《高級英語》第一冊第1課習題和答案

《高級英語》第一冊第1課習題和答案ExercisesforLessonone撰寫人：KittyNo.1I.Multiple-choiceItgrowslouderandmore untilyouroundacornerandseeafairylandofdancingflashes,astheburnishedcoppercatchesthelightof lampsandbraziers.A.distinct,innumerableB.clear,countlessC.distinct,numerableD.clear,innumerableIfhedoesguesscorrectly,hewillpricetheitemhigh,and__littleinthebargaining.A.produceB.resignC.surrenderD.yieldThesellermakesapoint protestingthatthepriceheischargingisdeprivinghim allprofit.A.of…fromB.from…ofC.of…ofD.from…fromTheshop-keepersspeakinslow,measuredtones,andthebuyers .A.followsuitB.takesuitC.followsuitsD.takesuitsMotorsandbicyclesthreadedtheirwayamongthe ofthepeopleenteringandleavingthemarket.A.crowdB.throngsC.crowdD.crowdsAsyouapproachit,atinklingandbangingandclashingbeginstoimpinge yourear.A.on B.to C.at D.againstLittledonkeyswithharmoniouslytinklingbells amongthethrongsofpeople.A.threadstheirwayB.threadtheirwayC.threadstheirwaysD.threadtheirwaysThetinofthestall-holderscryingtheirwares, …andofpurchasersarguingandbargainingiscontinuousandmakesyoudizzy.A.would-beB.will-beC.shall-beD.could-beTheshop-ownerinstructs,andsometimes withahammerhimself.A.takesahandB.takeshandsC.takeshandD.takestwohandsThepoleisattached theoneend anuprightpost,and theotherend ablind-foldedcamel.A.at…at,at …BLto…at,to…atC.at…to,at…Doto…at,to…atEveryhereandthere,adoorwaygives asunlitcourtyard.A.aglanceofB.aglimpseofC.astareofD.asurveyofThebossaskedmeifIwould totakethenewmission.A.considerB.acceptC.approveD.agreeHewasaskedtoaccount thelossofthemarketinShanghai.A.forB.of C.onD.aboutWealways oursuccesstoourparents,teachersandcolleagues.A.obligeB.contributeC.delicateD.attributeInmostpublicplaces,smokingisnot .A.letB.legalC.allowed D.promisedThearchitectureofGothicstylereferstoanarchitecturalstyleprevalentin Europefromthe12ththroughthe15thcentury.A.easternB.eastC.eastlyD.western liesintheMiddleEast.A.Mongolia B.IndiaC.LebanonD.ThailandTheboulevardwascrammedwithgay,laughing .A.crowds B.throngsC.peopleD.menWineisoneofthemany thatFrancesellsabroad.A.commoditiesB.merchandiseC.goodsD.wares20.Everynight,whenmyheadtouchesthepillows,Ifeltawaveof A.dizzyB.dizzyingC.dizzinessD.dizziesII.Writeoutthenewwordsandphrasesintheblanksaccordingtothemeanings:（ ）amarketorstreetofshopsandstalls^場，集市（ ）dim;indistinct模糊的；朦朧的（ ）havingmusicaltonescombinedtogiveapleasingeffect;consonant（音調(diào)）和諧的，悅耳的（ ）thatcanbeconceived,imagined可想象的，想得至U的（ ）aloud,continuousnoise喧鬧聲，嘈雜聲（ ）（ofasound）madesofterthanisusual（聲音）減弱的（ ）suggestiveofthegraveorburial;dismal;gloomy墳墓般的；陰森森的（ ）互助會，協(xié)會（ ）支架，腳手臺架，擱凳（ ）strike,hitordash;haveaneffect撞擊，沖擊；對 有影響（ ）火盆；火缽（ ）（單復同）風箱（ ）complex;fullofelaboratedetail錯綜復雜的；精心制作的（ ）strangeordifferentinawaythatisstrikingorfascinating奇異的；異常迷人的（ ）involvinggreatexpense;costly;lavish豪華的；奢侈的；昂貴的（ ） aconfusing,intricatenetworkofwindingpathways迷津；迷宮（ ） feelingorexpressingdisdain;scornfulandaloof;proud輕視的； 蔑視的（ ）alargebundle大包，大捆（ ） theseedofflax亞麻籽（ ） likelytofallintopieces;shaky要倒塌似的；搖搖欲墜的（ ） makesmallorinsignificant;makeseemsmallincomparison使矮小，使顯得矮小，使無足輕重（ ） movingoractingquicklyandlightly靈活的，敏捷的（ ）大梁（ ） aslow,smallflow細流，涓流（ ） floworleakoutslowly,asthroughverysmallholes滲出；慢慢地流III．