段落寫作(主題句+擴(kuò)展句)課件

段落的寫作主題句擴(kuò)展句擴(kuò)展句擴(kuò)展句段落的寫作主題句擴(kuò)展句擴(kuò)展句擴(kuò)展句1Inthisworld,weshouldthinkmoreofotherpeoplethanofourselves.Bysodoing,ourworldwillbefullofhappiness.This,ofcourse,ismypersonalview.ButitisalessonIhavedrawnfromoneofmyownexperience.Sonow,Iwouldliketosharethatexperiencewithyou,mydearreader.美國編者認(rèn)為：Thisisessentiallyasolid(不錯的)

essay.Thewriterusesananecdote(軼事)

tomakeapoint…Nowwejustneedtogiveitagood,strongtopicsentenceusingthewriter’sownideastoformit.美國編者給這個開頭段擬了下面的主題句：

Alittlegirltaughtmeanimportantlessonabouttheimportanceofthinkingmoreofotherpeoplethanofourselves.OnedayItookaverycrowdedbustoschool…中國學(xué)生作文批改Inthisworld,weshouldthink2Inmychildhood,thereweresomanythingsthatwereworthcallingtomind.Somemademehappy,somemademeexcited,andsomemademesad.Butamongthemwasanunforgettablething,whenIthinkofit,mygoodfriendTongTongwilloccurtome.美國編者認(rèn)為：Thisisamovingstoryaboutfriendswhohavequarreled.Itneedsagoodtopicsentencetobringthereaderintothefeelingsthewriterwantstoconvey(傳達(dá)).美國編者給這個開頭段擬了下面的主題句：

OneofthemostunforgettableexperienceofmychildhoodinvolvesmygoodfriendTongTong.IthappenedwhenIwaseightyearsold…..中國學(xué)生作文批改Inmychildhood,therewereso3主題句的位置

可以是在段落的開始，也可以處于段落的中間或者末尾。也有的段落沒有主題句。

1）主題句在段首JaneandKarenhavemanythingsincommon.

Tobeginwith,bothgirlshavethesamebackground.JanewasbornandraisedintheWest,andsowasKaren.Next,bothgirlsareinterestedinthesamekindsofsubjectsinschool.JanelikesFrench,history,andEnglish.Inthesameway,KarenlikesSpanish,historyandEnglish.Furthermore,bothgirlswanttobeteachers.Janeplanstobecomeanelementaryschoolteacher.ButKarenwantstobeahighschoolteacher.Asyoucansee,thetwogirlsarealmostliketwins.主題句的位置

可以是在段落的開始，也可以處于段落的中間或者末42）主題句在段落中間

CaliforniansandNewEnglandersarebothAmerican.Theyspeakthesamelanguageandabidebythesamefederallaws.Buttheyareverydifferentintheirwaysoflife.Mobility(流動性)bothphysicalandpsychologicalhasmadeagreatimpressiononthecultureofCalifornians;lackofmobilityisthemarkofthecustomsandmoralityofNewEnglanders.3）主題句在段落結(jié)尾

AmericansmightbeembarrassedbecausetheirJapanesefriendsaresoformalwiththem.JapanesemightfeelinsultedbecauseAmericanacquaintances(熟人、朋友)greetthemcasually.Still,theformsofgreetinginbothcountriesonlyshowrespectforothers.

ItjusthappensthatAmericansandJapanesehaveadifferentwayoflookingathumanrelationshipsandthushaveadifferentwayshowingrespect.2）主題句在段落中間

CaliforniansandNe54）段落沒有主題句：英文正規(guī)的文章，尤其是informativewriting很少沒有主題句的，沒有主題句的情況一般出現(xiàn)在記敘文體中。但是也有作者有意隱而不說的情況。

