USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度課件

AmericanPresidential

ElectionPreparedby:May

USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度AmericanPresidentialElection1StartwiththeConstitution(憲法)

quadrennial

TheElectionDayistheTuesdaybetweenNovember2ndand8th(thelastone:Nov.4th2008;thenextone:Nov6th,2012）CandidatesforPresidentandVice-PresidentRunTogether.(Inmostcases,thepresidentialcandidateselectavice-presidentialcandidatehimself.)TheConstitutionstatesthatsuffragecannotbedeniedongroundsofrace,color,sexorage.BasicintroductionUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度StartwiththeConstitution(憲法2ContentPresidentialJobDescriptionPresidentialElectionSystemProcessofpresidentialelectionFactorsinfluencingturnoutNegativeimpactofAmericanpresidentialelectionWhatwecanlearnfromAmericanpresidentialelectionUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度ContentUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度3Terms:NomorethantwotermsortenyearsUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度4Rewardsofpresident$200,000ayearLivinginWhiteHouseCampDavidasaretreatFleetsofaircraftandcarsAgenerouspensionMoneyforanofficeandstaffafterretirementPresidentialJobDescriptionUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度PresidentialJobDescriptionUS5黨間領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國(guó)內(nèi)政策的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)行政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對(duì)外政策的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)軍事能力象征性的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度黨間領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國(guó)內(nèi)政策的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)行政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對(duì)外政策的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)軍事能力象征性的6（四）總統(tǒng)選舉程序提名程序(nominationprocess)總統(tǒng)候選人競(jìng)選正式選舉(generalelection)primaryelction黨的全國(guó)代表大會(huì)procedureFebJuneJulyAugSepNovDecnextJan選舉人投票(electoralvoting)12月份第二個(gè)星期三后的第一個(gè)星期一

大選日選民投票(votingonElectionDay)11月份第一個(gè)星期一后的第一個(gè)星期二

國(guó)會(huì)兩院聯(lián)席會(huì)議上計(jì)票(electoralvotescounting)、宣布大選結(jié)果declareelectionresults1月20日宣誓就職nomination（1）1790-1824年的國(guó)會(huì)黨團(tuán)會(huì)議提名制（2）1831-1968年的全國(guó)代表大會(huì)提名制（3）1968年至今的預(yù)選提名制USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度（四）總統(tǒng)選舉程序提名程序(nominationproc7PresidentialElectionSystemElectionsforPresidentandVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesareindirectelectionsinwhichvoterscastballotsforaslateofelectorsoftheU.S.ElectoralCollege,whointurndirectlyelectthePresidentandVicePresident.USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度PresidentialElectionSystemEl8Moststatelawsestablishawinner-take-allsystem,whereintheticketthatwinsapluralityofvoteswinsallofthatstate'sallocatedelectoralvotes,andthushastheirslateofelectorschosentovoteintheElectoralCollege.

PresidentialElectionSystemTotalelectoralvotes:538Candidategetsmorethan270wintheelectionUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度Moststatelawsestablishawi9“Winner-take-all”Exceptions:MaineandNebraskaWherewouldyoufocusyourenergyandcampaignthehardest?USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度“Winner-take-all”Exceptions:M1008年美國(guó)選舉人分布USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度08年美國(guó)選舉人分布USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選11538electors100Senators435Congressmen3electorsTheDistrictofColumbia535RepresentativesinCongressUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度538electors1004353electors51250states538Senate100HouseofRepresentatives435ColombiaDC3選舉人和選舉人團(tuán)制美國(guó)憲法第二條第一款規(guī)定：每州應(yīng)依照該議會(huì)所定方式選派選舉人若干人，其數(shù)目同該州在國(guó)會(huì)應(yīng)有的參議員和眾議員總?cè)藬?shù)相等，但參議員或眾議員，或在合眾國(guó)屬下?lián)斡胸?zé)任或有薪金職務(wù)的人，不得被選派為選舉人。由各州選派的選舉人組成選舉人團(tuán)。由選舉人團(tuán)投票,如得票數(shù)超過(guò)選舉人總數(shù)的一半，即當(dāng)選為總統(tǒng)，這就是選舉人團(tuán)制。

USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度50states538Senate100House134.GeneralElection全國(guó)選舉5.inaug-uration總統(tǒng)就職儀式ProcessofpresidentialelectionUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度4.GeneralElection全國(guó)選舉5.inaug14EachstatehasitsownelectorsEachstatestartstoconductpopularelectionstochoosetheirslateofelectors:indirectelectionsystem.Eachpartyhasitsownelectoralcollege(選舉委員會(huì)）大規(guī)模的USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度Eachstatehasitsownelector15TheelectorsfromEachStatemakeupthe"ElectoralCollege“Themajorpoliticalpartieswillofficiallyholditspresidentialnominatingconventions.Inthisnominatingconventions,The“ElectoralCollege”VotesforthePresident.