Paraphrase:Asyouapproachit,atinklingandbangingandclashingbeginstoimpingeonyourear. .Thesellermakesapointofprotestingthatthepriceheischargingisdeprivinghimofallprofit. .Theredofthelivecoalsglowsbrightandthendimsrhythmicallytothestrokesofthebellows. .Pointoutthefiguresofspeechusedineachsentence.Boysandgirls,tumblinginthestreetsandplaying,weremovingjewels.TOC\o"1-5"\h\z( )Itisavast,sombercavernofaroom.( )Thepenismightierthanthesword.( )Asyouapproachit,atinklingandbangingandclashingbeginstoimpingeonyourear.( )Wespentasleeplessnightontheproject.( )Ancientgirderscreakandgroan.( )Theburnishedcoppercatchesthelightofinnumerouslampsandbraziers.( )ProofreadingDesksintheclassroomarearrangedatintervalof10feet. VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.他會盡力幫助你。 (asfaras)一些小毛驢正穿行于熙熙攘攘的人群中。(threadone’s)way現(xiàn)代大城市各種形狀的建筑物應有盡有。 (conceivable)歡呼聲在遠處漸漸消失了。 (fadeaway)去北京的旅游者認為有必要參觀長城。 (makeapointofdoingsth)如果店主猜到你想那樣東西，他就會漫天要價。 (price,v.)VII.ClozeDirections:completetheblanksinthefollowingpassagebychoosingtherightwordfromthelist.Makesurethewordyoufillisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallycorrect.ageascontinuousdonkey-boyfootharmoniouskindshadowsuchtakethronginchmakevarietysimultaneousTheMiddleEasternbazaar1youbackhundreds-eventhousands-ofyears.TheoneIamthinkingofparticularlyisenteredbyaGothicarchedgatewayof2brickandstone.Youpassfromtheheatandglareofabig,opensquareintoacool,darkcavernwhichextends3farastheeyecansee,losingitselfinthe 4distance.Littledonkeyswith5tinklingbellsthreadtheirwayamongthe6ofpeopleenteringandleavingthebazaar.Theroadwayisabouttwelve7wide,butitisnarrowedeveryfewyardsbylittlestallswheregoodsofeveryconceivable8aresold.Thedinofthestall-holderscryingtheirwares,of9andportersclearingawayforthemselvesbyshoutingvigorously,andofwould-bepurchasersarguingandbargainingis10andmakesyoudizzy.KeystotheexercisesforLessonone

.A 2..A 2.D.B 12.D3.C 4.A 5.B 6.A13.A 14.D15.C 16.D7.B 8.A 9.A 10.C17.C18.A 19.A 20.C1.ricate14.exotic15.sumptuous16.maze17.disdainful18.bale19.linseed20.ramshackle21.dwarf22.nimble23.girder24.trickle25.ooze26.runnel27.tautIII．Asyougetclosetotheplace,asuccessionoflight,ringingsoundsaswellasothernoisesbegintostrikeyourear.Thesellerthinksitnecessaryforhimtodeclarethatthepriceheisaskingmakesitimpossibleforhimtogainanyprofit.Thelightoftheburningcoalbecomesalternatelybrightanddimasthecoalsburnanddiedown,burnagain,alongwiththerepeatedmovementsofthebellows.IV.4.onomatopoeia7.hyperbolemetaphor2.4.onomatopoeia7.hyperboleV.1.everyafewj-^everyfew4.well-betterV.1.everyafewj-^everyfew4.well-better2.withfin 3.intervalfintervals5.achieve-^achievingVI.Hewillhelpyouasfarashecan.Somedonkeysarethreadingtheirwayamongthethrongsofpeople.Inthemodernbigcities,wecanseebuildingsofeveryconceivableshape.Thesoundofthecheeringfadedawayinthedistance.TouriststoBeijingmakeapointofvisitingtheGreatWall.Iftheshopkeeperguessescorrectlywhatyouwanttobuy,hewillpricetheitemhigh.VII.1.takes2.aged3.as4.shadowy5.harmoniously6.throngs7.feet8.kind9.donkey-boys10.continuous《高級英語》考試試卷(A)