Firstyoumustwaitforasunnyday.Rememberthattheraysofthesunaremostdirectbetween11A.M.and2P.M.Thisisthetimewhenyouwilltanthequickest.Attherighttimeandontherightday,pickanopenspotoutdoorsandlayoutalargetowelorbeachmat.Youmaywanttobringalongseveralthings:suntanoil,aportableradio,abookormagazine,sunglasses,apillow.Itisagoodideanottostayinthesuntoolongatfirst.Beginwithahalfhour,andthengraduallyincreasethetimeyouspendinthesun.Certainpartsofyourbodywillburnmorequicklythanothers.Theseincludethebacksofyourknees,theinsideofyourelbows,yourshoulders,andyournose.Besuretocoverthesespotswithsuntanoilwhenyoufirstgooutside.Coverthemagainwithoilafteryouhavebeenoutsideinthesunforawhile.Takingasunbathcallsforcarefulplanning.4）段落沒有主題句：英文正規(guī)的文章，尤其是informati6主題句放在句首是英語段落寫作中最常見的一種方法。哪一種主題句位置最常見？《中國大學(xué)生作文評改》的中國作者毛榮貴說：“筆者曾就美版的Reader’sDigest和Time兩本期刊的100篇短文做過調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)其中僅有2篇其topicsentence較為模糊，而有68篇的topicsentence均被置于文/段首，其余30篇已經(jīng)將段落的topicsentence升格為小標(biāo)題。”SeePage47:盡管主題句可以出現(xiàn)在段落中的任何位置…主題句放在句首是英語段落寫作中最常見的一種方法。哪一種主題7主題句（TopicSentence）寫作的兩個基本要求：第一:要包含主導(dǎo)思想(thecontrollingidea)；第二：要做到概括和具體的統(tǒng)一。主題句在段落中用于概況段落的主旨大意，準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)作者觀點和態(tài)度。(SeesampletopicsentenceonPage43)“Wehadapleasantsummervacationbutsummervacationalwaysseemsshort.”。注：一個段落要求作者只表達(dá)一個意思，不同的意思要放在另外的段落中表達(dá)。要注意把自己的思想用最切近的語言表達(dá)出來。既不能過于概括，也不能過于具體。(SeesamplesonPage46:1.AmericanFood.2.Hongkong)DoexercisesonPage51:Practice1-2.主題句（TopicSentence）寫作的兩個基本要求：第8Writeatopicsentenceforthefollowingsupportingideas.IthascreatedMs.,atitleforwomencomparabletoMr.formen.TheMovementhaschangedtheendingofseveralcompoundwordsfrom–manto–person.TheMovementisresponsibleforsomenewterms.TheMovementhashadaneffectonthethird-personsingularpronoun.TheWomen’sMovement_________________________________________.hashadseveraleffectsontheEnglishlanguageWriteatopicsentenceforthe9Studentsonthiscampus_________________________________recentlyvoicedseveralcomplaints.Theyvoiceddissatisfactionwiththecampuslighting.Theyexpressedtheirdisgustwiththefoodsoldbythedining-hall.Theyprotestedthegradingpoliciesoftheinstructors.Studentsonthiscampus______10擴(kuò)展句/輔助句（supportingsentences）

寫擴(kuò)展句要注意以下兩點：第一，意義的相關(guān)性（unity）/段落的整體性第二，邏輯的一致性(coherence)/段落的連貫性所有的擴(kuò)展句都必須是主題句的延伸或者證明對主題句能起到支持的作用無論如何都不能超出由主題句限定的范圍根據(jù)各個句子之間的關(guān)系以及與主題句之間的關(guān)系來安排其邏輯順序。要有充足的論證細(xì)節(jié)來說明主題思想用一定的過渡詞來體現(xiàn)這種安排。DoexercisesonPage50:Practice1-1.SeePages52-54SeePages54-66擴(kuò)展句/輔助句（suppo11根據(jù)下面的主題句，思考需要哪些內(nèi)容來支持它：

Springisthemostpleasantseasonoftheyear.

Riversplayaveryimportantpartinourlife.

SeveralfactorshavecontributedtothedifficultyintravelinginChina,butingeneral,therearethreemajorcauses.

Comparedwithcars,bicycleshavemanyadvantages.

Menandwomenareequalathomenow.

Gettingupearlycanhelpyoukeephealthy.

