(完整版)2018高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)1卷

2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)第一部分 聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分 30分）做題時(shí)， 先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。 錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后， 你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共 5小題：每小題 1.5分，滿(mǎn)分 7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的 A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后， 你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。 每段對(duì)話(huà)僅談一遍。例： Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.153. ￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。C.Writeareport.C.SheC.Writeareport.C.She’shelpful.A.WatchaTVprogram.B.Giveatalk.Whatcanwesayaboutthewoman?A.She’sgenerous. B.She’scurious.Whendoesthetrainleave?A.At6:30.B.At8:30.C.At10:30.C.Changinghermajor.C.Changinghermajor.C.Chemistry.C.Ataxidriver.C.Atarestaurant.Howdocsthewomangotowork?A.Bycar. B.Onfoot. C.Bybike.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Doctorandpatient.第二節(jié)（共 15小題：每小題 1.5分，滿(mǎn)分 22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)內(nèi)。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)A后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的 A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題 5秒鐘：聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出 5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第 6、7題。Whatdoesthewomanregret?A.Givingupherresearch.B.Droppingoutofcollege.Whatisthewomaninterestedinstudyingnow?A.Ecology. B.Education.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第 8、9題。Whatistheman?A.Ahotelmanager. B.Atourguide.52Whatisthemandoingforthewoman?Lookingforsomelocalfoods.Showingheraroundtheseaside.Offeringinformationaboutahotel.聽(tīng)第8段材料，問(wèn)答第10至12題。Wheredocstheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice. B.Athome.Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrowevening?B.Visitafriend.C.Workextrahours.C.Catherine.C.Tohaveamealtogether.B.Visitafriend.C.Workextrahours.C.Catherine.C.Tohaveamealtogether.C.Itsquality.C.It’sadequatelyequipped.C.Makepayment.C.Collegestudents.A.Gotoaconcert.WhoisAlicegoingtocall?A.Mike. B.Joan.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第 13至16題。Whydoesthewomanmeettheman?A.Tolookatanapartment.B.Todeliversomefurniture.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutthecarpet?A.Itscolor. B.Itsdesign.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthekitchen?A.It’sagoodsize.B.It’snewlypainted.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Godowntown. B.Talkwithherfriend.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第I7至20題。Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Moviefans. B.Newsreporters.WhendidthespeakertakeEnglishclasses?Beforehelefthishometown.AfterhecametoAmerica.Whenhewas15yearsold.Howdoesthespeakerfeelabouthisteacher?A.He’sproud. B.He’ssympathetic.C.He’sgrateful.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?Howeducationshapedhislife.Howhislanguageskillsimproved.Howhemanagedhisbusinesswell.第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分 40分）第一節(jié)（共 15小題：每小題 2分，滿(mǎn)分 30分）閱淡下列短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C和D叫個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Washington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms-disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours（4miles）JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路線(xiàn))makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople. B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums. D.Enjoyinterestingstories.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.Meals. D.Safetylights.BGoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTcbbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunderfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe ’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant."sheexplains."Ipay￡5盼)aploutionaittmakes廿emfor26Paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves. ”Theeight-partseriesi系列節(jié)目 )SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourliggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight ’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonaludget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’losngweekendofcelelrationwithlessexpensivelutstilltastyrecipes.WhatdoweknowaloutSusannaReid?A.Sheenjoysemlarrassingherguests.B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.D.Shehashadatightludgetforherfamily.

HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChefA.Theydevelopedveryfast.A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChefA.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.BalancingOurDailyDietD.CookingWellforLessCLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.WhentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyHunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChinesearcincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1.000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld 'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.29.WhichofthefollowingbestexplainsA.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.29.WhichofthefollowingbestexplainsA.Complex.B.Advanced.present?D.About1,200.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.“dominant"underlinedinparagraph2?Powerful. D.Modem.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatA.About6,800.B.About3,400. C.About2,400.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated. B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.DWemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（裝置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'badnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife-fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids 'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse, "saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.Wdrenotjustkeepingtheseolddevices-wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'team,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat'sthesoluti嘛快方案）？Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly. B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome. D.Theygooutofstylequickly.33.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals. B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyou'llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou '111cin.Doyouwantaroomthat 'sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyouljookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36 ,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere 'rereallyon”threekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.38.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39―.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40.WhileallofthemareusefulWhateveryou'relookingforIfyou 'reexperimentingwithacolorSmallcolorchoicesarctheoneswe 'remostfamiliarwithIt'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesSoitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeColorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題：每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的 A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空 白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga"free"course,calledThinkingdonettsreecredits.I41theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn'wtantto42afewdollars?Morethanthat,I'dlwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren_ 't43enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour44wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which45Jwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame's46.Icouldhardlywaitto47_him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis48_wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit49thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto50theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto51whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,52_toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat_53andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe54.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I'rmtillputtingtousewhathe55me:“Theabsolutemostimportant56thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood5乙Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto58asituation,processwhatyouropponent（對(duì)手）isdoingand59thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions. "Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy60asajournalist.41.A.putforuwrdB.jumpedatC.irie<louiU.tumedldown42,A曲mcB.eftmC.save43.A.型點(diǎn)倒C.rlhAcdDh[irwj44.A.tideii.curtipctilorC\kxtbtHik11iciMruckir45.AJiRdHrdemanded146.A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest

A.interviewA.chanceA.realA.attendA.addA.eventuallyA.gameA.criterionB.meetB.qualificationB.perfectB.passB.exposeB.naturallyB.presentationB.classroomC.challengeC.honorC.clearC.skipC.applyC.directlyC.courseC.departmentD.beatD.jobD.possibleD.observeD.compareD.normallyD.experimentD.situation55.A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised56.A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill57.A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments58.A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control59.A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate60.A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，？t分15分〉閱談下面短文，在空白處填入 1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdon'havetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63dying(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan make'youliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).sprobablyrunsalways69Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...itavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit(energy).Ifyou