homehome家,包括住處和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成員。Myfamilyisahappyone.sound,voice,noisesound自然界各種各樣的聲音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.photo,picture,drawingphoto用照相機(jī)拍攝的照片,picture可指相片,圖片,電影片,drawing畫(huà)的畫(huà)Let'sgoandseeagoodpicture.vocabulary,wordvocabulary詞匯,一個(gè)人擁有的單詞量,word具體的單詞Hehasalargevocabulary.population人口,人數(shù),people具體的人Chinahasalargepopulation.weather,climateweather一天內(nèi)具體的天氣狀況,climate長(zhǎng)期的氣候狀況Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.road,street,path,wayroad具體的公路,馬路,street街道,path小路,小徑,way道路,途徑takethisroad;inthestreet,Showmethewaytothemuseum.course,subjectcourse課程(可包括多門(mén)科目),subject科目(具體的學(xué)科)asummercoursecustom,habitcustom傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗,習(xí)俗,8.population,people也可指生活習(xí)慣,后接todo,8.population,people生活習(xí)慣,習(xí)慣成自然,后接ofdoing.I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.cause,reasoncause指造成某一事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的直接原因,后接ofsth./doingsth,reason用來(lái)解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果的理由,后接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglateexercise,exercises,practiceexercise運(yùn)動(dòng),鍛煉(不可數(shù)),exercises練習(xí)(可數(shù)),practice(反復(fù)做的)練習(xí)。Practicemakesperfect.class,lesson作“課”解時(shí),兩者可以替換。指課文用lesson.指班級(jí)或全體學(xué)生用class.Lesson6;Class5speech,talk,lecturespeech指在公共場(chǎng)所所做的經(jīng)過(guò)準(zhǔn)備的較正式的演說(shuō),talk日常生活中的一般的談話,講話,lecture學(xué)術(shù)性的演講,講課aseriesoflectureon…officer,officialofficer部隊(duì)的軍官,official政府官員anarmyofficerwork,job二者均指工作。work不可數(shù),job可數(shù)agoodjob。couple,paircouple主要指人或動(dòng)物,pair多指由兩部分組成的東西apairoftrouserscountry,nation,state,landcountry側(cè)重指版圖,疆域,nation指人民,國(guó)民,民族,state側(cè)重指政府,政體,land國(guó)土,
國(guó)家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.cook,cookercook廚師,cooker廚具Heisagoodcook.damage,damagesdamage不可數(shù)名詞,損害,損失;damages復(fù)數(shù)形式,賠償金$900damagespolice,policemanpolice警察的總稱(chēng),后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,policeman指某個(gè)具體的警察Tblem,questionproblem常和困難連系,前面的動(dòng)詞常為thinkabout,solve,raise,question常和疑問(wèn)連系,多和ask,answer連用。man,amanman人類(lèi),aman一個(gè)男chick,chicken二者均可指小雞,chicken還可以當(dāng)雞肉Thechickenisdelicious.telegram,telegraph當(dāng)電報(bào)解時(shí),telegram指具體的,telegraph指抽象的atelegram,bytelegraphtrip,journey,travel,voyagetravel是最常用的,trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍長(zhǎng)的旅途,voyage指海上航行athree-daytripsport,gamesport多指戶(hù)外的游戲或娛樂(lè)活動(dòng),如打球,游泳,打獵,賽馬等;game指決定勝負(fù)的游戲,通常有一套人Manwillconquernature.30.price,prize規(guī)則Hisfavorite人Manwillconquernature.30.price,prizeprice價(jià)格,prize獎(jiǎng),獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金winthefirstprizeThepriceishigh/lowanumberof,thenumberofanumberof許多,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。