Normally,thecandidateforpresidentreceivingthemajority(>50%)oftheelectoralvotesistheelectedpresident.IndirectDirectUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度IndirectDirectUSelectoralsyste16Thecandidatesofthemajorpartieswillgotomanystatestowinthesupportersbymeansof：campaigningtripstodifferentstatesaddressingTVspeechesshowingonTVdebates.

Thesemediatoolsplayanimportantroleinrunning(宣傳造勢(shì)）.Thisprocesscostslots.

USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度Thecandidatesofthemajorpa17總統(tǒng)大選電視辯論2012第一場(chǎng)USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度總統(tǒng)大選電視辯論2012第一場(chǎng)USelectoralsys18turnoutin2008MaccineadmitedhisfailureObamawontheelectionUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度turnoutin2008Maccineadmited19NationalRepresentativesConference

AfterNationalRepresentativesConference,someoneiselectedasparty’sofficialcandidate

Theybegantointroducetheirownparty’spoliticalclaims

theirownpoliticalprogrammes

votersgivepromises

Servethepeoplevotersgetmoresupport

USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度NationalRepresentativesConfe20二、打造形象（04年為例）1.beautifyoneself2.trytodeglamorizetheiropponentsUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度二、打造形象（04年為例）1.beautifyones21Time:thefirstTuesdayafterthefirstMondayofNovember;Purpose:selectelectors;USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度Time:thefirstTuesdayafter225.Inauguration:JanuaryinthenextyearUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度5.Inauguration:Januaryinth23USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度24FactorsinfluencingturnoutSatisfactionQualityofcampaigns:lackofrealissues;negativeadvertisingFrequencyandlengthofelectionsFrequentpublicpollsMuchcoveragebythemediaTroublesomeregisteringprocessUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度FactorsinfluencingturnoutUSe25NegativeImpactof

AmericanpresidentialelectionVerycostlyandmoneyconsumingcampaign;2008electioncostmorethan1billionUSDUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度NegativeImpactof

Americanp26Inthefiercecompetition,alotofimmoraltrick

hasbeenused;personalattacksanddefamearealwaysbeenusedinthecampaignNegativeImpactof

AmericanpresidentialelectionUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度NegativeImpactof

Americanp27Theexistingelectionsystemmakeitdifficultforotherthirdparty(exceptDemocraticandPublic)tobeelected.NegativeImpactof

AmericanpresidentialelectionUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度NegativeImpactof

Americanp28USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度2022/12/19USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度2022/1229USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度2022/12/19USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度2022/1230Whatwecanlearnfrom

AmericanpresidentialelectionTotallytransparentelectionprocess;Fullycompetitiveelectionprocess;Maturedelectionsystemandculture

clickmeUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度Whatwecanlearnfrom

Ameri31THEENDUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度THEENDUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度32演講完畢，謝謝聽(tīng)講!再見(jiàn)，seeyouagainUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度2022/12/19演講完畢，謝謝聽(tīng)講!再見(jiàn)，seeyouagainUSel33AmericanPresidential

ElectionPreparedby:May

USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度AmericanPresidentialElection34StartwiththeConstitution(憲法)

quadrennial

TheElectionDayistheTuesdaybetweenNovember2ndand8th(thelastone:Nov.4th2008;thenextone:Nov6th,2012）CandidatesforPresidentandVice-PresidentRunTogether.(Inmostcases,thepresidentialcandidateselectavice-presidentialcandidatehimself.)TheConstitutionstatesthatsuffragecannotbedeniedongroundsofrace,color,sexorage.BasicintroductionUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度StartwiththeConstitution(憲法35ContentPresidentialJobDescriptionPresidentialElectionSystemProcessofpresidentialelectionFactorsinfluencingturnoutNegativeimpactofAmericanpresidentialelectionWhatwecanlearnfromAmericanpresidentialelectionUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度ContentUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度36Terms:NomorethantwotermsortenyearsUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度37Rewardsofpresident$200,000ayearLivinginWhiteHouseCampDavidasaretreatFleetsofaircraftandcarsAgenerouspensionMoneyforanofficeandstaffafterretirementPresidentialJobDescriptionUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度PresidentialJobDescriptionUS38黨間領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國(guó)內(nèi)政策的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)行政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對(duì)外政策的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)軍事能力象征性的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度黨間領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國(guó)內(nèi)政策的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)行政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對(duì)外政策的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)軍事能力象征性的39（四）總統(tǒng)選舉程序提名程序(nominationprocess)總統(tǒng)候選人競(jìng)選正式選舉(generalelection)primaryelction黨的全國(guó)代表大會(huì)procedureFebJuneJulyAugSepNovDecnextJan選舉人投票(electoralvoting)12月份第二個(gè)星期三后的第一個(gè)星期一