考試時間：120分鐘I.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwordsandphrases.(10%)appealtopressforwardinthelongrunwithdrawfromtotheutmostatoddskeepabreastofdevoidofinduecourseinsistentonThechildseemstobequiteanysenseofrightorwrong.Notsurprisingreallywhenyouthinkwhathisparentsarelike.Withthatpossibilityinmind,Ishallfindthemurderer.Modernliberalismisfundamentallywithdemocraticgovernmentbecauseitdemandsresultsthatordinarypeoplewouldnotfreelychoose.Intheextensionofmedicalservicestoallthepeople,thequalifiedmedicalandhospitalfacilitiesalreadyestablishedareutilized.MovingtoSpainwillbebetterforyou.Farmershavethegovernmentforhelp.Agreatmanyworriescanhimactiveparticipationinworkandlife.Somuchishappeningintheworldofsciencethatit 'sdifficulttoallthelatestdevelopments.Thoseindividualsandcompaniesconfinedtoall-domesticoperationsaremostlikelytosufferbylowerpricesandhavebeenamongthosemosttariffprotection.Whathappenedtodaydoesnothingtodiminishit.Wemustonmannedspacemission.Paraphrasethefollowingsentences,especiallypayingattentiontotheunderlinedpart.(20%)Theplutoniumwouldthenbevaporizedandreleasedintotheenvironment;andtheregoesFlorida.JennyClanton)Twofailuresinninetripsaregreatinbaseball,butnotwhenwe'redealingwithnuclearpayloads.JennyClanton)Ifabeachheadofcooperationmaypushbackthejungleofsuspicion,letbothsidesjoinincreatinganewendeavor…(JohnF.Kennedy)…torememberthatinthepast,thosewhofoolishlysoughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerendedupinside.JohnFKennedy)Andleteveryotherpowerknowthatthishemisphereintendstoremainthemasterofitsownhouse(JohnF.Kennedy)Letusredoubleourexertions,andstrikewithunitedstrengthwhilelifeandpowerremain.(WinstonChurchill)Allthisfadesawaybeforethespectaclewhichisnowunfolding.(WinstonChurchill)Thescenewillbeclearforthefinalact,withoutwhichallhisconquestswillbeinvain.(WinstonChurchill)…affectionwhichisreceivedshouldberatetheaffectionwhichistobegiven,andonlywherebothexistinequalmeasuredoesaffectionachieveitsbestpossibilities.(BertrandRussel)Evidentlythisspringsfromsomedefectintheirnature,butitisonenotaltogethereasyeithertodiagnoseortocureBertrandRussel)III.Pointouttherhetoricaldeviceintheunderlinedpartofeachsentenceandwriteyouranswersontheanswersheet.Onlyoneitemcanbechosenforeachsentence.(10%)personificationmetonymyrhetoricquestiononomatopoeiaantithesistransferredepithetmetaphorparallelismalliterationsimileShewas,tobesure,agirlwhoexcitedtheemotions,butIwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.Ilikeallthesmallnoisesofaship:thefaintcreaking--,theslapofarope,thehissofsuddenspray.Itis,afterall,easiertomakeabeautifuldumbgirlsmartthantomakeanuglysmartgirlbeautiful.Noone,leastofallI,anticipatedthatmycasewouldsnowballintooneofthemostfamoustrialsinU.S.history.ButaboveallIlovetheselongpurposelessdaysinwhichIshedallthatIhaveeverbeen.Itwasthatpopulation…andrushingthemthroughwithamagnifloshtanddaringandrecklessnessofcostorconsequences.Thereliesbeforeus,ifwechoose,continualprogressinhappiness,knowledge,andwisdom.Shallwe,instead,choosedeath,becausewecannotforgetourquarrels?Inowstoodonthesiteofthefirstatomicbombardment,wherethousandsuponthousandsofpeoplehadbeenslaininonesecond,wherethousandsuponthousandsofothershadlingeredontodieinslowagony,wherethousandsuponthousandsofcitieshadvanishedinsorrowandtears.Thechildrenwentfromadulttoadultlikebucketsinafirebrigade.Amomentlater,thehurricaneinonemightyswipe,liftedtheentireroofoffthehouseandskimmedit40feetthroughtheair.Proofreading(10%)(see“AnswerSheet”)Readingcomprehension(25%)Passage1Failureisprobablythemostfatiguingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoreenervatingthannotsucceeding-beingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisaviciouscircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andthefatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichcompoundsthefailure.Weexperiencethistirednessintwomainways:asstart-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareundersomecompulsionstodischarge.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weshirkit.Andthelongerwepostponeit,themoretiredwefeel.Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evenifnotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones.Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply,anexertionofwillpower.ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofotherthingsIhavetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattachtheobjectionableitemfirst.Topreventstart-upfatigue,alwaystacklethemostdifficultjobfirst.Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.Herewearenotreluctanttogetstartedbutwecannotseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappearinsurmountableandhoweverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcan—thenlettheunconscioustakeover.Whichofthefollowingcanbecalledaviciouscircle?Success-zeal-success-zealFailure-tiredness-failure-tirednessFailure-zeal-failure-zealD.Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustionAccordingtothepassage,whenwekeepputtingoffatask,wecanexperience .A.tiredness B.performancefatigueC.start-upfatigue D.unconsciousnessToovercomestart-upfatigue,weneed .A.toughnessB.preventionC.musclesD.strongwillpowerTheword“insurmountable”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans A.thatcannotbesolved B.thatcannotbeunderstoodC.thatcannotbeimagined D.thatcannotbeobjectedAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisnottrue?Itiseasiertoovercomestart-upfatiguePerformancefatigueoccurswhenthejobwearewillingtotakegetsblocked.OnewillfinallysucceedafterexperiencingtheviciouscircleFatigueoftenaccompaniesfailurePassage2Everyminuteofeveryday,whatecologistJamesCarlton--anoceanographeratWilliamsCollegeinWilliamstown,Mass.--callsaglobal"conveyorbelt"redistributesoceanorganisms.It'splanetwidebiologicaldisruptionthatscientistshavebarelybeguntounderstand.Thesecreaturesmovefromcoastalwaterswheretheyfitintothelocalweboflifetoplaceswheresomeofthemcouldtearthatwebapart.Thisisthelargerdimensionoftheinfamousinvasionoffish-destroying,pipe-cloggingzebramussels.WhatconcernsCarltonandhisfellowmarineecologistsisthelackofknowledgeaboutthehundredsofalieninvadersthatquietlyentercoastalwatersaroundtheworldeveryday.What'snewisthescaleandspeedofthemigrationsmadepossiblebythemassivevolumeofship-ballastwater,continuouslymovingaroundtheworldShipsloadupwithballastwateranditsinhabitantsincoastalwatersofoneportanddumptheballastinanotherportthatmaybethousandsofkilometersaway.Asingleloadcanruntohundredsofgallons.Somelargershipstakeonasmuchas40milliongallons.Thecreaturesthatcomealongtendtobeintheirlarvafreefloatingstage.Whendischargedinalienwaterstheycanmatureintocrabs,jellyfish,slugs,andmanyotherforms.Sincetheprobleminvolvescoastalspecies,simplybanningballastdumpsincoastalwaterswould,intheory,solveit.Coastalorganismsinballastwaterthatisflushedintomidoceanwouldnotsurvive.SuchabanhasworkedforNorthAmericanInlandWaterway.Butitwouldbehardtoenforceitworldwide.Heatingballastwaterorstrainingitshouldalsohaltthespeciesspread.Butbeforeanysuchworldwideregulationswereimposed,scientistswouldneedaclearerviewofwhatisgoingon.Thecontinuousshufflingofmarineorganismshaschangedthebiologyoftheseaonaglobalscale.ItcanhavedevastatingeffectsasinthecaseoftheAmericancombjellyfishthatrecentlyinvadedtheBlackSea.Ithasdestroyedthatsea'sanchovyfisherybyeatinganchovyeggs.ItmaysoonspreadtowesternandnorthernEuropeanwaters.Themaritimenationsthatcreatedthebiological"conveyorbelt"shouldsupportacoordinatedinternationalefforttofindoutwhatisgoingonandwhatshouldbedoneaboutit.AccordingtoDr.Carlton,oceanorganismsare .beingmovedtonewenvironments.destroyingtheplanet.succumbingtothezebramussel.developingaliencharacteristics.Oceanographersareconcernedbecause .theirknowledgeofthisphenomenonislimited.theybelievetheoceansaredying.theyfearaninvasionfromouter-space.theyhaveidentifiedthousandsofalienwebs.Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethatbanningballastdumpsincoastalwatersprovedsuccessfulin .NorthAmericanInlandWaterwaytheglobeEuropeAmericaAccordingtoMarineecologists,transplantedmarinespecies .areallcompatiblewithoneanother.mayupsettheecosystemsofcoastalwaters.canonlysurviveintheirhomewaters.sometimesdisruptshippinglanes.Theidentifiedcauseoftheproblemis .therapiditywithwhichlarvaemature.acommonpracticeoftheshippingindustry.acenturiesoldspecies.theworldwidemovementofoceancurrents.Thearticlesuggeststhatasolutiontotheproblem .isunlikelytobeidentified.mustprecedefurtherresearch.ishypotheticallyeasy.willlimitglobalshipping.Passage3TheUnitedNationConferenceonDrugAbusethattookplaceearlierthisyearinVienna,wasaveryproductivemeeting.Asneverbefore,thenationsoftheworlddemonstratedawillingnesstoputasideideologicalandindividualdifferencestoconfrontacommonthreat.Mostpreviousinternationalgatheringsonthissubjecthavenotseenthesameintensityofdelegateinterest.Manynationshavegonethroughashockofrecognition.Adecadeago,onlythosenationsidentifiedas"consumingcountries"werethoughttohaveaseriousdrugproblem.Today,notonlyhavemany"producingcountries"alsobecome"consumingcountries"butmanyhavemissedthegrowthwithintheirbordersofdrugtraffickinggangs(oftenalliedwithterrorists)sopowerfultheypresentadangertothestate'sstability.Manydevelopingcountriesnowhavetheworstofbothworlds,inthattheygrowtheirownnarcoticsandaddictlargenumberoftheirownpeople.Thereisagrowingsenseoffrightinmanygovernmentsthatmattersareoutofcontrolandthesinglewaytorecoveristhroughcooperationwithothercountries.Thehighpointsoftheconferencewerethedraftingoftwodocuments,bothofwhichwereadoptedwithoutadissentingvote.Onewasajointdeclarationofintenttocombatdrugabuseandtrafficking.Theotherconsistedofmanyderailedsuggestionsforparticularregionalandnationalpolicies.Onthedemandside,thedelegatesrecommendedtheestablishmentofasystemforcollectinginformationonthenatureandscopeofnarcoticsuse.Inaddition,drugeducationshouldbetaughtinschoolsandgovernmentsandlabororganizationsshouldacttogetherintheanti-drugcampaignintheworkplace.Thedelegatesalsorecommendedstrictadherencetointernationalagreementstocurbthesupplyofnarcotics.PresidentRonaldReagan,inhisstatementtotheconference,reflectedasomberbuthopefulview.Notingthemagnitudeoftheeffortnecessary,thePresidentremarked,"That'swhythisconferenceissoencouragingandsoimportant---itpresentsanexcellentopportunityforthenationsoftheworldtobuildcooperationandplaneffectivestrategiesandtactics.Itwon