thenumberof…的數(shù)目,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof范圍外的前面,inthefrontof范圍內(nèi)的前面Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.oftheday,ofadayoftheday每一天的,當(dāng)時(shí)的,當(dāng)代的,ofaday暫時(shí)的,不長(zhǎng)久的afamousscientistofthedaythreeofus,thethreeofusthreeofus我們(不止三個(gè))中的三個(gè),thethreeofus我們?nèi)齻€(gè)(就三個(gè)人)Thethreeofus---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.bybus,onthebusbybus表手段,方式,不用冠詞,onthebus表范圍Theywenttherebybus.foramoment,forthemomentforamoment片刻,一會(huì)兒,forthemoment暫時(shí),一時(shí)Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.nextyear,thenextyearnextyear明年,將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),thenextyear第二年,過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.morethanayear,morethanoneyearmorethanayear一年多,morethanoneyear超過(guò)一年(兩年或三年等)takeadvice,takethe(one's)advicetakeadvice征求意見(jiàn),taketheadvice接受忠告Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.takeair,taketheairtakeair傳播,走漏,taketheair到戶(hù)外去,散步Wetaketheaireveryday.inaword,inwordsinaword總之,一句話,inwords口頭上Inaword,youareright.inplaceof,intheplaceofinplaceof代替,intheplaceof在?…地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.insecret,inthesecretinsecret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作狀語(yǔ);inthesecret知道內(nèi)情,知道秘密,一般用作表語(yǔ)Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.agirl,onegirlagirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一個(gè)女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?takeachair,takethechairtakeachair相當(dāng)于sitdown坐下,takethechair開(kāi)始開(kāi)會(huì)inchargeof,inthechargeofinchargeof管理,
負(fù)責(zé)照料,inthechargeof由照料Heisinchargeofthematter.Thematterisinthechargeofher.inclass,intheclassinclass在課上,intheclass在班級(jí)里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.onfire,onthefireonfire著火,onthefire在火上Putthefoodonthefire.Thehouseisonfire.outofquestion,outofthequestionoutofquestion毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的,outofthequestion不可能的asecond,thesecondasecond又一,再一,thesecond第Hewonthesecondprize.byday,bythedaybyday白天,bytheday按天計(jì)算Theworkersarepaidbytheday.thepeople,apeoplethepeople指人,apeople指民族TheChineseisapeace-lovingpeople.it,oneit同一物體,one同類(lèi)不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.that,thisthat指代上文所提到的,this導(dǎo)出下文所要說(shuō)的Iwasill.That'swhynone,nothing,noonenone強(qiáng)調(diào)有多少,nothing,noone強(qiáng)調(diào)有沒(méi)有,nothing指物,noone指人---Howmany…/How60.anyone,anyonemuch…?——None.
60.anyone,anyoneanyone指人,不能接of,anyone指人物均可,可接ofanyoneofyouwho,whatwho指姓名或關(guān)系,what指職業(yè)或地位Whatisyourdad?Heisateacher.what,whichwhat的選擇基礎(chǔ)是無(wú)限制的,which在一定范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?other,anotherother后接名詞復(fù)數(shù),another后接名詞單數(shù)otherstudents,anotherstudentnotalittle,notabitnotalittle非常,notabit一點(diǎn)也不I'mnotabittired.我一點(diǎn)兒也不累。