Mr.Petersonisaveryresponsibleteacher.

OfallthesubjectsthatIstudyinschool,IthinkthatEnglishisthemostimportantone.

Theover-growthofpopulationpresentsathreattotheexistenceofhumansociety.

Automobileshavegivenrisetoaseriesofproblems.

MyroommatePaulpossessesthecharacteristicsofagoodstudent.

Althoughworkingisgoodforus,asithelpstrainourbodyandmind,yetthereshouldbealimit.根據(jù)下面的主題句，思考需要哪些內(nèi)容來支持它：

Spring12段落寫作(主題句+擴(kuò)展句)課件13段落寫作(主題句+擴(kuò)展句)課件14段落寫作(主題句+擴(kuò)展句)課件15段落寫作(主題句+擴(kuò)展句)課件16段落寫作(主題句+擴(kuò)展句)課件17段落寫作(主題句+擴(kuò)展句)課件18段落寫作(主題句+擴(kuò)展句)課件19段落寫作(主題句+擴(kuò)展句)課件20段落寫作(主題句+擴(kuò)展句)課件21段落寫作(主題句+擴(kuò)展句)課件22段落寫作(主題句+擴(kuò)展句)課件23段落的寫作主題句擴(kuò)展句擴(kuò)展句擴(kuò)展句段落的寫作主題句擴(kuò)展句擴(kuò)展句擴(kuò)展句24Inthisworld,weshouldthinkmoreofotherpeoplethanofourselves.Bysodoing,ourworldwillbefullofhappiness.This,ofcourse,ismypersonalview.ButitisalessonIhavedrawnfromoneofmyownexperience.Sonow,Iwouldliketosharethatexperiencewithyou,mydearreader.美國編者認(rèn)為：Thisisessentiallyasolid(不錯的)

essay.Thewriterusesananecdote(軼事)

tomakeapoint…Nowwejustneedtogiveitagood,strongtopicsentenceusingthewriter’sownideastoformit.美國編者給這個開頭段擬了下面的主題句：

Alittlegirltaughtmeanimportantlessonabouttheimportanceofthinkingmoreofotherpeoplethanofourselves.OnedayItookaverycrowdedbustoschool…中國學(xué)生作文批改Inthisworld,weshouldthink25Inmychildhood,thereweresomanythingsthatwereworthcallingtomind.Somemademehappy,somemademeexcited,andsomemademesad.Butamongthemwasanunforgettablething,whenIthinkofit,mygoodfriendTongTongwilloccurtome.美國編者認(rèn)為：Thisisamovingstoryaboutfriendswhohavequarreled.Itneedsagoodtopicsentencetobringthereaderintothefeelingsthewriterwantstoconvey(傳達(dá)).美國編者給這個開頭段擬了下面的主題句：

OneofthemostunforgettableexperienceofmychildhoodinvolvesmygoodfriendTongTong.IthappenedwhenIwaseightyearsold…..中國學(xué)生作文批改Inmychildhood,therewereso26主題句的位置

可以是在段落的開始，也可以處于段落的中間或者末尾。也有的段落沒有主題句。

1）主題句在段首JaneandKarenhavemanythingsincommon.

Tobeginwith,bothgirlshavethesamebackground.JanewasbornandraisedintheWest,andsowasKaren.Next,bothgirlsareinterestedinthesamekindsofsubjectsinschool.JanelikesFrench,history,andEnglish.Inthesameway,KarenlikesSpanish,historyandEnglish.Furthermore,bothgirlswanttobeteachers.Janeplanstobecomeanelementaryschoolteacher.ButKarenwantstobeahighschoolteacher.Asyoucansee,thetwogirlsarealmostliketwins.主題句的位置

可以是在段落的開始，也可以處于段落的中間或者末272）主題句在段落中間

CaliforniansandNewEnglandersarebothAmerican.Theyspeakthesamelanguageandabidebythesamefederallaws.Buttheyareverydifferentintheirwaysoflife.Mobility(流動性)bothphysicalandpsychologicalhasmadeagreatimpressiononthecultureofCalifornians;lackofmobilityisthemarkofthecustomsandmoralityofNewEnglanders.3）主題句在段落結(jié)尾

AmericansmightbeembarrassedbecausetheirJapanesefriendsaresoformalwiththem.JapanesemightfeelinsultedbecauseAmericanacquaintances(熟人、朋友)greetthemcasually.Still,theformsofgreetinginbothcountriesonlyshowrespectforothers.