a’ltetrbneateivaes,yh.oTwhever,isthecontinuedinternaldecayofoursocieties.StrikingfeatureoftheUNConferenceonDrugAbuseisthat .thedelegateswereunprecedentedlyunanimousintheirattempttocontroldrugabusetheconferencetoucheduponmanyissuesintheworld.itwasheldbymanycountries.twodocumentsweresigned.Manycountriesareshockedtofindthat .consumingcountriesareconfrontingaseriousdrugproblemdrugtraffickinggangsareoftenalliedwithterroristsdrugproblemhasbecomemoreseriousthaneverdrugabuseifunderminingtheirgovernmentAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?onlythose"consumingcountries"arethoughttohaveaseriousdrugproblemthenationsoftheworlddonothaveaconsensustofindagainstdrugproblems.TheUnitedNationConferenceonDrugAbuseinViennawasnotveryproductive.ThemostimportantresultoftheUnitedNationConferenceonDrugAbuseinViennawasthedraftingoftwoimportantdocuments.Merationinthedevelopedcountriescooperationinthedevelopingcountriesdomesticpoliciesworld-widecooperationAccordingtothepassagethedrugproblemforthedevelopingcountriesisthemostseriousbecause .theylacknecessaryfundingtocurbdrugabusetheyarebothproducingandconsumingcountriesofdrugstheyarenotefficientintheirattempttocombatdrugabusetheyhavenotenlistedsupportfromdevelopedcountriesThedelegatesseemedtolackconfidencein .curbingthedemandfordangerousdrugsdestroyingtheprocessofdistributionestablishingsystemforcollectinginformationaboutdrugabuse.persuadingpeoplenottotakedrugsAccordingtothepassagePresidentReagan .pointedoutthattheefforttocombatdrugabusewasinestimableexpressedhisdoubtaboutthepossibilityofinternationalagreementsuggestedthatifdrugabuseisnotcurbed,worldcivilizationwilldegeneratesaidthattheconferencewasencouragingandimportantbecauseinternationalcooperationisnecessary.Passage4Formuchoftheworld,thedeathofRichardNixonwastheendofacomplexpubliclife.Butresearcherswhostudybereavementwonderedifitdidn'talsosignifytheendofaprivategrief.Hadtheformerpresidentmerelyrunhisallottedfourscoreandone,orhadhefallenvictimtoapatternthatseemstoafflictlongtimemarriedcouples:onespousequicklyfollowingtheothertothegrave?Pat,Nixon'swifeof53years,diedlastJuneafteralongillness.Nooneknowsforsurewhetherherdeathcontributedtohis.Afterall,hewaselderlyandhadahistoryofseriousheartdisease.Researchershavelongobservedthatthedeathofaspouseparticularlyawifeissometimesfollowedbytheuntimelydeathofthegrievingsurvivor.HistorianWillDurantdied13daysafterhiswifeandcollaborator,Ariel;BuckminsterFullerandhiswifediedjust36hoursapart.Isthismorethancoincidence?"Partofthestory,Isuspect,isthatwemenaresousedtoladiesfeedingusandtakingcareofus,"saysKnudHelsing,anepidemiologistattheJohnsHopkinsSchoolofPublichealth,"thatwhenweloseawifewegotopieces.Wedon'tknowhowtotakecareofourselves."InoneofseveralstudiesHelsinghasconductedonbereavement,hefoundthatwidowedmenhadhighermortalityratesthanmarriedmenineveryagegroup.But,hefoundthatwidowerswhoremarriedenjoyedthesamelowermortalityrateasmenwho'dneverbeenwidowed.Women'shealthandresiliencemayalsosufferafterthelossofaspouse.Ina1987studyofwidows,researchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