many,much,alotofmany和可數(shù)名詞連用,much和不可數(shù)名詞連用,alotof可數(shù),不可數(shù)均可,但不用于否定句Ihaven'tmanybooks.muchmore…than,manymore…thanmuchmore…than后接形容詞或不可數(shù)名詞,manymore…than后接可數(shù)名詞manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautifulno,notno=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywaternomorethan,notmorethan69.majority,mostnomorethan相當(dāng)于only,僅僅,只有,notmorethan至多,不超過(guò)69.majority,mostmajority只能修飾可數(shù)名詞,most可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可themajorityofpeoplebyoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneselfbyoneself單獨(dú)的,獨(dú)自的,foroneself為自己,tooneself供自己用的,ofoneself自行的,自動(dòng)的Thedooropenedofitself.atall,afterallatall根本,全然,afterall到底,畢竟Afterallheisachild.tall,hightall常指人或動(dòng)物,high常指物體Heistall.fast,quicklyfast側(cè)重于指人或物體具有運(yùn)動(dòng)速度快的特點(diǎn),quickly側(cè)重指某事完成或發(fā)生的快runfast,answerthehigh,highlyhigh具體的高,highly抽象的高,高度的thinkhighlyofhealthy,healthfulhealthy健康的,健壯的,healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercisesleeping,asleep,sleepysleeping正在睡覺(jué),asleep睡著,熟睡,只能做表語(yǔ),sleepy困的,有睡意的asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.gold,goldengold指真金制品,golden指金色的,但金魚(yú)用goldfish,agoldringmost,mostlymost用于表感受的肯定句中,相當(dāng)于very,當(dāng)大部分,大多數(shù)questionquickly解時(shí)是形容詞或名詞,
questionquicklymostly大部分,是副詞mostpeople,thepeoplearemostly…just,veryjust表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是副詞,作狀語(yǔ),very表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是形容詞,用作定語(yǔ)theveryman,justthemanwide,broadwide側(cè)重于一邊到另一邊的距離,broad側(cè)重于幅面的寬廣broadshouldersreal,truereal真的,真實(shí)的,指的是事實(shí)上存在而不是想象的,true真的,真正的,指的是事實(shí)和實(shí)際情況相符合realgold,atruestoryrespectful,respectablerespectful尊敬,有禮貌,respectable可敬的,值得尊敬的berespectfultotheaged二者均可用作副詞,表示向外,外面,outward還可用作形容詞anoutwardvoyagepleasant,pleased,pleasingpleasant常用作定語(yǔ),pleased,pleasing常用作表語(yǔ),pleased主語(yǔ)常為人,pleasing主語(yǔ)常為物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.understanding,understandableunderstanding明白事理的,能體諒的,understandable可理解的,能夠懂的anunderstandinggirl,anunderstandablemistakeclose,closelyclose接近,靠近,closely緊緊地,緊密地closelyconnected,83.outwards,outward87.ill,sickstand83.outwards,outward87.ill,sickill做表語(yǔ),sick定,表均可asickboygood,wellgood形容詞,well副詞,但指身體狀況是形容詞Heiswellagain.quiet,silent,stillquiet安靜的,可以發(fā)出小的聲音,silent不發(fā)出聲音,但可以動(dòng),still完全不動(dòng),完全無(wú)聲響Hestandtherestill.他站在那兒,一動(dòng)不動(dòng),也不說(shuō)話。hard,hardlyhard努力,hardly幾乎不workhard,Icanhardlybelieveit.able,capableable與不定式todo連用,capable與of連用Heiscapableofdoing…almost,nearly二者均為“幾乎,差不多”和否定詞連用用almostalmostnobodylate,latelylate遲,晚,lately最近,近來(lái)Ihaven'tseenhimlately.living,alive,live,livelyliving,alive,live均為活著的,living定表均可,alive定表均可,定語(yǔ)后置,live只能做定語(yǔ),lively意為活波的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealiveexcited,excitingexcited使人興奮的,exciting令人興奮的I'mexcited.Thenewsisexciting.deep,deeplydeep具體的深,deeply抽deep象的深,深深地deeplymoved,dig