大選日選民投票(votingonElectionDay)11月份第一個(gè)星期一后的第一個(gè)星期二

國(guó)會(huì)兩院聯(lián)席會(huì)議上計(jì)票(electoralvotescounting)、宣布大選結(jié)果declareelectionresults1月20日宣誓就職nomination（1）1790-1824年的國(guó)會(huì)黨團(tuán)會(huì)議提名制（2）1831-1968年的全國(guó)代表大會(huì)提名制（3）1968年至今的預(yù)選提名制USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度（四）總統(tǒng)選舉程序提名程序(nominationproc40PresidentialElectionSystemElectionsforPresidentandVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesareindirectelectionsinwhichvoterscastballotsforaslateofelectorsoftheU.S.ElectoralCollege,whointurndirectlyelectthePresidentandVicePresident.USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度PresidentialElectionSystemEl41Moststatelawsestablishawinner-take-allsystem,whereintheticketthatwinsapluralityofvoteswinsallofthatstate'sallocatedelectoralvotes,andthushastheirslateofelectorschosentovoteintheElectoralCollege.

PresidentialElectionSystemTotalelectoralvotes:538Candidategetsmorethan270wintheelectionUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度Moststatelawsestablishawi42“Winner-take-all”Exceptions:MaineandNebraskaWherewouldyoufocusyourenergyandcampaignthehardest?USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度“Winner-take-all”Exceptions:M4308年美國(guó)選舉人分布USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度08年美國(guó)選舉人分布USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選44538electors100Senators435Congressmen3electorsTheDistrictofColumbia535RepresentativesinCongressUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度538electors1004353electors54550states538Senate100HouseofRepresentatives435ColombiaDC3選舉人和選舉人團(tuán)制美國(guó)憲法第二條第一款規(guī)定：每州應(yīng)依照該議會(huì)所定方式選派選舉人若干人，其數(shù)目同該州在國(guó)會(huì)應(yīng)有的參議員和眾議員總?cè)藬?shù)相等，但參議員或眾議員，或在合眾國(guó)屬下?lián)斡胸?zé)任或有薪金職務(wù)的人，不得被選派為選舉人。由各州選派的選舉人組成選舉人團(tuán)。由選舉人團(tuán)投票,如得票數(shù)超過(guò)選舉人總數(shù)的一半，即當(dāng)選為總統(tǒng)，這就是選舉人團(tuán)制。

USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度50states538Senate100House464.GeneralElection全國(guó)選舉5.inaug-uration總統(tǒng)就職儀式ProcessofpresidentialelectionUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度4.GeneralElection全國(guó)選舉5.inaug47EachstatehasitsownelectorsEachstatestartstoconductpopularelectionstochoosetheirslateofelectors:indirectelectionsystem.Eachpartyhasitsownelectoralcollege(選舉委員會(huì)）大規(guī)模的USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度Eachstatehasitsownelector48TheelectorsfromEachStatemakeupthe"ElectoralCollege“Themajorpoliticalpartieswillofficiallyholditspresidentialnominatingconventions.Inthisnominatingconventions,The“ElectoralCollege”VotesforthePresident.

Normally,thecandidateforpresidentreceivingthemajority(>50%)oftheelectoralvotesistheelectedpresident.IndirectDirectUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度IndirectDirectUSelectoralsyste49Thecandidatesofthemajorpartieswillgotomanystatestowinthesupportersbymeansof：campaigningtripstodifferentstatesaddressingTVspeechesshowingonTVdebates.

Thesemediatoolsplayanimportantroleinrunning(宣傳造勢(shì)）.Thisprocesscostslots.

USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度Thecandidatesofthemajorpa50總統(tǒng)大選電視辯論2012第一場(chǎng)USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度總統(tǒng)大選電視辯論2012第一場(chǎng)USelectoralsys51turnoutin2008MaccineadmitedhisfailureObamawontheelectionUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度turnoutin2008Maccineadmited52NationalRepresentativesConference

AfterNationalRepresentativesConference,someoneiselectedasparty’sofficialcandidate

Theybegantointroducetheirownparty’spoliticalclaims

theirownpoliticalprogrammes

votersgivepromises

Servethepeoplevotersgetmoresupport

USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度NationalRepresentativesConfe53二、打造形象（04年為例）1.beautifyoneself2.trytodeglamorizetheiropponentsUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度二、打造形象（04年為例）1.beautifyones54Time:thefirstTuesdayafterthefirstMondayofNovember;Purpose:selectelectors;USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度Time:thefirstTuesdayafter555.Inauguration:JanuaryinthenextyearUSelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度5.Inauguration:Januaryinth56USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度USelectoralsystem美國(guó)選舉制度57FactorsinfluencingturnoutSatisfactionQualityofcampaigns:lackofrealissues;negativeadvertisingFrequency