,andUC,SanDiego,foundthattheyhadadramaticdeclineinlevelsofimportantimmune-systemcellsthatfightoffdisease.Earlierstudiesshowedreducedimmunityinwidowers.Forbothmenandwomen,thestressoflosingaspousecanhaveaprofoundeffect."Allsortsofpotentiallyharmfulmedicalproblemscanbeworsened,"saysGeraldDavison,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Peoplewithhighbloodpressure,forexample,mayseeitrise.InNixon'scase,Davisonspeculates,"thestroke,althoughnotcauseddirectlybythestress,wasprobablyhastenedbyit."Depressioncanaffectthesurvivingspouse'swilltolive;suicideareelevatedinthebereaved,alongwithaccidentsnotinvolvingcars.Involvementinlifehelpsprolongit.Mortality,saysDukeUniversitypsychiatristDanielBlazer,ishigherinolderpeoplewithoutagoodsocial-support-system,whodon'tfeelthey'repartofagrouporafamily,thatthey"fitin"somewhere.Andthat'samorecommonproblemformen,whotendnottohaveasmanyclosefriendshipsaswomen.Thesuddenabsenceofroutinescanalsobeahealthhazard,saysBlazer.Whileearlierstudiessuggestedthatthefirstsixmonthstoayear-oreventhefirstweek--weretimesofhighermortalityforthebereaved,somenewerstudiesfindnospecialvulnerabilityinthisinitialperiod.Mostmenandwomen,ofcoursedonotdieasaresultofthelossofaspouse.Andtherearewaystoimprovetheodds.Astrongsenseofseparateidentityandlackofover-dependencyduringthemarriagearehelpful.Adultsonsanddaughters,siblingsandfriendsneedtopayspecialattentiontoanewlywidowedparent.Theycanmakesurethatheorsheissocializing,gettingpropernutritionandmedicalcare,expressingemotionand,aboveall,feelingneededandappreciated.Accordingtoresearchers,RichardNixon'sdeathwas .causedbyhisheartproblems.indirectlylinkedtohiswife'sdeath.theinevitableresultofoldage.anunexplainableaccident.Theresearchreviewedinthepassagesuggestthat .remarriedmenlivehealthierlives.unmarriedmenhavethelongestlifespans.widowershavetheshortestlifespans.widowsareunaffectedbytheirmates'death.Oneoftheresultsofgriefmentionedinthepassageis .lossoffriendships.diminishedsocializing.vulnerabilitytodisease.lossofappetite.Thepassagestatesthatwhilemarriedcouplescanprepareforgrievingby .beingself-reliant.evadingintimacy.developinghabits.avoidingindependence.Helsingspeculatesthathusbandssufferfromthedeathofaspousebecausetheyare .unpreparedforindependence.incapableofcooking.unwillingtotalk.dissatisfiedwiththemselves.Theauthorsuggeststhat .anewlywidowedparentshouldgooutmoreoftenthannotanewlywidowedparentshouldlivewiththeirchildrenfamilymembersshouldrespecttheirnewlywidowedparentfamilymembersshouldalsopayattentiontoanewlywidowedparentThemainideaofthisarticleis .howtosavethenewlywidowedspousethelossofaspousemayinfluencethelifespanofthewidowedonethelifeofthenewlywidowedspousenotclearVI.TextAnalysis(25%)Readthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestionsinyouranswersheet.Aboutoneofman’sfrailtiesThomasWolfewrote, “hetalksofthefutureandhewastesitasitcomes.”ThisobservationisrelatedtoaprinciplebywhichItry(withoutalwayssucceeding)tolive.Ibelieveinlivinginthepresentbecauseitisfutiletodwellonthepast,toworryaboutthefuture,ortomissanythingintheonlyrealityIknow.Itisfutiletodwellonthepast.Whatexistedorhappenedinthepastmayhavebeenbeautifulorexcitingandmaynowbringprofoundandpreciousmemories;butthepastisdead,anditisnothealthyforlivingspiritstolingeroveraworld