deepaloud,loudaloud出聲地,loud大聲地readaloud(出聲地讀)worth,worthy二者均為值得,worth后接doing,worthy后接tobedone126.careabout,careforcareabout關(guān)心,計(jì)較,在乎,一般多用于否定句中;carefor關(guān)心,照料,喜歡,愿意Hedoesn'tcareabouthisclothes.Idon'tcareformovies.catchacold,haveacoldcatchacold不能和表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用,而haveacold可以Shehashadacoldforaweek.changefor,changeintochangefor調(diào)換成,changeinto變成Changetheshirtforabiggerone.Waterchangesintoice.continue,last二者均為持續(xù),continue主動(dòng),被動(dòng)均可,last只能用主動(dòng)Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestoryistobecontinued.feed,raisefeed喂養(yǎng),養(yǎng)活,飼養(yǎng)(togivefoodto),raise飼養(yǎng),養(yǎng)育(causetogrow,bringupchildren)raisethefamilygoforadoctor,gotoadoctorgoforadoctor去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生,gotoadoctor去看病catchsightofnotice,catchsightofnotice注意到,observe觀察,仔細(xì)地看,catchsightof突然看到observethestarsinsiston,sticktoinsiston堅(jiān)持要求,后常接doing,stickto堅(jiān)持,后常接sth.,sticktotheplanlook,seem,appearlook指從外表上看,seem指內(nèi)心的判斷,appear指給人以表面的印象appearwise,looklikehisfathergather,collectgather把分散的東西集中到一起,collect指精心地、有選擇地進(jìn)行收集collectstampsmeantodo,meandoingmeantodo打算,想要做某事,meandoing意思是,意味著B(niǎo)ythisImeangivingthestudentsmorepractice.diefrom,dieofdiefrom表示死于(槍?zhuān)﹤?,虛弱,過(guò)度勞累,飲食過(guò)度等,dieof表示死于疾病,饑餓,寒冷,年老,憂愁,失戀等精神因素dieofhungerandcoldpayfor,payback,payoffpayfor為??付錢(qián),payback還錢(qián),但不一定還清,payoff還清payforthebook,payoffthedebtdivide,separatedivide把一個(gè)整體分成幾部分,separate把連在一起的個(gè)體分開(kāi)dividetheapple,separatethehousesarrive,get,reacharrive不及物動(dòng)詞,后接in(大地點(diǎn)),at(小地點(diǎn)),get不及物動(dòng)詞后接to,reach及物動(dòng)詞arriveinBeijing,gettoBeijing,reachBeijinggrow,plantgrow使某種植物在某地生長(zhǎng)著或使其發(fā)展下去,plant移植,移栽已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)成秧苗的植物plantthetrees,treesaregrowingmanage,trymanagetodo設(shè)法做成了某事,trytodo盡力去做某事但不一定成功Hetriedtopasstheexam,buthefailed.choose,selectchoose憑個(gè)人的判斷力進(jìn)行選擇,select有目的地仔細(xì)認(rèn)真地選擇choosethebestanswerbuild,putup,setup,foundbuild一般用語(yǔ),建成,putup臨時(shí)搭建,setup建成(內(nèi)部的設(shè)施基本齊全),found國(guó)家或組織的建成putupatent,setupaschoolbefamiliarto,befamiliarwithbefamiliarto某物對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是熟悉的,befamiliarwith某人熟悉某物Thebookisfamiliartome.I'mfamiliarwiththebook.agreewith,agreeto,agreeonagreewith同意某人,agreeto同意某事,agreeon在上達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn),主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)agreewithyou,agreetotheplanthrowto,throwatthrowto扔到,throwat朝扔Hethrowastoneatme.receive,acceptreceive收到某一東西,但不一定接受,accept接受Ireceivedagift,butIdidn'tacceptit.wear,puton,dresswear和dress表狀態(tài),wear接衣服等,可用進(jìn)行時(shí),dress接人,bedressedin,puton表動(dòng)作It'scoldoutside.Putonyourwarmclothes.listen,hearlisten強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,hear強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果Ilistened,butIheardnothing.(一)形容詞和副詞要點(diǎn)A.形容詞、形容詞的用法形容詞是用來(lái)修飾、描繪名詞的,通常在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ),有時(shí)還可作狀語(yǔ)。如:Heishonestandhardworking.Ifoundthebookinteresting.某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類(lèi)人作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Therichandthepoorliveindifferentpartsofthecity.TheEnglishliketobewiththeirfamilies.多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞的順序:冠詞+序數(shù)詞+基數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)狀態(tài)(描述性)+形狀大小+新舊老少+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料+名詞。如:thesecondfiveinterestingbignewredChinesewallpapers.、形容詞比較等級(jí)的形式規(guī)則形式