ItjusthappensthatAmericansandJapanesehaveadifferentwayoflookingathumanrelationshipsandthushaveadifferentwayshowingrespect.2）主題句在段落中間

CaliforniansandNe284）段落沒有主題句：英文正規(guī)的文章，尤其是informativewriting很少沒有主題句的，沒有主題句的情況一般出現(xiàn)在記敘文體中。但是也有作者有意隱而不說的情況。

Firstyoumustwaitforasunnyday.Rememberthattheraysofthesunaremostdirectbetween11A.M.and2P.M.Thisisthetimewhenyouwilltanthequickest.Attherighttimeandontherightday,pickanopenspotoutdoorsandlayoutalargetowelorbeachmat.Youmaywanttobringalongseveralthings:suntanoil,aportableradio,abookormagazine,sunglasses,apillow.Itisagoodideanottostayinthesuntoolongatfirst.Beginwithahalfhour,andthengraduallyincreasethetimeyouspendinthesun.Certainpartsofyourbodywillburnmorequicklythanothers.Theseincludethebacksofyourknees,theinsideofyourelbows,yourshoulders,andyournose.Besuretocoverthesespotswithsuntanoilwhenyoufirstgooutside.Coverthemagainwithoilafteryouhavebeenoutsideinthesunforawhile.Takingasunbathcallsforcarefulplanning.4）段落沒有主題句：英文正規(guī)的文章，尤其是informati29主題句放在句首是英語段落寫作中最常見的一種方法。哪一種主題句位置最常見？《中國大學(xué)生作文評改》的中國作者毛榮貴說：“筆者曾就美版的Reader’sDigest和Time兩本期刊的100篇短文做過調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)其中僅有2篇其topicsentence較為模糊，而有68篇的topicsentence均被置于文/段首，其余30篇已經(jīng)將段落的topicsentence升格為小標(biāo)題?！盨eePage47:盡管主題句可以出現(xiàn)在段落中的任何位置…主題句放在句首是英語段落寫作中最常見的一種方法。哪一種主題30主題句（TopicSentence）寫作的兩個基本要求：第一:要包含主導(dǎo)思想(thecontrollingidea)；第二：要做到概括和具體的統(tǒng)一。主題句在段落中用于概況段落的主旨大意，準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)作者觀點和態(tài)度。(SeesampletopicsentenceonPage43)“Wehadapleasantsummervacationbutsummervacationalwaysseemsshort.”。注：一個段落要求作者只表達(dá)一個意思，不同的意思要放在另外的段落中表達(dá)。要注意把自己的思想用最切近的語言表達(dá)出來。既不能過于概括，也不能過于具體。(SeesamplesonPage46:1.AmericanFood.2.Hongkong)DoexercisesonPage51:Practice1-2.主題句（TopicSentence）寫作的兩個基本要求：第31Writeatopicsentenceforthefollowingsupportingideas.IthascreatedMs.,atitleforwomencomparabletoMr.formen.TheMovementhaschangedtheendingofseveralcompoundwordsfrom–manto–person.TheMovementisresponsibleforsomenewterms.TheMovementhashadaneffectonthethird-personsingularpronoun.TheWomen’sMovement_________________________________________.hashadseveraleffectsontheEnglishlanguageWriteatopicsentenceforthe32Studentsonthiscampus_________________________________recentlyvoicedseveralcomplaints.Theyvoiceddissatisfactionwiththecampuslighting.Theyexpressedtheirdisgustwiththefoodsoldbythedining-hall.Theyprotestedthegradingpoliciesoftheinstructors.Studentsonthiscampus______33擴(kuò)展句/輔助句（supportingsentences）