一般說(shuō)來(lái),單音節(jié)詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在后加-er;--est來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí);其他雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞在前加more,most.如:great-greater-greatestbusy-busier-busiestimportant-moreimportant-(the)mostimportant不規(guī)則形式good(well)-better-bestbad(ill)-worse-worstmany(much)-more-mostlittle-less-least形容詞比較等級(jí)的用法①表示兩者的比較,用形容詞的比較級(jí)+than.如:HeisclevererthantheotherThisoneismorebeautifulthanthatone.②表示兩者以上的比較,用"the+形容詞最高級(jí)(+名詞)+of(in)…"如:Heisthecleverestboyinhisclass.③表示兩者是同等程度,用"as+形容詞原級(jí)+as".如:HeisastallasI.Ihaveasmanybooksasyou.④越…越…例如:ThemoreIlearn,thehappierIam.Youcanneverbetoocareful.越小心越好boys.你怎么贊揚(yáng)這個(gè)老師也不過(guò)分。又如:Youcanneverpraisetheteachertoohighly.boys.你怎么贊揚(yáng)這個(gè)老師也不過(guò)分。Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.那一天是最令我擔(dān)心的一天。Ihaveneverhadabetterdinner.這是我吃過(guò)的最好的一頓飯。MyEnglishisnobetterthanyours.我的英語(yǔ)和你的英語(yǔ)都不怎么樣。B.副詞時(shí)間副詞如:ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow等地點(diǎn)副詞如:here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,back,away,outside等。方式副詞如:carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,nervously等。程度副詞如:almost,nearly,much,greatly,abit,alittle,hardly,so,very等。2、副詞比較等級(jí)的用法其用法與形容詞相似,只是副詞最高級(jí)前可省略定冠詞。如:Ofalltheboyshesings(the)mostbeautifully.1、副詞的種類(lèi)Wemustworkharder.3、某些副詞在用法上的區(qū)別already,yet,stillalready表示某事物已經(jīng)發(fā)生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事發(fā)生,主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句;still表示某事還在進(jìn)行,主要用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句,有時(shí)也可用于否定句。如:We'vealreadywatchedthatfilm.Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Hestillworksuntillateeverynight.too,aswell,also,eithertoo,aswell和also用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句,too和aswell多用于口語(yǔ),一般放在句末,而also多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ),一般放在句中與動(dòng)詞連用。either用于否定句和否定的疑問(wèn)句,往往放在Hedidn'tgothereeither.Ilikeyouaswell.Ialsowentthere.hard,hardlyhardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如:Iworkhardeveryday.Icanhardlyrememberthat.late,latelylately意為"最近、近來(lái)",late意為"晚、遲"。如:Henevercomeslate.Haveyoubeentothemuseumlately?例1Tom'sfatherthinksheisalreadyAhighenoughBtall句末。如:Hewenttheretoo.enoughyet".yet".CenoughhighCenoughtall解析:該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞后面。因此該題選B。例2theworseIseemtobe.AWhenItakemoremedicineBThemoremedicineItakeCTakingmoreofthemedicineDMoremedicinetaken解析:該題正確答案為B。"the+形容詞比較級(jí)+…,the+形容詞比較級(jí)+??"意為越?…,越?!?。該句意為:吃的藥越多,我的病越是加重。例3"Ihaven'tbeentoLondon"Ihaven'tbeenthere".AtooBalsoCeitherDneither解析:該題正確答案為C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不",而C-either則用于否定句中,意為"也"。例4MrSmithwasmovedatthenews.AdeepBdeeplyCverydeepDquitedeeply解析:該題正確答案為BoA.deep用于副詞時(shí),修飾具體的深,如digdeep,而B(niǎo)-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞,如該題為deeplymoved.另如deeplyregret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞,不能互相修飾。(二)介詞要點(diǎn)1、介詞和種類(lèi)簡(jiǎn)單介詞,常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without等。復(fù)合介詞,如bymeansof,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。2、介詞和其他詞類(lèi)的習(xí)慣搭配關(guān)系和動(dòng)詞的搭配,如agreewith,askfor,belongto,breakawayfrom,careabout等。和形容詞的搭配,如afraidof,和名詞的搭配,如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,causeof,visitto等.3、介詞短語(yǔ)可以有自己的修飾語(yǔ),這種修飾語(yǔ)通常有right,just,badly,all,well,directly,completely等少數(shù)幾個(gè)副詞。如:Hecamerightafterdinner.Helivesdirectlyoppositetheschool.4、某些介詞的意義與用法舉例at,on,in(表時(shí)間)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at,如atfouro'clock,atmidnight等;表示不確定的時(shí)間或短期假日也用at,如atthattime,atChristmas等。指某天用on,如onMonday,ontheendofNovember,指某天的朝夕用on,如onFridaymorning,ontheafternoonofSeptemberlst等。angrywith,differentfrom,goodat指長(zhǎng)于或短于一天的時(shí)段用in,如inWhatdoyouwantbesidesthis?theafternoon,inFebruary,in(4)inthetree,onthetreeSummer,in1999等。inthetree指動(dòng)物或人在樹(shù)上,而between,among(表位置)onthetree指果實(shí)、樹(shù)葉長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上between僅用于二者之間,但說(shuō)三者(5)ontheway,intheway,bythe或三者以上中的每?jī)蓚€(gè)之間的相互關(guān)系way,inthisway時(shí),也用between,如ontheway指在路上inthewayI'msittingbetweenTomand指擋道Alice.bytheway指順便問(wèn)一句inthisThevillageliesbetweenthreeway用這樣的方法hills.(6)inthecorner,atthecorneramong用于三者或三者以上之間。inthecorner指在拐角內(nèi)atthe如:corner指在拐角外Heisthebestamongthe(7)inthemorning,onthestudents.morningbeside,besidesinthemorning是一般說(shuō)法onbeside意為"在??旁邊",而besidesthemorning特指某一天的早晨意為"除…之外"。如:(8)bybus,onthebusHesatbesideme.確答案為確答案為A外,還有其它可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句的詞類(lèi)。bybus是一般說(shuō)法onthebus特指乘某一輛車(chē)II.例題例1DoyouknowanyotherforeignlanguageEnglish?AexceptBbutCbesideDbesides解析:A、B兩項(xiàng)except等于but,意為"除了??",C-beside意為"在??旁邊”,不符合題意。而D-besides,意為"除了??之外,還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為:除了英語(yǔ)外,你還知道別的語(yǔ)言嗎?例2Hesuddenlyreturnedarainynight.AonBatCinDduring解析:我們均知道,atnight這一短語(yǔ),但如果night前有修飾詞,表具體的夜晚,則要用介詞on來(lái)修飾,故該題正例3I'mlookingforwardyourletter.AtoBinCatDon解析:該題正確答案為A。lookforwardto為固定搭配,意為"期望、盼望"。(三)連詞I.要點(diǎn)1、連詞的種類(lèi)并列連詞用來(lái)連接并列關(guān)系的詞、短語(yǔ)或分句,如and,for,or,both-and,either-or,neither-nor等。從屬連詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句,如that,if,whether,when,after,assoonas等。除了從屬連詞(引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句)它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句),關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞(引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)。2、常用連詞舉例(1)and和,并且Theydrankandsangallnight.both-and和,既??也…BothmyparentsandIwentthere.but但是,而I'msad,butheishappy.either-or或??或?二要么?一要么…Eitheryou'rewrong,orIam.for因?yàn)镮askedhimtostay,forIhadsomethingtotellhim.however然而,可是Affirst,
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